Cell Carcinoma Of Buccal Mucosa Research Articles

Can Radiological Tumour Thickness Predict Pathological Prognostic Factors in Clinicoradiologically Node-Negative Oral Squamous Carcinoma? A Prospective Study.

This research investigates potential connections between radiological tumour thickness determined by CT scans and various pathological prognostic factors. These factors include pathological tumour thickness (pTT), pathological depth of invasion (DOI), and positive cervical nodal metastasis. This analysis focuses on cases of clinicoradiologically node-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. Sixty-one previously untreated clinicoradiologically node-negative squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa were included in the study. The radiological tumour thickness in the preoperative CT scans is correlated with other prognostic factors like pathological tumour thickness, DOI and presence or absence of neck node. Sixty-one patients were included in the study with a median age of 54 years (Range 27-84). Forty-two patients (68.9%) were male, and 19 were females (31.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in mean values of rTT among patients with positive or negative post-operative nodal metastases. However, a significant correlation could be established with rTT to other potential prognostic factors. Tumor thickness in preoperative CT scans can be used to predict post-operative prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Correlation of oral mucosal lesions with various habits and histopathological findings

The oral mucosa is subjected to numerous local irritants throughout the life. This makes the oral cavity one of the most common sites for various benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. These lesions can cause variety of symptoms, leading to severe discomfort in daily life. Oral lesions generally present in the form of ulcer, swelling, discolouration or restricted mouth opening. Hence, the knowledge of all these pathological lesions of oral cavity becomes important in their early diagnosis and effective management. In our current analytical and descriptive study, we studied clinical profile and histopathologic findings of various oral mucosal lesions, in 80 subjects. These lesions were found to be more common in middle aged males of low socioeconomic status. There was strong association between tobacco chewing and smoking with occurrence of premalignant and malignant lesions. Alcohol addiction often coexisted with tobacco consumption; and was found to be weakly associated with only malignant lesions. Aphthous stomatitis and Oral submucous fibrosis were found to be the most common benign and premalignant lesions, respectively. Most common malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. History and clinical examination were needed to study the type, site, gross appearance and extent of the lesion. However intra-oral biopsy was gold standard in making accurate diagnosis of these lesions. Knowledge obtained through this clinico-histopathological study was useful to make early diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions for their effective management.

A Rare Case of Thyroid Cartilage Metastases Detected on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

The thyroid cartilage metastatic involvement is an extremely rare entity. It can be asymptomatic at the earlier stage and can become symptomatic later on. Involvement of thyroid cartilage is frequent in melanoma and renal and rarely reported in an advanced stage of carcinoma prostate, breast, and lung. These cases were usually reported on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as can often easily be missed on computed tomography scan alone. We present a case report of metastatic involvement of thyroid cartilage in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa detected on the whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.

Outcomes of clinico-radiologically advanced cancer (cT4b) of buccal mucosa: a retrospective analysis of 104 patients.

Although guidelines recommend non-surgical management for cT4b patients, recent studies have shown that upfront surgery in carefully selected patients can be performed with acceptable long-term survival benefit. In this study, we analysed the survival outcome of curative intent treatment on cT4b patients. Data from 104 patients who were staged cT4b and underwent upfront surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa were retrospectively analysed. Outcome measures were locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The study cohort comprised 104 patients who had a median age of 52.5 years (range 27–81 years) and included 81 males (77.9%). Thirty-six patients had masticator space involvement on final histopathology, designating them as pT4b. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrated 91.67% sensitivity in identifying masticator space involvement, albeit with a lower accuracy of 31.7%. Pathologically, clear margins were achieved in 79 (76%) patients. 62 (59.7%) and 20 (19.2%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy respectively. 2-year LRFS, DFS and OS were 61.8%, 60% and 68.1%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, involved margins (hazard ratio (HR) 28.766, p = 0.006), pN2b status (HR 4.68, p = 0.027) and perineural invasion (PNI) (HR 3.001, p = 0.027) showed statistically significant impact on LRFS, involved margins (HR 28.859, p = 0.008) and pN2b status (HR 4.018, p = 0.004) affected DFS. Involved margins (HR 14.139, p = 0.023) and pN2b status (HR 3.166, p = 0.025) showed statistically significant impact on OS. In conclusion, upfront surgery is a feasible option for patients with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa with the involvement of the masticator space. Survival outcomes are better in patients where resection is achieved with clear margins, and regional disease is limited to a single cervical lymph node.

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: a report of a rare case

BackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. Most of BCCs can be detected in the early stages and are generally well controlled with local resection. Despite the high incidence of BCC, metastasis is rarely observed. Metastatic BCCs generally have an aggressive phenotype and are refractory to conventional treatment.Case presentationWe describe a rare case of BCC in which a series of local relapses culminated in metastasis into the oral cavity 10 years after the first diagnosis of cutaneous BCC. We performed surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy in this patient; 11 months after the final course of radiotherapy, the BCC remains stable, and the patient continues to be monitored regularly.ConclusionsBecause metastatic BCC is refractory to current treatment and difficult to control, his treatment history and the pathohistological features of BCC had to be considered in posttreatment planning.

Pattern of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa and Its Correlation for Optimal Neck Management

Objective: To document cervical node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of buccal mucosa and analyze the oncological necessity of most suitable neck dissection, in population of a tertiary care hospital.
 Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Maxillofacial department, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jul 2020.
 Methodology: It was a study of 110 histopathologically proven patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Non-probability sampling technique was used and sample size was calculated with help of WHO software using 8% prevalence of cervical metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, 95% confidence interval, 7% margin of error. Patients aged 18-75 years, either gender, resectable tumor with or without lymph node involvement were included. Patients treated previously, with distant metastasis, unfit for general anesthesia and not willing to give consent were excluded. Tumor resection with selective neck dissection was done by one experienced surgeon and specimens were sent to same laboratory for histopathology. Data was collected on a proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 26.
 Result: Out of 110 patients 93 (84.5%) were male and 17 (15.5%) were female. Mean age was 43 years ± 12.75. Occurrence of occult metastasis was 41.8%. According to histopathologically positive metastatic node, highest incidence was in level I 21 (19.1%) followed by levels I, II, III 12 (10.9%) and levels I-II 7 (6.4%), while positive levels I, II, III, IV were seen in only 2 (1.8%) cases.
 Conclusion: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.............

Mango-shaped Bi-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for large full-thickness defects post resection of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity: An analysis of 232 cases.

Objectives:The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility of bi-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap reconstruction in patient undergoing full thickness composite resection.Materials and Methods:Inclusion criteria: The subjects chosen were patients with clinically T4A squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, lower alveolus, and maxilla in with skin involvement. Patients required a full-thickness composite resection of intraoral lesion, bone (mandibular segment and/or maxilla), and overlying involved skin and had modified radical neck dissection. Exclusion criteria: Patients not requiring full thickness composite resection including skin. Patients were observed postoperatively for early and late postoperative complications, starting of oral feeding, post-operative trismus, and dysphagia during subsequent follow-up and cosmetic outcome.Results:Overall, the complication rate was 33.8% out of which only 7.8% required major re-surgery with second flap reconstruction. This is comparable with other large series of PMMC flap. Clavien-Dindo Grade I complications were seen in 9.5%, Grade II in 69.7%, Grade IIIA in 13.4%, and Grade IIIB in 7.45% of patients. Full-thickness partial flap necrosis included necrosis of either the external or the internal skin paddle. There were 15 cases – 6.5% of full thickness external paddle necrosis. These were mostly in patients with bite composite resections and having a larger random fasciocutaneous distal component of the flap without underlying muscle. Furthermore, 40% of these patients were females. In females, the flap necrosis comprised 4 of the 12 patients (33.33%).Conclusion:Pectoralis major mycocutaneous flap has been a boon to reconstruction of the oral cavity post its inception. In case of locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, in many instances, there is a clinically significant cervical lymph nodal spread vessels post mandating a comprehensive lymph node dissection. PMMC flap provides a robust well vascularized muscular cover to the cervical vessels poststernocleidomastoid excision.

Multidetector computed tomography imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

<p>This study aims at describing the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and CT imaging findings in evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and its staging. Retrospective study of 40 patients who underwent MDCT and were histopathogically proven case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of buccal mucosa patients were included in the study. Plain, arterial, venous phase and puff cheek CT cuts were taken from base of skull till clavicle. The imaging findings in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity allow the radiologist to accurately determine the extent and staging of disease thereby help clinicians plan appropriate treatment. 40 such patients were done in which majority of them are male patients-27 as compared to female patients-13. Among these 40 patients, 20 patients had stage IVB cancer, 13 patients had stage IVA, 5 patients had stage II and 2 patients had stage I cancer. No patient included in our study had stage III. Patients’ recovery will depend on how early the cancer is found and staging gives an idea of patients’ possible outcomes. MDCT is non-invasive and cost-effective investigation which helps in evaluating squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and determines its stage of buccal cancer and guide the therapy accordingly.</p>

Cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a retrospective study on pattern of involvement and clinical analysis.

Background The study was performed with an aim to map the pattern of metastasis of squamous cell carcinomas of buccal mucosa to various cervical lymph node levels and analyze its correlation with primary tumor size and histo-pathological grading. Material and Methods 254 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa treated with surgery first approach were analyzed retrospectively. The tumor size was noted from pre-operative CT Scans and were divided into early and advanced tumors. The resected specimen was studied to note the histo-pathological grading of the squamous cell carcinoma and the metastatic deposits at various lymph node levels. Results Out of 254 patients (149 females, 105 males), 145 patients showed histo-pathologically proven metastatic deposits in one or more lymph nodes out of which there were 56 patients showing occult metastasis. 78/145 patients showed metastatic involvement of level IB and/or IA lymph nodes, 31 showed involvement of level II and/or I lymph nodes, 27 showed involvement of level III with or without involvement of level I and II and 9 showed metastasis to level IV and V lymph nodes with or without level I, II or III lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node metastasis had statistically significant association with tumor size with advanced tumors showing worse pattern of metastatic spread beyond level I and II lymph nodes. As the degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma reduced, they were more prone for cervical metastasis with moderately and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showing higher involvement of level III, IV and V lymph nodes. Conclusions The majority of buccal mucosa cases showed metastasis to level I, II and III lymph nodes out of which level IB and/or IA was most frequently involved. Metastasis to level IV and V lymph nodes was rare and was seen especially in patients with advanced primary tumor and poor histo-pathologic differentiation. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cervical lymph node metastasis, histologic differentiation, locally advanced disease.

Synchronous Buccal Carcinoma and Laryngeal Carcinoma- A Rare Presentation

Introduction
 Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of larynx is rare after squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.
 Case Report
 A 47 year old male patient presented with a painless, progressive ulcer of left buccal mucosa near the angle of mouth for the last 3 months who also developed alteration in the quality of voice and respiratory distress 2 months later. On biopsy buccal lesion came out to be moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a glottic growth and guided biopsy from the lesion revealed well differentiated keratinising squamous cell carcinoma which was managed successfully by total laryngectomy and buccal carcinoma by wide local excision followed by primary closure and supraomohyoid neck dissection in the same sitting.
 Discussion
 Having both index primary tumour and second primary tumour in head and neck region is a rare occurrence more so glottic carcinoma occurring synchronously with buccal carcinomas. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in both the conditions.

Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

BackgroundHigh recurrence and poor overall survival in buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) are not well addressed due to lack of efficient prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapies. To uncover gene candidates for the same, transcriptome profiling has been examined in BMSCC, which is not explored yet. MethodsWe compared 9 BMSCC and 2 normal oral FFPE tissues using Agilent SurePrint G3 Human gene expression v3 microarray chips. The obtained RNA signatures were interrogated in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset for alteration values and survival data. ResultsWe found total 237 protein coding RNAs and 85 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which displayed significant differential expression with criteria of at-least 2 fold change and Benjamini Hochberg FDR < .05. In protein coding RNAs, RUNX3 and EMX2 showed utmost degree of up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. Likewise, among lncRNAs, ARGFXP2 and lnc-SYCP3–2 displayed highest degree of up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. Besides, an analysis of the RNA list in TCGA dataset spotted deregulation of 21 genes in both, our cohort and TCGA cohort. Among which, MRTO4 and EIF3J genes, and LINC00310, a lncRNA showed greatest expression alterations. Strikingly, at RNA expression level, up-regulation of two genes, EIF3J and SDCBP, was significantly associated with disease free survival and poor overall survival, respectively. ConclusionOur data documented significant findings to enhance understanding of the disease biology. The proposed RNA candidates (RUNX3, EMX2, MRTO4, EIF3J, SDCBP and LINC00310) may serve as putative therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for BMSCC diagnosis and prognosis.

Clinicopathological correlation of tumor-stroma ratio and inflammatory cell infiltrate with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and tongue in 41 cases with review of literature.

Several studies regarding tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in colorectal, esophageal, breast, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas have been done in the past with significant results. The objectives of this study were to (1) study and grade TSR in buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (2) grade inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounding the tumor, and (3) correlate the above two parameters with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI). Totally, 25 patients of buccal SCC and 16 cases of tongue SCC were included in the study. TSR was assessed visually on the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections by two independent observers. Cases were categorized into two groups: One with high TSR >50% (stroma poor) and the other with low TSR <50% as the stroma-rich group. TSR was correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, inflammatory cell infiltrate, LVI, and PNI. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows. The Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests were applied in the analysis of categorical variable. SCC of buccal mucosa showed a significant correlation between TSR and size of the tumor (P = 0.001). We found that smaller the tumor size ≤2 cm (Stage T1), lesser the TSR, and size >2 cm was found to be associated with higher TSR. Hence, higher TSR (stroma poor) was associated with an adverse pathological characteristic, i.e., advanced T significantly. There was no significant correlation between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. In 16 cases of SCC of the tongue; no correlation was observed between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with tumor size, grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. TSR has been studied in various malignancies (mostly adenocarcinomas) including laryngeal SCCs; however, it has never been studied on oral SCCs.

Assessment of Cytokine Release against Oral Mucosal Cell Line Culture (TR146) Stimulated by Neutrophil Elastase Associated with Behcet's Disease.

Aim Cytokines and chemokines may be involved in the onset of oral ulcer in Behcet's disease. The aim of our study is to assess the cytotoxic effects of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines on reconstructed oral mucosal cell line (TR146) when treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase (NE). Objective For this purpose, a culture of the oral mucosal model (OMM) prepared from a cell line derived from an oral squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa (TR146) is treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase. The cultures were incubated for 4- and 24-hour intervals and designed as follows: culture + artificial saliva served as the negative control; culture + 0.01% SLS (sodium lauryl sulphate) served as the positive control; and culture + NE (10, 50, 100, and 200 nM) served as the treated group. Materials and Methods We used sandwich ELISA technique to isolate IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-8, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor). Results We found no significant level of IL-8 and TNF-α when treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase after 4- and 24-hour incubation. The IL-1β level was slightly higher when treated with 100 and 200 nM NE after 24 hours of incubation although a significantly high level was observed at 100 nM NE after 4 hours of incubation. Hence, we found an increase in the level of IL-1β when stimulating the reconstructed oral mucosal model (OMM) with different concentrations of NE. This is a preliminary in vitro study; however, further research is required to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of cytokines and chemokines released when treated with NE. Moreover, high concentrations of NE are recommended to stimulate the release of cytokines and chemokines against the OMM.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Detecting Bone Invasion due to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of head and neck in detecting adjacent bone invasion due to squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa using histopathology as gold standard. Cross sectional / descriptive study. Department of Radiology, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 116 patients clinically suspected of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) involving buccal mucosa was included. After taking proper history, all these patients referred to Radiology Department for contrast enhanced contiguous thin slice sections of 3-5 mm the primary site of the lesion prior to surgery. Reconstruction of all images done by using bone algorithm. The diagnostic accuracy of CECT was analysed against the gold standard of histopathology. Statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS 21. Mean ±SD were calculated for quantitative variable like age. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were computed for CECT, taking histopathology as gold standard. Eighty-three male (71%) and 33 female (28%) patients. Mean age was 46.66±10.77 years. Mean duration of sign and symptoms was 3.47 ±1.54 months. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 69.2%, 78.4%, and 80.4%, 66.7% and 73.3%, respectively. CECT is a reliable technique for detecting adjacent bone invasion due to squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa by using 3-5 mm thin-section CT reconstructed with bone algorithm.

Evaluation of Mucociliary Activity in Maxillary Antra in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa Undergoing Post Operative Radiotherapy

A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted on 24 patients of histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa upon whom bilateral 'middle meatal antrostomy was performed during the same sitting as the tumour resection with the main aim to assess the maxillary mucociliary clearance, pre-, during and post-irradiation; and compare the findings with the non-irradiated side in the same patient to avoid any confounding factors. All patients underwent methylene blue dye clearance and saccharine clearance tests before the commencement of radiation therapy, weekly during irradiation and again at first and sixth month of completion of irradiation. Pre-radiation there was statistically no difference (P > 0.05) in clearance times between both sides. But, there was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in saccharin and methylene blue clearance times on the irradiated side in comparison to contralateral non-irradiated side, during and post-radiation. It is concluded that external beam radiotherapy for oral cancers significantly affect ciliary activity in the adjacent maxillary antrum and has no effect on the opposite side. Recovery in mucociliary activity was not seen even after 6months after radiation therapy.

Usefulness of supraclavicular flap inreconstruction following resection oforalcancer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of supraclavicular artery flap in reconstruction of defects following resection of buccal mucosa cancer.MethodsTwenty-five patients who presented to R.L Jalappa Hospital and Research centre and diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa staged T2 and above were included in our study. All patients underwent wide excision of tumour and neck dissection. Six patients underwent hemi-mandibulectomy while 4 patients underwent marginal mandibulectomy depending on extent of the tumour along with neck dissection. The defect following surgery was reconstructed using the supraclavicular artery flap and were followed up for minimum 6 months during which they were assessed for the functional and aesthetic outcome using a scoring system. The details of the scoring system comprised of 7 attributes. Each attribute was given a score of 10 if the patients experienced that attribute, while a score of 0 was given if the patient did not experience that particular attribute.ResultsSeven (28%) patients had complete necrosis of the flap. One patient had a local recurrence 2 months following surgery and was lost to follow up. The remaining 17 patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and a scoring system was adopted to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcome of the supraclavicular flap. We observed that 14 patients had an excellent outcome score (58%), 3 patients had a good outcome score (13%), while 7 patients (28%) had flap necrosis.ConclusionsWe find the supraclavicular flap to be safe, technically simple, sensate, thin, pliable and reliable regional fasciocutaneous flap in reconstructing intra oral defects. Preserving the external jugular vein and sacrificing supraclavicular nerves give good outcome.

Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: An analysis of prognostic factors.

Introduction:Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome and evaluate prognostic factors in surgically treated buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) patients.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the medical records of 409 pathologically proven buccal mucosa cancer patients, who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tata Memorial Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008.Results:The overall 5-year survival of the cohort was found to be 54.1%. The stage-wise survival rate for tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) Stage I, II, III, and IV patients was found to be 85.2%, 82.9%, 56.3%, and 42.6% (P < 0.00), respectively. On multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the presence of comorbidity, histological tumor size, pathological lymph node status, tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread were found to be independently associated with overall survival.Conclusion:BMSCC is an aggressive malignant tumor. In addition to TNM classification, other clinical and pathological factors also have a significant role in BMSCC prognostication. Hence, there is a need to move beyond TNM and develop a more inclusive, flexible, and easy to use prognostic system.

The effects of Emblica officinalis and Tinospora cordifolia herbal treatment on the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and tongue

ObjectiveThe fruit of Emblica officinalis (Eo) and Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) has been widely consumed as a folk medicine in Southeast Asia due to its nutritional and pharmacological effects. Number of laboratory research showed these herbs have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. A randomized double blind prospective clinical trial was conducted during 2005–2009 to determine whether a herbal preparation made from Eo and Tc has a prognostic effect in the treatment of oral cancer. Material and methodsThe study group comprised of 114 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of buccal mucosa (70) and tongue (44). Following conventional treatment they were randomly assigned to a trial (51) and a control group (63). The trial group was administered a herbal regimen consisting of Eo and Tc in powdered form and the control group a placebo for three months. The efficacy of the herbal regimen in the prognosis of OSCC patients was analysed by the recurrence free survival and incidence of recurrences in relation to patient’s age and stage of the lesions. ResultsThe results, showed statistically significant improvements in the prognosis of the trial group consisted of OSCC buccal mucosa with greatly reduced local (p=0.02) and overall recurrences (p=0.05). The trial group of OSCC of the tongue, showed a highly statistically significant reduction in nodal (p=0.01) and overall recurrences (p=0.01).The reduction of nodal recurrence was greater in the OSCC tongue group. Five-year combined recurrence-free survival of the trial groups together (62.7%) was significantly better, in comparison to (42.3%) the control group (p=0.031).

Chest wall metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

Chest wall metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

An Unusual Adrenal Gland Metastasis in a Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa

An Unusual Adrenal Gland Metastasis in a Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa