Charged Cell Research Articles

Engineered Platelet for In Situ Natural Killer Cell Activation to Inhibit Tumor Recurrence.

Natural killer (NK) cells offer profound advantages against tumor recurrence due to their unique immunological behavior. NK cell therapies associated with the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect have made remarkable progress while being limited by insufficient antibody binding and the exhausted state of NK cells in the postsurgical immunosuppressive microenvironment. Leveraging the adherence of PLT to tumor cells, we developed an exogenously implanted platelet (PLT)-based NK cell-driven system (PLT-IgG-IL15) to improve the identifiability of residual tumors with IgG antibody labeling for NK cells catching and engaging, which consequently restored the ADCC effect and promoted the recovery of their killing function. Furthermore, interleukin-15 (IL-15) participated in the augmentation of NK cell function. Collectively, PLT-IgG-IL15 served as an NK cell tumor cell engager as well as an NK cell charger, achieving a <40% recurrence rate in mouse tumor models.

Some Improvements on Wettability and Internal Resistance of Modified Micro‐porous Layer for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Micro‐porous layer (MPL) is an essential component of the membrane electrode assembly in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). It enables proton transport and maintains the stability of gas diffusion layers. The wettability and internal resistance of MPL directly affect the cell output power density. Herein, a hydrophilic MPL is developed on the anode side of DMFC by depositing Ag‐modified carbon nano‐fiber powder (CNFP). The modification improves the diffusion of methanol–water solution into the anode catalytic layer, leading to an increased catalytic reaction rate and output power density. Moreover, thanks to the lower electrical resistance of CNFP/Ag, the cell's charge transfer and mass transfer resistances can be reduced, which leverage the power densities at different concentrations. The experimental results show that the peak power density of the modified MPL is increased by 42.2% from to . The charge transfer resistance is reduced by 34.8% from to and a reduction of 43.1% from to for the mass transfer resistance.

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Cell imbalance can cause negative effects such as early stopping of the battery charging and discharging process which can reduce its capacity. In the previous active balancing research, the energy used for the balancing process was taken from the cell or battery pack, resulting in drop of electric vehicle driving range. In this paper, a cell charger based battery balancing system is proposed with a reduction in the number of switches. The use of a cell charger aims to increase the usable energy of the battery pack, since the energy used for the balancing process is taken directly from the grid. The use of fewer switches aims to reduce the cost and space used on the battery management system (BMS) hardware. The charger used for the balancing process has a maximum current of 3 A and a maximum voltage of 3.65 V while the number of switches used is &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;+5 for &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; batteries. A 15S1P 200 Ah LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; battery pack consists of 15 cells used for testing purpose. The test results show that the time needed to equalize the 15 cell battery voltage reaches 6 hours from the difference between the highest and lowest battery cell voltages of 145.1 mV to 15.1 mV.

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Cell imbalance can cause negative effects such as early stopping of the battery charging and discharging process which can reduce its capacity. In the previous active balancing research, the energy used for the balancing process was taken from the cell or battery pack, resulting in drop of electric vehicle driving range. In this paper, a cell charger based battery balancing system is proposed with a reduction in the number of switches. The use of a cell charger aims to increase the usable energy of the battery pack, since the energy used for the balancing process is taken directly from the grid. The use of fewer switches aims to reduce the cost and space used on the battery management system (BMS) hardware. The charger used for the balancing process has a maximum current of 3 A and a maximum voltage of 3.65 V while the number of switches used is n+5 for n batteries. A 15S1P 200 Ah LiFePO4 battery pack consists of 15 cells used for testing purpose. The test results show that the time needed to equalize the 15 cell battery voltage reaches 6 hours from the difference between the highest and lowest battery cell voltages of 145.1 mV to 15.1 mV.

Injection moulded composite bipolar plates for a portable hydrogen fuel cell charger

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a reactants directly into electricity and heat with high efficiency. Proton Exchange Membrane or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are one of the most common type of fuel cells. In a convection PEM fuel cell, the oxygen from air is introduced to the cathode and hydrogen is introduced to anode. Between the anode and cathode electrodes is sandwiched the polymer electrolyte membrane. The hydrogen molecules break apart into protons and electrons due to the reaction helped by catalysts. The protons travel through the membrane to the cathode and electrons travel to an external circuit. At cathode side the protons, electrons and oxygen molecules combine to form water. Research work was directed to the study of hydrogen fuel cell power systems for portable applications. Last decade the industry developed portable power systems based on hydrogen fuel cell, mobile telephone chargers, vehicles energy supply. In this paper are presented the experiments with a hydrogen fuel cell stack in which were assembled resin filled graphite bipolar plates and then injection moulded polymeric conductive composite bipolar plates and results were compared concluding that injection moulded bipolar plates could represent an attractive alternative in building efficient fuel cell portable power systems.

수소 재순환 특성을 고려한 연료전지 시뮬레이터

In order to compensate a loss from the dynamic, a hydrogen fuel cell supplies the hydrogen more than 10% to its rated capacity. It brings the issue that a utilization rate of fuel cell degrades to 10%, therefore, the method is applied which recirculating the emitted hydrogen after their reaction. When their hydrogen recirculating, it results in emitting not the pure hydrogen but impurity, as a result it enables the electric energy to unstable. When a load requires certain power, a membrane of fuel cell has damaged due to voltage drop. In order to develop the charger which charging the energy into battery in fuel cell and battery hybrid system, it requires protection operation according to fuel cell output characteristic results from hydrogen recirculation. In fuel cell charger, selecting the level of protection operation voltage and current through experiment brings significant problem that damage of costly fuel cell. In this paper, we explain the design and control method of the fuel cell simulator which has output characteristic according to current density, temperature of fuel cell including hydrogen recirculation function and verify the validity through simulation and experiment.

MyFC receives order for 500 JAQ Hybrid chargers from Lightec

Swedish company myFC has received an order for 500 units of its JAQ Hybrid fuel cell charger and associated power cards, from Lightec in Japan. The order, worth up to SEK0.5 million (US$58 000), is part of a non-exclusive distribution agreement between myFC and Lightec.

Electric-Field Inputs for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Circuits

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. An elementary QCA device called a "cell" is made from a system of coupled quantum dots with a few mobile charges. The cell's charge configuration encodes a bit, and quantum charge tunneling within a cell enables device switching. Arrays of cells networked locally via the electrostatic field form QCA circuits, which mix logic, memory and interconnect. A molecular QCA implementation promises ultra-high device densities, high switching speeds, and room-temperature operation. We propose a novel approach to the technical challenge of transducing bits from larger conventional devices to nanoscale QCA molecules. This signal transduction begins with lithographically-formed electrodes placed on the device plane. A voltage applied across these electrodes establishes an in-plane electric field, which selects a bit packet on a large QCA input circuit. A typical QCA binary wire may be used to transmit a smaller bit packet of a size more suitable for processing from this input to other QCA circuitry. In contrast to previous concepts for bit inputs to molecular QCA, this approach requires neither special QCA cells with fixed states nor nanoelectrodes which establish fields with single-electron specificity. A brief overview of the QCA paradigm is given. Proof-of-principle simulation results are shown, demonstrating the input concept in circuits made from two-dot QCA cells. Importantly, this concept for bit inputs to molecular QCA may enable solutions to or provide insights into other challenges to the realization of molecular QCA, such as the demonstration of molecular device switching, the read-out of molecular QCA states, and the layout of molecular QCA circuits.

MyFC ships first JAQ Hybrid chargers to Huangdou e-commerce

Swedish company myFC has now delivered its JAQ Hybrid fuel cell charger to the Chinese customer Huangdou e-commerce, according to plan, marking the first commercial delivery of its JAQ Hybrid device. myFC has also appointed Sebastian Weber as its Chief Technology Integration Officer.

MyFC receives first commercial order for JAQ Hybrid charger

Swedish fuel cell manufacturer myFC has received an order for the first commercial delivery of its JAQ Hybrid fuel cell charger. myFC has signed a sales agreement and a joint marketing agreement with Huangdou e-commerce, a new customer, in order to introduce JAQ Hybrid to the Chinese market.

Thin Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Studied by Transient Terahertz Probe Spectroscopy

Abstract Thin film polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) solar cells were annealed in hydrogen plasma or in water vapour to suppress electrical activity of defects and impurities (passivation). The hydrogen plasma passivation procedure was optimized and a modification of several hydrogenation parameters was suggested, e.g. higher hydrogen pressure of 300 Pa and keeping bias voltage Vbias constant during the whole passivation process until the plasma was switched off. Since the plasma hydrogenation process was run as a closed system (without hydrogen flow) and the achieved passivation results (up to 497 mV) were close to the limit for poly-Si (500 mV), the generally accepted necessity to operate the process with a hydrogen flow was called into question. Samples passivated in a hydrogen plasma at different processing conditions were analyzed by transient terahertz probe spectroscopy and Suns-VOC method to measure a solar cell's charge carrier lifetime and its open-circuit voltage VOC, respectively. A correlation of these measured parameters was observed even though both these techniques characterize solar cells in completely different states. The transient terahertz probe spectroscopy appears to be a useful tool for a contactless investigation of materials where ultrafast processes of ns-long lifetimes play a crucial role, e.g. nanostructured objects and materials.

MyFC signs major Chinese deal for its JAQ fuel cell charger

myFC signs major Chinese deal for its JAQ fuel cell charger

MyFC delivers first order of JAQ fuel cell chargers to 3 Sweden

Swedish company myFC has delivered the first order of its JAQ fuel cell charger – claimed to be the world's smallest – for testing and evaluation with cellular phone operator 3 Sweden. IEC certification of the JAQ charger has been completed, and with the first delivery being evaluated by the operator, the next step will be to bring the products to the final consumer.

MyFC setting up JV in China to launch JAQ charger in key market

Swedish-based myFC is launching its JAQ fuel cell charger in the Chinese market, through a collaboration agreement with investment company Novel Unicorn in Hong Kong. The partners are setting up a joint venture company, which will work on marketing and sales of the JAQ in one of the world's fastest-growing mobile telephony markets.

MyFC deals with du for UAE, Mobileistic in US, as JAQ charger gets ready for launch

Swedish fuel cell device developer myFC has signed an exclusive agreement with the ‘du’ mobile network carrier to distribute and market myFC's new JAQ fuel cell charger in the United Arab Emirates, and a distribution agreement with smartphone accessory distributer Mobileistic for the American market. myFC has now shipped the first batch of JAQ chargers, ready for a major launch.

MyFC automates JAQ PowerCard production with ABB YuMi robot

Swedish fuel cell device developer myFC is collaborating with automation giant ABB, whereby ABB's new dual-armed YuMi® robot technology will produce PowerCards for myFC's JAQ™ fuel cell charger. The collaboration will see myFC build its first factory in Sweden.

Design of a Nonisolated Fuel Cell Boost Charger for Lithium Polymer Batteries With a Low Output Ripple

In the design of a fuel cell charger, it is important to find a suitable topology and to design the converter to guarantee the performance of both the fuel cell and the battery. Most of the chargers developed so far have used step-down converters. However, since a small fuel cell stack can only generate a low voltage, it is necessary to use a step-up converter to charge batteries. In this paper, a nonisolated boost charger topology with an additional output inductor for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented to meet the strict ripple requirements for the battery charge, and its control method using a proportional-integral (PI) controller is detailed. The feasibility of the boost charger and its control method is then verified through the experimental results.

The effect of gas compositions on the performance and durability of solid oxide electrolysis cells

High-temperature electrolysis with various gas compositions has been performed to investigate the effects of the hydrogen partial pressure and the humidity generated by the steam electrode on the performance and durability of solid oxide electrolysis cells. The power density of the button cell used in this research is 0.48 W cm−2 at 750 °C, and the flow rates of the air and humidified hydrogen are 100 cc min−1. By changing the flow ratio of H2:Ar:H2O(g) from 10:0:4 to 1:9:4, the cell's OCV decreases from 0.973 V to 0.877 V, and the charge transfer resistance increases from 1.126 Ω cm2 to 1.645 Ω cm2. The close relationship between the conversion efficiency of high-temperature electrolysis and steam composition is evident in the increase in the cell's charge transfer resistance from 0.381 Ω cm2 to 1.056 Ω cm2 as the steam content changed from 40 vol% to 3 vol%. Although the electrochemical splitting of water is stimulated in the short term by excessive steam flow, the Ni-YSZ electrodes have been damaged by the steam electrode's low H2 partial pressure. Consequently, the steam electrode's gas composition must be optimized in the long-term because of the trade-off between performance and durability, which depends on the water concentration of the steam electrodes.

On the Capacity and Programming of Flash Memories

Flash memories are currently the most widely used type of nonvolatile memories. A flash memory consists of floating-gate cells as its storage elements, where the charge level stored in a cell is used to represent data. Compared to magnetic recording and optical recording, flash memories have the unique property that the cells are programmed using an iterative procedure that monotonically shifts each cell's charge level upward toward its target value. In this paper, we model the cell as a monotonic storage channel, and explore its capacity and optimal programming. We present two optimal programming algorithms based on a few different noise models and optimization objectives.

Design and implementation of automated flexible multisource charging system for hybrid electric vehicles

The scarcity and cost of fossil fuels, combined with their greenhouse gas emissions, make the development of nonfossil fuel-based methods of transportation a high-priority task. This paper proposes the designing and sizing of a Multiple Input Hybrid Charging System (MIHCS) to be used in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion. It includes a fuel cell generator, solar cell charger, Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), flywheel storage system, on-board sources and a combined Energy Storage System (ESS) comprising a battery pack. Based on the speed range of the vehicle, multiple sources like solar energy, fuel cells and wind power are automatically selected for propulsion or charging purposes by using computer and interfacing circuits. To realise this logic, a program has been developed in 'C' language. This logic also helps in controlling the charging and discharging times of the batteries placed in the energy storage unit.