CDF Data Research Articles

W -boson mass, electroweak precision tests, and SMEFT

Recently the CDF collaboration at the Tevatron reported a significant discrepancy between the direct measurement of the $W$-boson mass and its Standard Model (SM) prediction based on electroweak precision tests (EWPTs). In this paper we explore the potential origin of this discrepancy from physics beyond the SM. Explicitly, we work on a set of six-dimensional operators in the SM effective field theory (SMEFT) which are relevant to the EWPTs. By fitting to the data, we demonstrate that an upward shift in $m_W$ is driven by the operator $\mathcal{O}_{T}=\frac{1}{2}(H^{\dagger}\overset{\text{$\leftrightarrow$}}{D}_{\mu}H)^2$ with a coefficient $c_T ({\rm TeV}/\Lambda)^2 \gtrsim 0.01$. This suggests that the new physics scale favored by the CDF data should be multiple TeV for tree-level effects and sub TeV for loop-level effects. One simple example is to introduce a hypercharge-free electroweak triplet scalar which can raise the $c_T$ value at tree level. We also study the potential to further test the relevant SMEFT by measuring Higgs-coupling, $m_W$ and other EWPTs at future circular $e^-e^+$ colliders.

Joint explanation of W-mass and muon g–2 in the 2HDM* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11975013, 12105248, 11821505, 12075300, 12075213), Peng-Huan-Wu Theoretical Physics Innovation Center (12047503), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP), and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB15)

Because both W-mass and muon can be affected by mass splittings among extra Higgs bosons in a two-Higgs-doublet model, we take a model with μ-τ lepton flavor violation interactions to examine the two anomalies reported by CDF II and FNAL. We obtain the following observations: (i) Combined with theoretical constraints, the CDF W-mass measurement disfavors H or A degenerating in mass with but allows H and A to degenerate. The mass splitting between and must be larger than 10 GeV. and are favored to be smaller than 650 GeV for GeV and allowed to have larger values with increasing . (ii) After imposing other relevant experimental constraints, there are parameter spaces that simultaneously satisfy (at the level) the CDF W-mass, FNAL muon , and data on lepton universality in τ decays; however, the mass splittings among extra Higgs bosons are strictly constrained.

Modelling the effect of catena position and hydrology on soil chemical weathering

Abstract. The sensitivity of chemical weathering to climatic and erosional forcing is well established at regional scales. However, soil formation is known to vary strongly along catenas where topography, hydrology, and vegetation cause differences in soil properties and, possibly, chemical weathering. This study applies the SoilGen model to evaluate the link between the topographic position and hydrology with the chemical weathering of soil profiles on a north–south catena in southern Spain. We simulated soil formation in seven selected locations over a 20 000-year period and compared it against field measurements. There was good agreement between simulated and measured chemical depletion fraction (CDF; R2=0.47). An important variation in CDF values along the catena was observed that is better explained by the hydrological variables than by the position along the catena alone or by the slope gradient. A positive trend between CDF data and soil moisture and infiltration and a negative trend with water residence time was found. This implies that these hydrological variables are good predictors of the variability in soil properties. The model sensitivity was evaluated with a large precipitation gradient (200–1200 mm yr−1). The model results show an increase in the chemical weathering of the profiles up to a mean annual precipitation value of 800 mm yr−1, after which it drops again. A marked depth gradient was obtained for CDF up to 800 mm yr−1, and a uniform depth distribution was obtained with precipitation above this threshold. This threshold reflects a change in behaviour, where the higher soil moisture and infiltration lead to shorter water transit times and decreased weathering. Interestingly, this corroborates similar findings on the relation of other soil properties to precipitation and should be explored in further research.

Does decentralization encourage pro-poor targeting? Evidence from Kenya’s constituencies development fund

Decentralization is thought to facilitate poverty reduction by giving power over resource distribution to officials with local knowledge about where resources are most needed. However, decentralization also implies less oversight and greater opportunities for local officials to divert resources for political or personal ends. We investigate this tradeoff by exploring the degree to which Kenya’s premier decentralized development program—the Constituency Development Fund–targets the poor. Using a detailed spatial dataset of 32,000 CDF projects and data on the local distribution of poverty within Kenyan constituencies, we find that most MPs do not target the poor in their distribution of CDF projects. In places where they do, this tends to be in constituencies that are more rural, not too large, and, in keeping with the findings in Harris and Posner (2019), where the poor and non-poor are spatially segregated from one another. Our analyses suggest that the poor are underserved not just because politicians lack incentives to target them with development resources but because the poor are challenging to reach. In addition to these substantive findings, we also make a methodological contribution by underscoring how aggregation to the administrative unit may truncate important variation within geographic areas, and how a point-level analysis may avoid this pitfall.

Magnetic observations from CryoSat-2: calibration and processing of satellite platform magnetometer data

We describe and discuss the preprocessing and calibration steps applied to the magnetic data measured by the three “platform magnetometers” on-board the CryoSat-2 satellite. The calibration is performed by comparing the magnetometer sensor readings with magnetic field values for the time and position of the satellite as given by the CHAOS-6 geomagnetic field model. We allow for slow temporal variations of the calibration parameters by solving for scale values, offsets, and non-orthogonalities in monthly bins, and account for non-linearities as well as the magnetic disturbances caused by battery, solar panel and magnetorquer currents. Fully calibrated magnetic vector data, together with time and position, are provided as daily files in CDF data format at swarm-diss.eo.esa.int. The data show good agreement with Swarm satellite magnetic measurements during close encounters (rms difference between 1 and 5 nT for inter-satellite distances below 300 km).

Recent evolutions in the LTDP CDF project

In the latest years, CNAF (the national center of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics INFN dedicated to Research and Development on Information and Communication Technologies) has been working on the Long Term Data Preservation (LTDP) project for the CDF experiment, active at Fermilab from 1990 to 2011. The main aims of the project are to protect the most relevant part of the CDF RUN-2 data collected between 2001 and 2011 and already stored on tape at CNAF (4 PB), as well as to ensure the availability and the access to the analysis facility to those data over time. Lately, the CDF database, hosting information about CDF datasets such as their structure, file locations and metadata, has been imported from Fermilab to CNAF. Also, the Sequential Access via Metadata (SAM) station data handling tool for CDF data management, that allows to manage data transfers and to retrieve information from the CDF database, has been properly installed and configured at CNAF. This was a fundamental step in the perspective of a complete decommissioning of CDF services on Fermilab side. An access system has been designed and tested to submit CDF analysis jobs, using CDF software distributed via CERN Virtual Machine File System (CVMFS) and requesting delivery of CDF files stored on CNAF tapes, as well as data present only on Fermilab storage archive. Moreover, the availability and the correctness of all CDF data stored on CNAF tapes has been verified. This paper describes all these recent evolutions in detail, presenting the future plans for the LTDP project at CNAF.

Interpretation of the Magnetic Measurements of the Swarm-A Satellite over Central Europe

Our paper discusses the determination of total magnetic field anomalies derived from the Swarm-A satellite data; one of two low orbiting satellites of the three Swarm formations. This procedure requires several modifications. The first step is the conversion of the measured CDF data to the ASCII format. This step is followed for the selection of the data with K_p index ≤ 1₊. The anomalies are determined by the removal of the IGRF from the resulting satellite data. There are two Swarm-A data sets descending (6000) orbits and ascending (5688) orbits. For our study the descending orbits were used. The calculations next step is to difference of the two-dimensional linear field Figure 3 fitted to the Swarm-A anomalies and the anomalies given in Figure 2. These anomalies are filtered by Gaussian low-pass filter. The last step of the corrections is the remove the direct component, zero spatial frequency, from the descending orbits. The anomalies and their vertical gradients are qualitatively interpreted over Central Europe and the Pannonian Basin.

Bottomonia production and polarization in the NRQCD with k_T-factorization. I: Upsilon (3S) and chi _b(3P) mesons

The Upsilon (3S) production and polarization at high energies is studied in the framework of k_T-factorization approach. Our consideration is based on the non-relativistic QCD formalism for bound states formation and off-shell production amplitudes for hard partonic subprocesses. The transverse momentum dependent (TMD, or unintegrated) gluon densities in a proton were derived from the Ciafaloni-Catani-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation as well as from the Kimber–Martin–Ryskin (KMR) prescription. Treating the non-perturbative color octet transitions in terms of the multipole radiation theory and taking into account feed-down contributions from radiative chi _b(3P) decays, we extract the corresponding non-perturbative matrix elements for Upsilon (3S) and chi _b(3P) mesons from a combined fit to Upsilon (3S) transverse momenta distributions measured by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations at the LHC energies sqrt{s} = 7 and 13 TeV and central rapidities. Then we apply the extracted values to describe the CDF and LHCb data on Upsilon (3S) production and to investigate the polarization parameters lambda _theta , lambda _phi and lambda _{theta phi }, which determine the Upsilon (3S) spin density matrix. Our predictions have a good agreement with the currently available data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties.

The probabilistic analysis of fatigue crack effect based on magnetic flux leakage

In this paper, probabilistic analysis on the fatigue crack effect was investigated by applying the Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) method, based on Self-Magnetic Leakage Field (SMLF) signals on the surface of metal components. The precision of MMM signals is essential in identifying the validity of the proposed method. The tension-tension fatigue test was conducted using the testing frequency of 10 Hz with 4 kN loaded, and the MMM signals were captured using the MMM instrument. As a result, a linear relationship was observed between the magnetic flux leakage and cyclic loading parameter, presenting the R-squared value at 0.72-0.97. The 2P-Weibull distribution function was used as a probabilistic approach to identify the precision of the data analysis from the predicted, and experimental fatigue lives, thereby showing that all points are placed within the range of a factor of 2. Additionally, the characteristics of PDF, CDF, failure rate and failure probability data analysis were plotted and described. Therefore, a 2P-Weibull probability distribution approach is determined to be an appropriate method to determine the accuracy of data analysis for MMM signals in a fatigue test for metal components.

Last developments of the INFN CNAF Long Term Data Preservation (LTDP) project: the CDF data recover and safekeeping

The INFN CNAF Tier-1 has become the Italian national data center for the INFN computing activities since 2005. As one of the reference sites for data storage and computing provider in the High Energy Physics (HEP) community it offers resources to all the four LHC experiments and many other HEP and non-HEP collaborations. The CDF experiment has used the INFN Tier-1 resources for many years and, after the end of data taking in 2011, it faced the challenge to both preserve the large amount of scientific data produced and give the possibility to access and reuse the whole information in the future using the specific computing model. For this reason starting from the end of 2012 the CDF Italian collaboration, together with the INFN CNAF and Fermilab (FNAL), introduced a Long Term Data Preservation (LTDP) project with the purpose of preserving and sharing all the CDF data and the related analysis framework and knowledge. This is particularly challenging since part of the software releases is no longer supported and the amount of data to be preserved is rather large. The first objective of the collaboration was the copy of all the CDF RUN-2 raw data and user level ntuples (about 4 PB) from FNAL to the INFN CNAF tape library backend using a dedicated network link. This task was successfully accomplished during the last years and, in addition, a system to implement regular integrity check of data has been developed. This system ensures that all the data are completely accessible and it can automatically retrieve an identical copy of problematic or corrupted file from the original dataset at FNAL. The setup of a dedicated software framework, which allows users to access and analyse the data with the complete CDF analysis chain, was also carried out with the addition of users and system administrators detailed documentation for the long-term future. Furthermore a second and more ambitious objective emerged during 2016 with a feasibility study for reading the first CDF RUN-1 dataset now stored as an unique copy in a huge amount (about 4000) of old Exabyte tape cartridges. With the installation of compatible refurbished tape drive autoloaders an initial test bed was completed and the first phase of the Exabyte tapes reading activity started. In the present article, we will illustrate the state of the art of the LTDP project with a particular attention to the technical solutions adopted in order to store and maintain the CDF data and the analysis framework, and to overcome the issues that have arisen during the recent activities. The CDF model could also prove useful for designing new data preservation projects for other experiments or use cases.

Asymmetries of the B→K*μ+μ− decay and the search of new physics beyond the standard model

In this paper, we compute the forward-backward asymmetry and the isospin asymmetry of the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay. The $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}$ transition form factors (TFFs) are key components of the decay. To achieve a more accurate QCD prediction, we adopt a chiral correlator for calculating the QCD light cone sum rules for those TFFs with the purpose of suppressing the uncertain high-twist distribution amplitudes. Our predictions show that the asymmetries under the standard model and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with minimal flavor violation are close in shape for ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\ge}6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ and are consistent with the Belle, LHCb, and CDF data within errors. When ${q}^{2}<2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, their predictions behave quite differently. Thus, a careful study on the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay within the small ${q}^{2}$ region could be helpful for searching new physics beyond the standard model. As a further application, we also apply the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}$ TFFs to the branching ratio and longitudinal polarization fraction of the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decay within different models.

Reconciling charmonium production and polarization data in the midrapidity region at hadron colliders within the nonrelativistic QCD framework**Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11405268, 11647113, 11705034)

A thorough study reveals that the only key parameter for ψ (J/ψ, ψ′) polarization at hadron colliders is the ratio , if the velocity scaling rule holds. A slight variation of this parameter results in substantial change of the ψ polarization. We find that with equally good description of the yield data, this parameter can vary significantly. Fitting the yield data is therefore incapable of determining this parameter, and consequently, of determining the ψ polarization. We provide a universal approach to fixing the long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs) for J/ψ and ψ′ production. Further, with the existing data, we implement this approach, obtain a favorable set of the LDMEs, and manage to reconcile the charmonia production and polarization experiments, except for two sets of CDF data on J/ψ polarization.

Measurement of the inclusive-isolated prompt-photon cross section in pp¯ collisions using the full CDF data set

A measurement of the inclusive production cross section of isolated prompt photons in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy s=1.96 TeV is presented. The results are obtained using the full Run II data sample collected with the Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9.5 fb−1. The cross section is measured as a function of photon transverse energy, ETγ, in the range 30<ETγ<500 GeV and in the pseudorapidity region |ηγ|<1.0. The results are compared with predictions from parton-shower Monte Carlo models at leading order in QCD and from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations. The latter show good agreement with the measured cross section.Received 1 March 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.092003© 2017 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasParticle phenomenaParticles & Fields

Minimal NCSM Direct Photon Production in Proton-antiproton Collisions

In this paper, we present the results of our calculations for the direct photons with proton-antiproton collision in Minimal Non-Commutative Standard Model at a center-of-mass energy √ s = 1.96 Tev. The analytical expression of the differential cross section of the two subprocesses is deduced after applying a series of rotation from the equatorial coordinates system to the laboratory frame. Subsequently, we have calculated the inclusive cross section in both space-space and space-time cases independently, by averaging over all unknown angles except the scattering angle and the colatitudes γ of electric-like vector $\vec {\theta }_{E}$ and magnetic-like vector $\vec {\theta }_{B}$ . Thus, comparison with the experimental CDF data of Tevatron allowed us to deduce two larges bounds on the non-commutativity parameter: $$ {\Lambda}_{bound}^{space-space} =449.93\pm 29.20\text{GeV} $$ and ${\Lambda }_{bound}^{space-time} =459.83\pm 16.40\text { GeV}$ . Moreover, the analysis between the difference experiment-theory and the purely non-commutative contribution, for γ varying between 0 ∘ to 90 ∘, allowed us to deduce a Pearson correlation coefficient: 0,58 ≤ ρ s p a c e−s p a c e ≤0,64 and 0,55 ≤ ρ s p a c e−t i m e ≤0,61. We deduce that the perpendicular to the earth rotation axis, given by γ = 90∘, is the preferred orientation of $\vec {\theta }_{E}$ and $\vec {\theta }_{B}$ .

Different pole structures in line shapes of the X(3872)

We introduce a near-threshold parameterization that is more general than the effective-range expansion up to and including the effective range because it can also handle a near-threshold zero in the D^0bar{D}^{*0}S-wave. In terms of it we analyze the CDF data on inclusive pbar{p} scattering to J/psi pi ^+pi ^-, and the Belle and BaBar data on B decays to K, J/psi pi ^+pi ^- and K Dbar{D}^{*0} around the D^0bar{D}^{*0} threshold. It is shown that data can be reproduced with similar quality for X(3872) being a bound and/or a virtual state. We also find that X(3872) might be a higher-order virtual-state pole (double or triplet pole), in the limit in which the small D^{*0} width vanishes. Once the latter is restored the corrections to the pole position are non-analytic and much bigger than the D^{*0} width itself. The X(3872) compositeness coefficient in D^0bar{D}^{*0} ranges from nearly 0 up to 1 in the different scenarios.

Extracting the QCD ΛMS¯ parameter in Drell–Yan process using Collins–Soper–Sterman approach

In this work, we directly fit the QCD dimensional transmutation parameter, [Formula: see text], to experimental data of Drell–Yan (DY) observables. For this purpose, we first obtain the evolution of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) up to the next-to-next-to-leading logarithm (NNLL) approximation based on Collins–Soper–Sterman (CSS) formalism. As is expecting the TMDPDFs are appearing at larger values of transverse momentum by increasing the energy scales and also the order of approximation. Then we calculate the cross-section related to the TMDPDFs in the DY process. As a consequence of global fitting to the five sets of experimental data at different low center-of-mass energies and one set at high center-of-mass energy, using CETQ06 parametrizations as our boundary condition, we obtain [Formula: see text] MeV corresponding to the renormalized coupling constant [Formula: see text] which is within the acceptable range for this quantity. The goodness of [Formula: see text] shows the results for DY cross-section are in good agreement with different experimental sets, containing E288, E605 and R209 at low center-of-mass energies and [Formula: see text], CDF data at high center-of-mass energy. The repeated calculations, using HERAPDFs parametrizations is yielding us numerical values for fitted parameters very close to what we obtain using CETQ06 PDFs set. This indicates that the obtained results have enough stability by variations in the boundary conditions.

ψ(2S)andϒ(3S)hadroproduction in the parton Reggeization approach: Yield, polarization, and the role of fragmentation

The hadroproduction of the radially excited heavy-quarkonium states $\psi(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$ at high energies is studied in the parton reggeization approach and the factorization formalism of nonrelativistic QCD at lowest order in the strong-coupling constant $\alpha_s$ and the relative heavy-quark velocity $v$. A satisfactory description of the $\psi(2S)$ transverse-momentum ($p_T$) distributions measured by ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{S}=7$ TeV is obtained using the color-octet long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs) extracted from CDF data at $\sqrt{S}=1.96$ TeV. The importance of the fragmentation mechanism and the scale evolution of the fragmentation functions in the upper $p_T$ range, beyond 30 GeV, is demonstrated. The $\Upsilon(3S)$ $p_T$ distributions measured by CDF at $\sqrt{S}=1.8$ TeV and by LHCb at $\sqrt{S}=7$ TeV and forward rapidities are well described using LDMEs fitted to ATLAS data at $\sqrt{S}=7$ TeV. Comparisons of polarization measurements by CDF and CMS at large $p_T$ values with our predictions consolidate the familiar problem in the $\psi(2S)$ case, but yield reasonable agreement in the $\Upsilon(3S)$ case.

Momentum distribution of charged particles in jets in dijet events and comparison to perturbative QCD predictions

Inclusive momentum distributions of charged particles are measured in dijet events. Events were produced at the AMY detector with a centre of mass energy of 60 GeV. Our results were compared, on the one hand to those obtained from other e+e−, ep as well as CDF data, and on the other hand to the perturbative QCD calculations carried out in the framework of the modified leading log approximation (MLLA) and assuming local parton–hadron duality (LPHD). A fit of the shape of the distributions yields Qeff = 263±13 MeV for the AMY data. In addition, a fit to the evolution of the peak position with dijet mass using all data from different experiments gives Qeff = 226±18 MeV. Next, αs was extracted using the shape of the distribution at the Z0 scale, with a value of 0.118 ± 0.013. This is consistent, within the statistical errors, with many accurate measurements. We conclude that it is the success of LPHD + MLLA that the extracted value of αs is correct. Possible explanations for all these features will be presented in this paper.

Interpretation of angular distributions of Z-boson production at colliders

High precision data of dilepton angular distributions in $\gamma^*/Z$ production were reported recently by the CMS Collaboration covering a broad range of the dilepton transverse momentum, $q_T$, up to $\sim 300$ GeV. Pronounced $q_T$ dependencies of the $\lambda$ and $\nu$ parameters, characterizing the $\cos^2\theta$ and $\cos 2\phi$ angular distributions, were found. Violation of the Lam-Tung relation was also clearly observed. We show that the $q_T$ dependence of $\lambda$ allows a determination of the relative contributions of the $q \bar q$ annihilation versus the $qG$ Compton process. The violation of the Lam-Tung relation is attributed to the presence of a non-zero component of the $q - \bar q$ axis in the direction normal to the "hadron plane" formed by the colliding hadrons. The magnitude of the violation of the Lam-Tung relation is shown to reflect the amount of this `non-coplanarity". The observed $q_T$ dependencies of $\lambda$ and $\nu$ from the CMS and the earlier CDF data can be well described using this approach.

Search for an Invisible Decaying Higgs Boson in Dilepton Events at CDF

A direct search at CDF for an exotic Higgs boson that decays to invisible particles is reported. The simplest H→ invisible Standard Model (SM) process has a branching ratio of 10−3. However, Higgs boson decays to invisible particles can be significantly enhanced in many BSM models. One of the cleanest signatures in searching for this process is when the Higgs boson is produced in association with a Z boson that decays to a charged dilepton pair. In this analysis we model the ZH signal assuming the SM production cross section and a H→ invisible branching ratio of 100%. We investigate several Higgs mass hypotheses from 115 to 150 Gev/c2, and place 95% credibility level limits on Higgs boson production in this final state. The results here use the full CDF data set corresponding to 9.7 fb−1 of luminosity.