Cell Carcinoma Of Pulmonary Type Research Articles

Primary Ovarian Small Cell Carcinoma of Pulmonary Type: Analysis of 6 Cases and Review of 31 Cases in the Literatures

ObjectivePrimary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type (SCCOPT) is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis. The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment. However, there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence. The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT. MethodsWe summarized the clinical, imaging, laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases, in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures. ResultsThe median age of the studied SCCOPT cases (n=37) was 56.00 (range, 22–80) years. Almost 80% of them had a stage III or IV tumor. All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy. Nevertheless, all cases had a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival time of 12 months. Immunohistochemically, the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers, such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX-2), and negative expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, vimentin, Leu-7, and somatostatin receptor 2. The tumor of above 80% cases expressed synaptophysin. Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, and thyroid transcription factor-1. ConclusionsSCCOPT had a poor prognosis. SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.

Valor de la determinación inmunohistoquímica de SMARCA4/BRG1 en el diagnóstico del carcinoma de ovario de célula pequeña variante hipercalcémica. Presentación de dos casos

Small cell carcinoma of ovary-hypercalcemic type is an undifferentiated carcinoma. We describe two cases in women aged 32 and 29. Both presented with large masses and complete surgical extirpation was impossible. Histologically, the images were similar, with diffuse cell proliferation, accompanied by the presence of follicle-like spaces. In both cases it was necessary to make a differential diagnosis with entities such as adult or juvenile granulosa cell tumour, small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type, dysgerminoma and even peripheral neuroectodermal tumour. The absence of SMARCA4/BRG1 immunostaining proved very useful in the diagnosis of hypercalcemic small cell ovarian carcinoma.

Ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type appearing in ante-mortem ascites: An autopsy case and review of the literature

Ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type (OSCCPT) is an extremely rare and aggressive disease. The diagnostic significance of cytology of ascites for OSCCPT, however, has not been shown so far. Here, we report the diagnosis of this carcinoma in an autopsy case with ante-mortem cytology of ascites. A 75year-old woman was detected with bilateral ovarian cancer by radiological imaging. Although operation was planned, massive ascites was discovered a few weeks later. Ascites was removed with abdominocentesis, which cytologically diagnosed presence of carcinoma, suspicious of adenocarcinoma. A few days later, she died. From autopsy samples, we diagnosed this case as bilateral OSCCPT, showing neuroendocrine differentiation by immunohistochemistry. We reviewed ante-mortem cytology of ascites and found scattered small atypical cells. Immunocytochemical study of the cell block of the ascites showed neuroendocrine differentiation of the atypical cells in an identical manner as the autopsy specimens. Since small atypical cells of OSCCPT often exist with other histological tumor components, careful screening of all cells on the preparation is advisable to accurately diagnose OSCCPT by cytology of ascites.

Ovarian Pulmonary-type Small Cell Carcinoma

Ovarian pulmonary-type small cell carcinoma is a rare and extremely aggressive neoplasm. We report the occurrence of an ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type in a 54-year-old woman. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy. A diagnosis of stage IIIA pulmonary-type small cell carcinoma was rendered. The tumor appeared to be composed of a solid growth of small cells arranged in sheets and closely packed nests with insular arrangements separated by a fibrous stroma. The tumor cells had hyperchromatic nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm. Rosette and rosette-like structures were scattered. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and focally for chromogranin. Cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were also positive. Over 80% of the tumor cells showed strong reactivity for MIB-1. Electron microscopy showed neuroendocrine granules. She was effectively treated with paclitaxel plus carboplatin after the surgery.

Primary small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type of the fallopian tube: a case report

To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of primary small cell carcinoma (pulmonary type) of the fallopian tube in the English literature. Our case is a 60-year-old woman who presented with profuse brownish PV (per vagina) discharge over several months. The patient underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after which the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma (pulmonary type) of the right fallopian tube was made. On immunohistochemistry, the carcinoma revealed posi-tivity for chromogranin, CD56, synaptophysin, TTF-1, CK-7 and EMA, and negativity for WT-1, P53, inhibin, CD-31, S100, HMB-45, CA-125, SMA, desmin, CK-20, Oestrogen, Napsin-A and CD-99. Here, for the first time, we present a case of small cell carcinoma (pulmonary-type) of the fallopian tube, and discuss its clinical presentation, imaging findings and histopatho-logical features.

Small Cell Carcinoma of Pulmonary Type Inside a Microinvasive Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary

We report the occurrence of a small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type developed within a large borderline mucinous cystic tumor of the ovary, with another focus of microinvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, in a 32-year-old woman. The small cell carcinoma expresses several neuroendocrine markers, thyroid transcription factor 1 and parathyroid hormone. Carbohydrate antigen 15.3 and carcinoembryonic antigen were focally detected but not cancer antigen 125. Cytokeratin 20 was immunolabeled in several mucinous carcinomatous glands but not in the neuroendocrine cells. The p53 protein was abnormally abundant, including in the borderline tumor. Progesterone receptor was heterogeneously immunodetected, whereas estrogen receptor labeling was weak and limited. This unusual immunohistochemical pattern further enhances the singularity of this quite exceptional tumor association.

Ovarian Neoplasms Composed of Small Round Cells

Ovarian neoplasms composed predominantly or exclusively of small round cells with scant cytoplasm are relatively rare. However, there is a wide differential, and pathologists often struggle to make a correct diagnosis because of overlapping histologic features. Perhaps the best known of these neoplasms is ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type (OSCCHT), a tumor of unknown histogenesis. This may be confused with a wide range of neoplasms ranging from sex cord-stromal tumors (some of which may exhibit a small cell phenotype) to neoplasms in the family of small round blue cell tumors to various undifferentiated malignancies. A neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma, so-called small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type, may also arise within the ovary, and this may be a component of a typical ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumor. In addition to the well-known family of small round blue cell tumors of childhood, other small cell neoplasms that may arise within the ovary or involve the ovary include intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor, metastatic small cell carcinoma, peripheral and central primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Malignant melanoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and various germ cell tumors, especially dysgerminoma and immature teratoma, also on occasion enter into the differential diagnosis of an ovarian small cell neoplasm. In this review, the morphologic features of some of these neoplasms are described, as is the value of immunohistochemistry and other ancillary techniques in establishing a diagnosis.

Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type. A clinicopathologic, immunohistologic, and flow cytometric analysis of 11 cases.

Eleven primary ovarian tumors that resembled small cell carcinoma of the lung are reported. They occurred in women 28-85 (mean 59) years of age, most of whom presented with abdominal swelling. Six of the tumors were unilateral and five bilateral; seven had spread beyond the ovary. The tumors ranged from 4.5 to 26 (mean 13.5) cm in greatest dimension and were mostly solid, with a variable minor cystic component. Microscopic examination showed small to medium-sized round to spindle-shaped cells with scanty cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli growing in sheets, closely packed nests, and occasionally islands and trabeculae. A component of endometrioid carcinoma was present in four tumors, another tumor showed squamous differentiation, another contained a cyst lined by atypical mucinous cells, and two others were associated with a Brenner tumor. Argyrophil granules were present focally in two of six tumors appropriately stained. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in nine cases: in six there was staining of the small cell component for keratin, in five for epithelial membrane antigen, in seven for neuron-specific enolase, in two for chromogranin, and in one for Leu-7. Vimentin staining was not observed. Flow cytometry was performed on eight tumors: five were aneuploid and three diploid. Five of seven patients with long-term follow-up died of, or with, disease at 1-13 (mean 8) months, one died after an unknown interval, and one was alive at 7.5 years. Two other patients had recurrent or residual disease at 6 and 8 months.