Ceftriaxone Research Articles

A high-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometric method for the separation of isomeric ceftriaxone in powder for injection formulation

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone e-isomer in powder for injection formulation. Ceftriaxone sodium injection is an antibiotic that used globally. It has Z/E geometrical conformation, in which ceftriaxone sodium and 3 ene-isomer have Z- conformation while (E)-isomer has E- conformation and the potential toxicity of ceftriaxone (E)-isomer has been reported. Thus, to safeguard the public health, a simple and easy to use, rapid and reliable method was developed for qualitative and quantitative determination of ceftriaxone sodium and its (E)–isomer. Samples were applied on HPTLC glass plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 by using Linomat semi-auto sampler. Separation was carried out using acetone, triethyl amine, water, chloroform and ethyl acetate as a mobile phase in different ratios. The Rf values of separated compounds were 0.51 ± 0.01 and 0.62 ± 0.01 for ceftriaxone sodium and ceftriaxone (E)-isomer respectively. The method was validated by studying Specificity, Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, Robustness, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) and Solution stability. The developed method was successfully, sensitive, simple, precise, accurate, robust and applicable for the simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone sodium and ceftriaxone (E)-isomer in powder for injection formulation.

Linear and Polyvalent Peptides with Potent Antimicrobial Activity Against Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Clinical Isolates.

Peptides containing the sequences 20RRWQWR25 and 20RRWQWRMKKLG30 derived from Bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) were synthesized and their antibacterial effect against reference strains and sensitive and resistant clinical isolates of E. coli was evaluated. Tetra-branched multiple antigen peptide (MAP) ((RRWQWR)2-K-Ahx-C)2 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against sensitive, resistant, and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. coli. Peptide 3: RRWQWR-Nal-KKLG; MIC=16 µM, 26[F]: (RRWQWRFKKLG)2-K-Ahx; MIC=15 µM, 17: (RRWQWRFK)2-K-Ahx; MIC=9 µM, and LfcinB (20-25)2: (RRWQWR)2-K-Ahx; MIC=11 µM exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli strains, with bactericidal effect and haemolytic effect at MIC less than 5% and a therapeutic index >1. A synergistic effect of peptides 26[F] and 17 with ciprofloxacin (CIP) or ceftriaxone (CEF) was observed. Prolonged treatment of E. coli ATCC 25922 with sublethal concentrations of CIP induced resistance in this strain, whereas some peptides did not induce resistance. These peptides can be considered to be promising candidates for treating infections caused by resistant strains of E. coli.

Multigeographic clinical assessment of a molecular diagnostic assay for detection of key codons to predict decreased susceptibility or resistance to cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Cephalosporin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has severely compromised the efficacy of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended therapies. This study aimed to methodologically evaluate the optimized Six-CodonPlus assay, and additionally conducted a multicenter evaluation to assess its clinical application, especially for predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). For methodological evaluation, 397 sequence-known N. gonorrhoeae isolates were evaluated for specificity, 17 nongonococcal isolates were assessed for cross-reactivity, 159 uncultured urogenital swabs and urine samples were evaluated for sensitivity at the clinical level. For multicenter evaluation, 773 isolates with confirmed phenotypic data and 718 clinical urogenital swabs collected from four geographical cities were, respectively, utilized for the evaluation of AMR-prediction strategies and the clinical application of the assay. The assay accurately identified specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in resistance-associated genes, the detection limits dropped to 10 copies/reaction for individual targets. The specificity reached 100% and no cross-reactivity occurred with double-target confirmation. The assay could be directly applied to clinical samples containing over 20 copies/reaction. Multicenter evaluation formulated two optimal strategies for decreased susceptibility prediction in specific scenarios, and one tactic for prediction of resistance and identification of FC428-like strains. High sensitivity of 86.84% (95% CI, 71.11-95.05) and specificity of 99.59% (95% CI, 98.71-99.89) for resistance prediction were demonstrated for ceftriaxone (CRO). Regarding N. gonorrhoeae identification among multicenter swabs, specificity reached 97.53% (95% CI, 95.49-98.69), and sensitivity reached 93.77% (95% CI, 90.04-96.22). The Six-CodonPlus assay exhibited excellent detection performance and formulated optimal AMR-related prediction strategy with regional adaptability, providing critical information for population screening and clinical treatment.

Therapeutic Potential of Insect Defensin DLP4 Against Staphylococcus hyicus-Infected Piglet Exudative Epidermitis

Background/Objectives: The emergence of resistance to Staphylococcus hyicus (S. hyicus), the major cause of exudative epidermatitis (EE) in piglets, has led to the need for new antimicrobial agents. The study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of the insect defensin DLP4 against EE in piglets caused by clinically isolated S. hyicus ACCC 61734. Methods and Results: DLP4 showed strong antibacterial activity against S. hyicus ACCC 61734 (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC: 0.92 μM, median effect concentration, EC50: 3.158 μM). DLP4 could effectively inhibit the formation of S. hyicus early biofilm with an inhibition rate of 95.10–98.34% and eradicate mature biofilm with a clearance rate of 82.09–86.41%, which was significantly superior to that of ceftriaxone sodium (CRO). Meanwhile, DLP4 could efficiently inhibit bacteria in early and mature biofilm, killing up to 95.3% of bacteria in early biofilm and 87.2–90.3% of bacteria in mature biofilm. The results showed that DLP4 could be effective in alleviating the clinical symptoms of EE by down-regulating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, balancing cytokines, inhibiting bacterial proliferation, and reducing organ tissue damage. Conclusions: This study firstly demonstrated the potential efficacy of DLP4 against EE caused by S. hyicus ACCC 61734 infection in piglets, which may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in treating EE.

Resveratrol and ceftriaxone encapsulated in hybrid nanoparticles to prevent dopaminergic neurons from degeneration for Parkinson's disease treatment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of phospholipid-polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling of dopaminergic neurons in degenerated brain. Resveratrol (RES)- and ceftriaxone (CEF)-entrapped PNPs with surface leptin (Lep) and transferrin (Tf) were fabricated to rescue both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-insulted SH-SY5Y cells and Wistar rats. Based on PNPs, anti-apoptosis of RES and CEF, and targeting of Lep and Tf were investigated. Experimental results revealed that 20–30 % alginic acid (Alg) yielded the maximal particle size, physical stability and entrapment efficiency of CEF, and the minimal release percentage of CEF. Increasing Alg content in PNPs decreased the entrapment efficiency of RES, and facilitated the release of RES. Optimized PNP composition was about 40 % Alg, 15 % phosphatidylserine and 45 % poly-ε-caprolactone. Lep-Tf-PNPs ameliorated brain permeability of RES and CEF without jeopardizing the blood-brain barrier, and promoted the viability of MPP+-insulted SH-SY5Y cells. Immunofluorescence images and western blots of MPP+-insulted SH-SY5Y cells showed that Lep-Tf-RES-CEF-PNPs upregulated dopamine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and ERK5 expressions, and downregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), α-synuclein (α-syn), phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and ERK1/2 expressions. Lep-Tf-RES-CEF-PNPs unveiled a strong capacity to recover Bcl-2, Bax, α-syn and p-tau levels from MPP+ injury in the substantia nigra of rats. Hence, Lep-Tf-RES-CEF-PNPs can retard α-syn fibril formation, prevent tau protein from phosphorylation, and moderate MAPK/ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and are promising for brain- and neuron-targeted pharmacotherapy to manage Parkinson's disease.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic characterization of Salmonella strains isolated in Hangzhou, China: a two-year study.

This study explored the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of 271 non-duplicate Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) strains, isolated mainly from adults (209/271) in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou between 2020 and 2021. Through whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics, the bacterial strains were classified into 46 serotypes and 54 sequence types (ST), with S. Enteritidis, S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, and S. Typhimurium being the most prevalent serotypes and ST11, ST34, and ST19 the most common STs. The strains isolated from adults were primarily S. Enteritidis (59/209), while from children were mainly S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- (20/62). Worryingly, 12.55% strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR), with resistance rates to cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO) and cefotaxime (CTX) of 7.38%, 9.23%, 15.87% and 16.24%, respectively, and resistance rates to levofloxacin (LEV) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) of 8.49% and 19.19%, respectively. It is worth noting that the resistance rates of CRO and CTX in children reached 30.65%. A total of 34 strains carried extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, dominated by blaCTX-M-65 (13/34) and blaCTX-M-55 (12/34); it is notable that one strain of S. Saintpaul carried both blaCTX-M-27 and blaCTX-M-55. The resistance mechanism to cephalosporins was mainly due to ESBL genes (20/43), and other genes included AmpC and β-lactamase genes. The strains resistant to quinolones mainly carried qnrS1 (27/53), and others included qnrB6, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and mutations in gyrA and parC. One strain did not carry common quinolone resistance genes but had a parC (p.T57S) mutation to cause CIP resistance. This research provides vital insights into the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of clinical S. enterica, implicating possible infection control strategies.

Preparation of Fe/S Modified Biochar Cathode and Its Mechanism for Promoting Ceftriaxone Sodium Removal in an Electro‐Fenton System

Preparation of Fe/S Modified Biochar Cathode and Its Mechanism for Promoting Ceftriaxone Sodium Removal in an Electro‐Fenton System

Lanthanide MOF-based luminescent sensor array for detection and identification of contaminants in water and biomarkers

In today's society, heavy metal ions and antibiotic contaminants have caused great harm to water systems and human health. In this study, six isostructural lanthanide metal-organic frameworks [Ln(H3imda)2(TPA)(H2O)2](Tb for CUST-881, Eu for CUST-882, Dy for CUST-883, Er for CUST-884, Nd for CUST-885, Sm for CUST-886) were constructed by selecting terephthalic acid (TPA) and 4,5-Imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3imda) and lanthanide metal ions via solvethermal method. Among them, CUST-881 and CUST-882 can selectively detect Fe3+, Cr2O72−, CrO42, and ceftriaxone sodium (CRO) in water systems and uric acid in urine. CUST-881 shows very low detection limits for these five substances. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish Fe3+, Cr2O72−, CrO42−, and CRO in water. To our knowledge, this is the first time that they have been able to be simultaneously distinguished. In addition, the possible sensing mechanism was studied through UV–visible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, and PXRD analysis. Furthermore, the probe also showed satisfactory repeatability and recovery when applied to UA samples that simulated urine. Based on the above results, lanthanide metal-organic frameworks have great potential for practical monitoring of contaminants in water environments.

Research on Compatibility of Packaging Materials of High-Risk Cephalosporin Powder Injection and Establishment of Indicator Component Evaluation Method

aims: To establish a GC-MS method for the determination of extractable substances in the stoppers of Ceftriaxone sodium bottles for injection; To establish a HPLC method for the determination of vulcanizing agent and antioxidant in Ceftriaxone sodium for injection bottle stopper and to analyze the correlation between the volatile substances of rubber stopper and the clarity of solution. objective: To establish a GC-MS method for the determination of extractable substances in the stoppers of Ceftriaxone sodium bottles for injection; To establish a HPLC method for the determination of vulcanizing agent and antioxidant in Ceftriaxone sodium for injection bottle stopper and to analyze the correlation between the volatile substances of rubber stopper and the clarity of solution. method: GC-MS method was used with capillary column Rtx-5MS (30.0 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 µm), the carrier gas was He at the flow rate of 1.8mL·min-1, the temperature of injection port was 200 ℃, shunt ratio was 10∶l, the column temperature was programmed temperature(initial column temperature was 40 ℃ and kept for 15 min, and with the speed of 10 ℃ upping to 100 ℃ and kept for 2 min, and with the speed of 25 ℃ upping to 230 ℃ and kept for 10 min), the interface temperature was 250 ℃, and the scanning range was from 29 to 600(m·z-1), and the volatile substances were using full scan. An inertsil ODS-3 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used for the HPLC analysis. The mobile phase A consisted of water containing 0.04% trifluoroacetic and the mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile containing 0.04% trifluoroacetic acid, the gradient elution was used and the flow rate was set as 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃, the detection wavelength was 210 nm and the injection volume was 10 µL. result: Antioxidant BHT(264), silicone oil and other organic compounds in rubber stopper permeated and migrated to the sample with acceleration time by GC-MS. A good linearity was observed over the range of 0.5-100 μg·mL-1(r＞0.999). The detection limits of vulcanizing agent and antioxidant were about 0.03 μg·mL-1, and the quantitation limits were about 0.1 μg·mL-1. The average recoveries (low, medium and high) of antioxidant (168, 264, 330, 1076, 1010) and vulcanizing agents (carbon disulfide, sulfur) were between 90.0% and 110.0%, and the corresponding RSD were less than 5% (n=9) by adding standard recovery experiments. The stability test showed that the antioxidant and the vulcanizing agent solution had good stability and was stable within 24 hours. conclusion: the GC-MS/HPLC method can be used for the quality control of rubber stopper of cefuroxime Sodium for Injection.The compatibility study and comprehensive evaluation system of Ceftriaxone sodium for injection packaging materials have been initially formed.

Comparative prospective cohort study of efficacy and safety according to dosage and administration of ceftriaxone for community-acquired pneumonia

IntroductionLimited prospective evidence has been accumulated regarding the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone (CTRX) based on differences in dosage and administration of the drug as empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to compare initial treatment failure, 30-day mortality, and side effects between two groups of hospitalized adult CAP patients: one receiving intravenous CTRX at 1g twice daily (1gq12hr) and the other receiving 2g once daily (2gq24hr). MethodsWe prospectively included patients with CAP admitted to our hospital between October 2010 and December 2018. We analyzed patients initially treated solely with CTRX as either 1gq12hr or 2gq24hr. The primary outcome was initial treatment failure, while secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and side effects. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used to minimize biases. ResultsAmong the 457 CAP patients, 186 patients were in the 1gq12hr group and 271 patients were in the 2gq24hr group. After IPTW analysis, no significant differences in initial treatment failure rate (2.43 % vs 4.46 %, p = 0.27) or 30-day mortality rate (2.95 % vs 6.43 %, p = 0.13) were seen between groups. A small but noteworthy tendency was noted in the frequency of side effects between the two groups (1.04 % vs 4.20 %, p = 0.08) following IPTW analysis, even though the difference was not significant. ConclusionsThis study did not find any significant difference between ceftriaxone 1gq12hr and 2gq24hr regarding efficacy or safety in adult patients with CAP. However, CTRX 1gq12hr may represent a safer option in terms of side effects.

Solubility measurement of Ceftriaxone sodium in SC-CO2 and thermodynamic modeling using PR-KM EoS and vdW mixing rules with semi-empirical models

The complete investigation of the solubility of Ceftriaxone sodium drug has not yet been conducted. This communication investigates the solubility of Ceftriaxone sodium drug in supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) for the first time. The drug solubility measurements were performed using utilizing UV–vis analysis under different operation conditions (at P (bar) = 120–270 and T (K) = 308–338). The results demonstrated that the solubility of Ceftriaxone sodium ranged from 0.90 × 10−6 to 8.01 × 10−6. The mole fraction solubility of Ceftriaxone sodium increases proportionally with an increase in the pressure, while maintaining a constant temperature. However, a crossover was noted. The solubility behavior of Ceftriaxone sodium drug in SC-CO2 was modeled by Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EoS) with Kwak-Mansoori and van der Waals mixing rules and seven semi-empirical correlations (Bian et al., Kumar-Johnston, Chrastil, Garlapati-Madras, Bartle et al., Sung-Shim and Sodeifian et al.,). The vaporization, total and solvation enthalpies of the Ceftriaxone sodium/SC-carbon dioxide system were obtained by KJ, Chrastil, and Bartle et al. correlations. The evaluation of two methods was performed by absolute average relative deviation (AARD%). Both models exhibited a satisfactory level of agreement with the experimental data. Finally, PR/KM EoS and the Chrastil models, with AARD% values of 8.70 % and 8.10 % respectively, showed superior precision in accurately fitting the solubility data.

Controllable synthesis of porous boron nitride fibers modified by cobalt and nickel oxides for efficient ceftriaxone sodium adsorption from aqueous solution.

Antibiotics can easily enter the water environment through direct or indirect approach, causing environmental pollution and endangering the health of organisms. Therefore, development of highly efficient adsorbent materials to adsorb and remove antibiotics is necessary. Here, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide are uniformly and tightly bonded on the surface of porous boron nitride fibers (PBNFs-NiCo), significantly increasing the number of functional groups (B-O and N-H) and hydrogen bond receptors within PBNFs. The total pore volume and specific surface area of resulting PBNFs-NiCo can reach up to 0.48 cm3/g and 720.3 m2/g, respectively. Encouraged by the unique micromorphology and chemical composition mentioned above, PBNFs-NiCo exhibits excellent ceftriaxone sodium (CS) adsorption ability, showing the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency up to 410.9 mg/g and 96.5%, respectively. Chemical adsorption plays an important role in their adsorption behavior, abiding by Langmuir adsorption theory and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Importantly, PBNFs-NiCo exhibits fascinating adsorption effects in surroundings with pH ranging from 4 to 6, 25 °C and varying salt concentrations. This work would establish a practical and feasible foundation for the practical application of PBNFs-NiCo for CS adsorption in aqueous solution.

Removal of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime antibiotics from industrial wastewater via complexation with Cu(II).

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with UV detection is described for determination of ceftriaxone sodium (CFX) and cefotaxime sodium (CFM) content in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. These methods are based on the detection of these antibiotics via the formation of chelate complexes with Cu(II). The developed Liquid Chromatographic method offers symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both drugs. The removal percentage reached about 100 and 92.1% at pH 7.2 for CFX and CFM, respectively. In UV detection, the removal of the chelating antibiotics were based on forming of chelate complexes with Cu(II) which detected at λmax = 253 and 244nm for CFX and CFM, respectively. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 5.99-59.86µgmL-1 for CFX and 14.33-71.63 µgmL-1 for CFM. The proposed method can be used for the quality control of industrial wastewater containing CFX and CFM.

Combination of High-Dose Daptomycin and Ceftriaxone for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A 10-Year Experience

PurposeCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are increasingly common. Gram-positive bacteria such as coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most commonly involved pathogens. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome of patients with CIED infections who underwent device removal and were empirically treated with high dose (8–12 mg/kg daily) daptomycin (DAP) in combination with ceftriaxone (CRO). MethodsRetrospective, single center study including patients admitted at IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy), from June 2011 to June 2021, who underwent device removal for CIED infection and were empirically treated with DAP/CRO. FindingsOverall, 147 patients were included in this study. Median duration of therapy was 16 days (IQR 14–26). Empirical treatment with DAP/CRO was confirmed as definitive treatment in 140 patients (95.2%). In 7 (4.8%) patients DAP/CRO were discontinued according to the definite microbiological isolates: Corynebacterium spp. (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Enterobacter cloacae (1). Ten patients (6.8%) underwent treatment simplification to narrow-spectrum antibiotics. One patient (0.6%) interrupted DAP-CRO due to pancytopenia.6-month follow-up was available for 123/147 patients (83.7%): 9 patients recurred with a CIED infection (7.3%), and 9 died (7.3%). ImplicationsIn our 10-year experience, high-dose DAP in combination with CRO represented a good option for empirical therapy of CIED infections. DAP-CRO combination was safe and effective, showing no significant drug-related adverse events and low rates of 6-month recurrence and mortality.

Personalizing the empiric treatment of gonorrhea using machine learning models.

Despite the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the treatment of gonorrhea remains empiric and according to standardized guidelines, which are informed by the national prevalence of resistant strains. Yet, the prevalence of AMR varies substantially across geographic and demographic groups. We investigated whether data from the national surveillance system of AMR gonorrhea in the US could be used to personalize the empiric treatment of gonorrhea. We used data from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project collected between 2000-2010 to train and validate machine learning models to identify resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP), one of the recommended first-line antibiotics until 2007. We used these models to personalize empiric treatments based on sexual behavior and geographic location and compared their performance with standardized guidelines, which recommended treatment with CIP, ceftriaxone (CRO), or cefixime (CFX) between 2005-2006, and either CRO or CFX between 2007-2010. Compared with standardized guidelines, the personalized treatments could have replaced 33% of CRO and CFX use with CIP while ensuring that 98% of patients were prescribed effective treatment during 2005-2010. The models maintained their performance over time and across geographic regions. Predictive models trained on data from national surveillance systems of AMR gonorrhea could be used to personalize the empiric treatment of gonorrhea based on patients' basic characteristics at the point of care. This approach could reduce the unnecessary use of newer antibiotics while maintaining the effectiveness of first-line therapy.

A novel electrochemical sensor (Au-Ag-ANCCs/r-GO/poly(L-histidine)/GCE) for the simultaneous determination of vancomycin and ceftriaxone residues in chicken meat, fish, and milk samples

The widespread use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the accumulation of their residues in food and the environment, posing significant threats to human health, the environment, and the global economy. Herein, we have developed a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor by integrating gold-silver alloy nanocoral clusters (Au-Ag-ANCCs) with reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and poly(L-histidine) composites at the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The developed sensor (Au-Ag-ANCCs/r-GO/poly(L-histidine)/GCE) was designed for the simultaneous determination of vancomycin (VAN) and ceftriaxone (CFT) residues in food samples. Its morphological and electrochemical properties were exhaustively examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, EIS, and CV. The sensor showed exceptional performance in a linear range of 1.0 pM to 120 μM for VAN and 1.0 pM to 290 μM for CFT. The limits of detection were 0.11 pM for VAN and 0.017 pM for CFT, while the limits of quantification were 0.36 pM for VAN and 0.057 pM for CFT. The sensor exhibited remarkable reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity. It was successfully applied to detect VAN and CFT residues in chicken meat, fish, and milk, achieving recoveries of 96.2–102.1 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5 %. Therefore, the sensor is an ideal tool for addressing the global antibiotic residue crisis in food samples.

Rapid detection of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella by matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with the ratio of optical density

BackgroundThe increased resistance rate of Salmonella to third-generation cephalosporins represented by ceftriaxone (CRO) may result in the failure of the empirical use of third-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of Salmonella infection in children. The present study was conducted to evaluate a novel method for the rapid detection of CRO-resistant Salmonella (CRS).MethodsWe introduced the concept of the ratio of optical density (ROD) with and without CRO and combined it with matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to establish a new protocol for the rapid detection of CRS.ResultsThe optimal incubation time and CRO concentration determined by the model strain test were 2 h and 8 µg/ml, respectively. We then conducted confirmatory tests on 120 clinical strains. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the ROD cutoff value for distinguishing CRS and non-CRS strains was 0.818 [area under the curve: 1.000; 95% confidence interval: 0.970–1.000; sensitivity: 100.00%; specificity: 100%; P < 10− 3].ConclusionsIn conclusion, the protocol for the combined ROD and MALDI-TOF MS represents a rapid, accurate, and economical method for the detection of CRS.

Adverse Events Comparison of Double Beta-Lactam Combinations for Bloodstream Infections: Ampicillin plus Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Cloxacillin.

In Japan, only ampicillin/cloxacillin (ABPC/MCIPC) is available as an anti-staphylococcal penicillin-based treatment for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. However, the incidence of adverse events associated with double beta-lactam administration remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the adverse events of double beta-lactam administration in patients with bacteremia. Adult patients (≥18 years) with bacteremia treated with ABPC, ABPC + ceftriaxone (CTRX), or ABPC/MCIPC were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of adverse events such as acute kidney injury, liver dysfunction, and myelosuppression. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used for bivariate analysis. Propensity score (PS) matching was conducted to adjust for confounding factors. We included 277 ABPC-, 57 ABPC + CTRX-, and 43 ABPC/MCIPC-treated patients. Significant differences were noted in age, number of male patients, proportion of patients with qSOFA score ≥2, incidence of chronic kidney disease, treatment duration, mechanical ventilation use, vasopressor use, and proportion of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) KDIGO grade ≥2. Further, a significant difference was observed between ABPC and ABPC/MCIPC, with a hazard ratio of 1.83 in AKI. In the PS-matched cohort, AKI incidence associated with ABPC/MCIPC was significantly higher than that associated with ABPC. ABPC + CTRX may be safe, whereas ABPC/MCIPC presents a higher risk of AKI and may not be suitable.

Simultaneous removal of CTRX and Cr(Ⅵ) by CQDs-doped bifunctional molecular imprinted BiOCl/Bi3NbO7 photocatalyst: The enhanced selective performance and charge separation abilities

As a commonly used additive in breeding industry, the complex pollutants and metabolites formed by antibiotics and heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater have the characteristics of strong persistence, refractory degradation and easy accumulation, and exist in the environment and human body for a long time, which caused seriously ecological, environmental and health problems. Their effective removal studies are very essential. In this paper, a CQDs-doped bifunctional molecular imprinted BiOCl/Bi3NbO7 heterojunction photocatalyst (CQDs-MIP-BNO) was fabricated and the micromorphology along with photoelectric characteristics were explored by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV-Vis and PL analysis. The photocatalytic performance experiments implied that 10 % doping of CQDs showed the highest selectivity and photocatalytic activity for the 94 % removal rate of Ceftriaxone Sodium (CTRX) and 80 % of Cr (VI) within 45 min. On this basis, a photocatalytic reactor loaded with the as-synthesized bifunctional catalyst through a sponge mesh covered with CS/PVA film was set up and the actual operation potential was further explored. The results showed that the enhanced removal performance of this bifunctional photocatalyst for CTRX and Cr(VI) made it feasible to efficiently remove one or more low-concentration, high-toxicity antibiotics and heavy-metal pollutants from the water column to validate the utility of combining molecular imprinting and photocatalytic technologies for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater.

Ceftriaxone photodegradation in wastewater using AgCuFe2O4/ZnO Almond-like heterogeneous nanocatalyst anchored on multi walled carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, characterization, mechanism study, and bioassay effluent

This study investigated the Ceftriaxone (CFT) degradation by photocatalytic process using AgCuFe2O4@MWCNT/ZnO as novel nanophotocatalyst. Firstly, the catalyst was prepared by microwave-assisted chemical coprecipitation method as a simple, fast, and green procedure with high efficiency. FESEM, EDS, Mapping, Line scan, FTIR, XRD, BET, DRS, PL, TGA, and VSM analyzes was carried out to identify the characteristics of the AgCuFe2O4@MWCNT/ZnO. The effect of key operational parameters for CFT photodegradation including solution pH, catalyst dosage, CFT concentration, and irradiation time was elaborated. Under optimal photocatalytic conditions (pH 7, 5 mg/L of CFT concentration, catalyst dosage of 0.24 g/L, and 60 minutes of irradiation) removal efficiency reached 90.1 % in synthetic samples and 75 % in real wastewater samples. •OH and •O2– are the dominant generated reactive oxygen species in the process. The kinetic study of the process revealed that the CFT degradation process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Langmuir-Hinshelwood models with kc = 0.412 mg/L.min and kL-H =0.053 L/mg. Photocatalytic process indicated a powerful ability for mineralization of CFT (85.31 % of COD degradation). After four catalyst recovery cycles, the CFT degradation efficiency was achieved by 58.14 %, demonstrating the catalyst's recovery capability and chemical stability. The results of toxicity assessment using lettuce and basil seeds germination indicated a significant detoxification of CFT-containing effluent compared to the untreated CFT-containing wastewater. This study offers AgCuFe2O4@MWCNT/ZnO as effective, stable, and competitive catalyst for hastening and enhancing the photocatalytic process to mitigate environmentally related pollutants of high concern.