Cell Carcinoma Of Oral Mucosa Research Articles

Dynamics of changes in expression of VEGF neoangiogenic factor in tumor tissue bioptates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa receiving cetuximab treatment and chemotherapy

Purpose of the study. An analysis of changes in the expression of the VEGF neoangiogenic factor in the tumor tissue of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa receiving targeted therapy with cetuximab and chemotherapy.Patients and methods. We performed an immunohistochemical study of tumor samples obtained from 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa T3-4N0-1M0. The main group comprised 30 patients who received therapy with cisplatin and fluoruracil plus cetuximab. The control group included 30 patients receiving standard chemotherapy without targeted therapy. Each group was divided into two subgroups with different treatment efficacy: patients sensitive to treatment (n = 17 in the group with cetuximab and n = 12 in the group without cetuximab) and resistant to treatment (n = 13 in the group with targeted therapy and n = 18 in the group with standard chemotherapy).Results. Quantification of the VEGF expression demonstrated minimal numbers of vessels stained positively for this marker in the field of view in patients of the main group sensitive to chemotherapy and cetuximab. The value was 5.3 times lower than initial values, and 4.3 times lower than in the subgroup of patients resistant to the treatment (the data were statistically significant, р = 0.0132 and р = 0.0455, respectively). In the control group, patients who were sensitive to the treatment showed 1.4 times lower values than initially (р = 0.921), and patients who were resistant to the treatment had 1.1 times lower values than initial values (р = 0.936). The data were not statistically significant.Conclusions. The study showed that the number of microvessels in patients resistant to chemotherapy and cetuximab was 4.3 times higher than in patients with effective targeted therapy (р = 0.0455). The differences in the control group were not statistically significant.

Correlation features of oral mucosits and psychological status in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa at the stage of chemoradiation therapy

Mucosits of the oral mucosa as a complication of cancer treatment remains an urgent problem. The risk of developing mucosits is classically directly related to the type, intensity of anticancer treatment, and type of psychological response. Combination therapy increases the severity of mucosits. The frequency of mucosits 3–4 degrees according to the WHO scale reaches 85 % and is considered severe among patients receiving high-dose radiation therapy to the head and neck area. In squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa, oral mucosits is the main limiting factor in chemo radiation therapy.It is often necessary to resort to enteral nutritional support and the use of morphine-type analgesics to complete the planned exposure, or to interrupt therapy. In order to prevent mucosits, we studied the correlation between its degree and psychological reactions. The studied psychosomatic status of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa, who are at the stage of chemoradiation therapy, complicated by mucosits, showed a direct relationship between these indicators.

Cyclophosphamide-induced cancers in pemphigus patients –A report of three cases

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is an important steroid-sparing immunosuppressive drug that was found to be effective for the treatment of autoimmune bullous disorders such as pemphigus. However, cyclophosphamide (an alkylating drug) is a mutagenic drug and is associated with the risk of malignancies. Three cases of cancers developing due to cyclophosphamide use in pemphigus are presented. Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient of pemphigus vulgaris received over 50 g of cyclophosphamide over 3 years. He died of bladder cancer 9 years after stopping the treatment. A 57-year-old male patient, a known case of diabetes, received over 100 g of cyclophosphamide for over 4 years for pemphigus foliaceus diagnosed with bladder cancer 5 years after stopping treatment. A 50-year-old male received around 100 g of cyclophosphamide over 3 years for pemphigus foliaceus diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa 2 years after stopping treatment. Conclusion: Cyclophosphamide is a mutagenic drug and is associated with the risk of malignancy which can appear many years after stopping the treatment; hence, long-term follow-up is important.

Abnormal Nuclear Variations in Response to Radiotherapy- As a Tool in Treatment Planning and Assessment of Prognosis.

The treatment approaches for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) include single management with surgery, radiotherapy, along with chemotherapy or various combinations of these modalities. The estimation of radio sensitivity of individual tumours is essential for planning the optimum radiation schedule for each patient. Assessment of radiation induced histo morphological changes in the nucleus is a known marker of radiosensitivity. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between nuclear changes with radiation dose and to investigate the prospect of utilizing them as an assay to predict tumour response to radiotherapy in oral cancers. The present study included 50 patients (age range of 30-65yrs) with histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa and being treated by radiotherapy alone with a radiation dose schedule of 4, 14, 24 and 60 Gy respectively at 2(nd), 7(th), 12(th) and 30(th) day. From the included patients, smear of the buccal mucosa was collected and was air dried and fixed with methanol. The Nuclear changes of Micronucleus (MN), Nuclear Budding (NB) and Multinucleation (MNU) were evaluated under the bright field microscopy after staining with Giemsa and May-Grunwald's stain. Out of the 50, 37(74%) were males and 13(26%) were females (Ratio 3:1). The mean percentage increase of MN and MNU were found to be statistically significant (p=0.001) when compared with pre-treatment day. Similar findings were seen with NB, except between pretreatment and after 14 Gy (p-0.110). In the present study the measurement of relative increment index done in respect to all nuclear abnormalities show a sustained increase with increasing dosage of radiation. The present study, was undertaken to explore the possibility of establishing a relationship between the frequencies of nuclear abnormalities in patients with oral cancer with applied dosage and duration of radiotherapy. The progressive increase in Micronucleus and Multinucleation indices with increasing dose of radiation proves that these parameters can be used as indicators for assessing the response of tumour for radiotherapy. These parameters can be used as prognostic indicator in oral carcinoma cases undergoing radiotherapy.

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Involving the Alveolar Ridge, Buccal & Lingual Vestibule - A Case Report

Background: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. They can be differentiated from squamous cell carcinomas by their distinct clinical and histopathological features. Methods: 45 year old female patient presented with extra oral exophytic mass and intra-oral ulcerative lesion on right buccal mucosa and vestibule. The patient was referred for routine blood examination and radiography followed by incisional biopsy. The biopsy specimen was fixed, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for further microscopic examination. Results: On microscopic examination basaloid cells were seen proliferating along with dysplastic squamous cells in the connective tissue stroma. Conclusion: Based on the histopathological findings a diagnosis of 'Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma' was made. The patient was referred to department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for excision of the lesion followed by radiotherapy.

Pigmented Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Mucosa: Clinicopathologic Study of 3 Cases

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin and mucosa occasionally show pleomorphic histologic forms. One of these rare pleomorphic forms is pigmented SCC (PSCC). Although melanin pigments are widely distributed in the skin and in certain types of mucosa, PSCC is rarely seen.1-22 Only 12 cases of PSCC in the oral mucosa have been reported.1,2,15,17,19,20,22 Clinically, the differential diagnosis of PSCC with dark pigmentation often includes melanoma and other melanocyte lesions. However, PSCC is not always accompanied by dark pigmented lesions on the overlying epithelium,19,20 although many melanin pigments and melanocytes can be found intermingled with the tumor cells.

DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma and VX2-induced rabbit cancer as a model for human oral carcinogenesis

In this article, we have described and compared the advantages and disadvantages of two potential animal cancer models (the hamster buccal pouch cancer model and the VX2-induced rabbit cancer model) for human squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa. Currently, no animal cancer model is perfectly applicable to human oral squamous cell carcinomas. This is because the hamster buccal pouch cancer model has a different etiology and genetic constitution compared with human oral carcinomas. In addition, the VX2-induced rabbit cancer model is not produced in situ and, consequently, its natural behavior is totally reliant on the location of transplantation. Nonetheless, with the use of these two animal cancer models together, researchers could evaluate different aspects of the cellular and molecular biological characteristics or assess potential novel treatment regimens for squamous cell carcinomas of the human oral mucosa.

Cutaneous Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Mucosa with a Purpura-Like Appearance with Tumor Thrombosis in Lymphatic Vessels

Cutaneous Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Mucosa with a Purpura-Like Appearance with Tumor Thrombosis in Lymphatic Vessels

Characterization of different tissue changes in normal, betel chewers, potentially malignant lesions, conditions and oral squamous cell carcinoma using reflectance confocal microscopy: Correlation with routine histopathology

The goal of this study was to characterize the features of normal mucosa, mucosa in betel chewers and smokers, potentially malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa using reflectance confocal microscopy. Oral cavity biopsies were acquired from 25 patients from College of Dental Surgery, Saveetha University who underwent screening for suspected lesions of Oral precancer and Oral cancer along with normal patients who underwent impaction. Biopsies were acquired from the clinically suspicious area and immediately placed in Dulbecco modified eagles growth medium (DMEM). Reflectance confocal images were obtained at multiple image plane depths from biopsies within 6h of excision. After imaging, biopsies were fixed in 10% formalin and submitted for routine histopathological examination by an experienced oral and maxillofacial pathologist. Reflectance confocal images were compared with histological images from the same sample to determine the tissue features which contribute to early cellular changes, image contrast and early diagnosis. The confocal images were obtained to a depth of up to 150 microns on intact biopsy specimens and subsequent 3-dimensional images, keratin thickness measurements, cell measurements, cell density analysis and graphical representations were performed using Leica image analysis software. In normal mucosa keratin deposition were seen as alternating dark and bright stacks and in different cell layers the nuclei were seen as disks of varying intensities. In pre-cancerous lesions the keratin thickness and cell nuclear density were found to be increased when compared to normal controls. In OSMF cases confocal images of fibrosis show scattering from individual fibres as hyperdense areas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases demonstrated extensive variations in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear morphology. At cellular level, dysplastic features like increased nuclear density, increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear and cellular pleomorphism with loss of cohesiveness were identified in all five cases. Our results support the potential of reflectance confocal microscopy to play a significant role in clinical evaluations of oral lesions, early diagnosis of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions and real time identification of tumour margins.

Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa

AbstractEarly diagnosis of oral carcinomas is essential for successful treatment. The purpose of the present study is to apply near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and leukoplakia (OLK), in order to establish the diagnostic model of the Raman spectra of oral diseases. We collected Raman spectra of normal, OLK and SCC by near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The biochemical variations between different lesions were analyzed by the characteristic bands in the subtracted mean spectra. Gaussian radial basis function support vector machines (SVM) were used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. Major differences were observed in the range between 800 and 1800 cm−1. Compared with normal mucosa, high contents of protein, DNA and lipid in SCC and OLK were observed, but the difference between OLK and normal tissue was not as much as that between normal and SCC. SVM displayed a powerful ability in the classifying of normal and SCC, and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 100, 97.56 and 98.75%, respectively. In discriminating between the OLK and normal groups, the three parameters were 85, 68 and 72.5%. The algorithm showed good ability in grouping and modeling of OLK and SCC, and the three parameters were 95, 97.43 and 96.25%. Combined with SVM, near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy can detect biochemical variations in oral normal mucosa, OLK and SCC, and establish diagnostic models accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa

Background and Objectives: Early diagnosis of oral carcinomas is essential for the curative effect. The purpose of the present study is to use near-infrared Raman spectroscope in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OLK) and establish diagnostic model, in order to provide researching foundation for the Raman spectral diagnosis of oral diseases.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma involving floor of the mouth

Basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of oral mucosa are uncommon. Majority of them can be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma by their aggressive clinical course and their histopathological features. This case report presents a case of 70-year-old male with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma involving the floor of the mouth.

口腔粘膜へん平上皮癌再発症例におけるメタロチオネインの免疫組織化学的検討

口腔粘膜へん平上皮癌再発症例におけるメタロチオネインの免疫組織化学的検討

Spindle cell carcinoma of oral mucosa: Case report with immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic studies

Spindle cell carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor occurring often in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and less frequently in the esophagus and skin. Recently, we encountered a case of spindle cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. This paper reports this unusual case that presented as a diagnostic problem and illustrates the role of immunohistochemistry as an adjunct to the diagnosis of spindle cell carcinoma.