CDC Buteo Research Articles

AAC Coldfront hard red winter wheat

AAC Coldfront is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with broad adaptation and excellent performance in all production areas of western Canada. Eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat, AAC Coldfront was evaluated in the Western Canadian Winter Wheat Cooperative registration trials relative to CDC Buteo, Emerson, Moats, and AAC Elevate. Based on 32 replicated trials over 3 years (2017/2018–2019/2020), AAC Coldfront produced significantly more grain than all of the checks (108–115%) at a protein concentration similar to the check mean, suggesting an improved capacity to convert soil moisture and nutrients into grain under a wide range of western Canadian field conditions. AAC Coldfront expressed very good winter survival, medium to late maturity, short to moderate height, excellent lodging resistance, and high test weight. AAC Coldfront was rated resistant to stem, leaf, and stripe rust, intermediate in resistance to Fusarium head blight, and susceptible to common bunt. It became a check for western Canadian winter wheat registration trials in 2021/2022.

AAC Vortex hard red winter wheat

AAC Vortex is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar well-adapted to all areas of western Canada and classified for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. It was developed using doubled-haploid methodology. AAC Vortex was evaluated for registration relative to CDC Buteo, Emerson, Moats, and AAC Elevate across Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Based on 44 replicated trials over 4 y (2016/17–2019/20), AAC Vortex had significantly higher grain yield than CDC Buteo and Emerson, and higher grain protein concentration than all of the checks except Emerson. AAC Vortex expressed winter survival and lodging resistance equal to the best checks, medium maturity and height, and acceptable test weight. AAC Vortex was resistant to stem, leaf and stripe rust, moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, and susceptible to common bunt. AAC Vortex produced flour of higher protein concentration than all of the checks except Emerson, had higher clean wheat flour yield and loaf volume than all of the checks, and was similar in gluten strength to Emerson.

AAC Network hard red winter wheat

AAC Network is a semi-dwarf hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted across western Canada and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. It was developed using wheat × maize pollen doubled haploid methodology. AAC Network was evaluated in the Western Canadian Winter Wheat Cooperative registration trials relative to CDC Buteo, Emerson, Moats, and AAC Elevate for 4 yr (2016–2019). Based on 44 replicated trials, AAC Network produced grain yield similar to AAC Elevate, the highest yielding check, with a protein concentration 0.9 units higher. AAC Network had fair to good winter survival, relatively late maturity, short straw with excellent lodging resistance, and high test weight. AAC Network expressed resistance to stem and stripe rust, moderate resistance to leaf rust and common bunt, and intermediate resistance to Fusarium head blight. In addition to increased grain protein concentration, AAC Network showed improvements in gluten strength and flour water absorption, and it maintained the excellent milling yield and low flour ash attributes of the CWRW wheat class.

Influence of crop variety and fertilization on oviposition preference and larval performance of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta

AbstractThe relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance of herbivores is an essential question in the field of plant–insect interactions and may have important implications on integrated pest management practices. Here, we investigated the preference–performance relationship of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Leucaniini). We evaluated the effect of crop species, cultivars, and fertilization rate on host use by adult and larval M. unipuncta in both laboratory and field experiments. Female M. unipuncta preferred to oviposit on cereals (Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., all Poaceae) compared to oilseed (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae) or pulse (Pisum sativum L., Fabaceae) crops. The preference–performance relationship was examined further on four cereal crops, spring wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Go), winter wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Buteo), feed barley (H. vulgare cv. Xena), and malt barley (H. vulgare cv. Copeland). Feed barley was the least preferred cereal by female moths but resulted in the highest larval performance of all tested plants suggesting that females did not select the host on which their offspring performs best, based on nutrient content. In contrast, late‐instar larvae selected the hosts, feed barley and malt barley, on which they performed the best, suggesting that larvae have a more active role in host selection for development, compared to adult females. The addition of fertilizer to host plants did not influence adult female oviposition preference. Larvae reared on plants treated with the half (70 mg N) or full (140 mg N) dose of fertilizer resulted in heavier pupae, compared to those reared on unfertilized plants, regardless of crop variety. However, under field conditions fertilization did not enhance larval performance on feed barley plants. The generalist herbivore M. unipuncta does not exhibit the ‘mother knows best’ principle on the tested hosts and potentially employs a bet‐hedging strategy instead.

AAC Icefield hard white winter wheat

AAC Icefield is the first hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered in western Canada. It was selected from a population of F1-derived doubled-haploids of the cross McClintock/83W020007. Registration testing occurred from 2013 to 2017. These data, collected over 53 site–years, showed that AAC Icefield yielded significantly more grain than CDC Buteo, was similar in yield to Flourish, Moats, and CDC Falcon, and was significantly lower yielding than AAC Elevate and Sunrise. AAC Icefield expressed fair survival, intermediate maturity, short straw, and very good lodging resistance. Test weight and kernel weight were within the range of the checks. Ratings based on the prevalent disease races in western Canada were summarized as resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to leaf and stripe rust, intermediate in resistance to Fusarium head blight, and susceptible to common bunt. The grain yield, agronomic characteristics, and disease resistance attributes of AAC Icefield provide good adaptation for all areas of western Canada. Despite lower grain protein concentration than Canada Western Red Winter wheat cultivars, AAC Icefield showed exceptional gluten strength per unit of protein. AAC Icefield is well-suited to a wide range of end-uses including white and whole-grain pan bread, French and flat breads, Asian steamed bread, and noodles. Currently designated in the Canada Western Experimental wheat class to facilitate test marketing, a decision on permanent class placement for AAC Icefield will be made by the Canadian Grain Commission following the assessment of market interest.

AAC Wildfire hard red winter wheat

AAC Wildfire is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. It was developed using a modified pedigree breeding method. AAC Wildfire was evaluated across western Canada for four years in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative registration trials, where it yielded significantly more grain than all of the checks (Radiant, CDC Buteo, Flourish, Moats) and expressed very good winter survival, relatively late maturity, medium height straw with very good lodging resistance, large kernels, acceptable end-use quality, and disease resistance appropriate for the western region of the Canadian prairies. AAC Wildfire was resistant to the prevalent races of stripe rust, moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight and common bunt, showed improved leaf spot reaction, and tolerance to the original biotype of Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) in North America. In the absence of effective fungicides, production of AAC Wildfire in the eastern Prairies is not recommended due to stem rust susceptibility.

AAC Elevate hard red winter wheat

Graf, R. J., Beres, B. L., Randhawa, H. S., Gaudet, D. A., Laroche, A. and Eudes, F. 2015. AAC Elevate hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1021–1027. AAC Elevate is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted across western Canada and eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. It was developed using wheat×maize-pollen doubled haploid methodology. AAC Elevate was evaluated in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration trials relative to CDC Osprey, AC Bellatrix, Radiant and CDC Buteo for 3 yr (2011–2013), with Flourish and Moats added as checks in the latter 2 yr. Based on these 35 replicated trials, AAC Elevate produced higher grain yield than all of the checks (103.3–114.4%) and exhibited good winter survival, medium height with excellent straw strength, large kernels, acceptable end-use quality, and broad disease resistance. AAC Elevate expressed moderate resistance to stem rust and common bunt, intermediate resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust and Fusarium head blight, and resistance to colonization by the wheat curl mite vector for wheat streak mosaic virus.

CDC Chase hard red winter wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2014. CDC Chase hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 183–186. CDC Chase is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. High grain yield potential relative to the grain quality checks, CDC Buteo and Moats, is its primary strength. It has excellent stem, leaf, and stripe rust resistance, and low physiological leaf spot and very susceptible bunt ratings. Except for minor differences, its performance has been similar to that of CDC Buteo and Moats for the remainder of the agronomic characters measured. A suitable combination of grain quality, rust resistance, and grain yield make CDC Chase a good fit for the low to intermediate precipitation regions of western Canada.

Swainson hard red winter wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2013. Swainson hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1257–1259. Swainson is a medium tall, high-yielding, stem and leaf rust resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class, which was created in 2008 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. Its high yield potential has been particularly evident on dry land in Saskatchewan where its grain yield was 116% of CDC Buteo, the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat Class grain quality check cultivar, and 110% of Accipiter and 117% of CDC Falcon, the high-yielding check cultivars. High grain yield potential of low protein concentration grain and rust resistance make Swainson a good fit for the CWGP class.

Emerson hard red winter wheat

Graf, R. J., Beres, B. L., Laroche, A., Gaudet, D. A., Eudes, F., Pandeya, R. S., Badea, A. and Randhawa, H. S. 2013. Emerson hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 741–748. Emerson hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a cultivar developed using doubled haploid technology, was registered for western Canadian production in 2012. It is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat market class. Evaluation across western Canada from 2008 to 2010 was relative to CDC Osprey, AC Bellatrix, Radiant, and CDC Buteo, the CWRW wheat checks in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration trials. Overall, Emerson had significantly lower grain yield than the mean of these checks; however, in the stem rust, leaf rust and fusarium head blight prone eastern prairies the grain yield of Emerson was not significantly different from CDC Buteo and CDC Falcon, which have been the predominant cultivars in this region. Emerson had good winter survival, intermediate maturity, medium height, strong straw, high test weight, and high grain protein concentration. It expressed improved resistance to fusarium head blight, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust relative to the checks. End-use suitability analysis indicated that Emerson had strong dough rheology, and excellent milling and baking properties.

AAC Gateway hard red winter wheat

Graf, R. J., Beres, B. L., Randhawa, H. S., Gaudet, D. A., Badea, A., Laroche, A., Eudes, F. and Pandeya, R. S. 2013. AAC Gateway hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 541–548. AACGateway is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. Evaluated relative toCDCOsprey,ACBellatrix, Radiant, and CDC Buteo in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration trials from 2009 to 2011, AAC Gateway exhibited high grain yield, good winter survival, short straw of excellent strength, high grain protein concentration, and resistant to intermediate responses to stem rust, leaf rust, stripe rust and fusarium head blight. This combination of desirable traits makes AAC Gateway well-suited for production across western Canada. End-use suitability analysis indicated improvements in protein concentration, amylograph viscosity, dough rheology, loaf volume, and lower protein loss on milling.

Flourish hard red winter wheat

Graf, R. J., Thomas, J. B., Beres, B. L., Gaudet, D. A., Laroche, A. and Eudes, F. 2012. Flourish hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 183–189. Flourish is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Winter wheat class. Compared with the check cultivars in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative registration trials (CDC Osprey, AC Bellatrix, Radiant, CDC Buteo), Flourish produced similar grain yield with earlier maturity, shorter straw, improved lodging resistance and higher grain protein content. Flourish displayed winter survival similar to the checks. In the eastern prairie rust hazard region of Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan, Flourish yielded about 5% more grain than CDC Buteo and CDC Falcon, cultivars that are well-adapted and widely grown in the region. Flourish exhibited intermediate resistance to stem and leaf rust combined with moderate resistance to stripe rust and common bunt, a unique combination of disease resistance traits for a western Canadian winter wheat cultivar.

Moats hard red winter wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2012. Moats hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 191–193. Moats is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. It has excellent stem and leaf rust resistance and higher grain yield and protein concentration than the Central Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration Trial CWRW grain quality check cultivar, CDC Buteo. Its grain yield is similar to the high-yielding Registration Trial check cultivar, CDC Falcon, and lower than Accipiter, which is a more recent high-yielding winter wheat cultivar released in the Canada Western General Purpose wheat class. A suitable combination of grain quality, rust resistance and yield make Moats widely adapted in the winter wheat production area of western Canada.

CDC Buteo hard red winter wheat

CDC Buteo is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. It is an intermediate height cultivar with moderate stem and leaf rust resistance and good winter hardiness and grain yield potential. It is adapted to the western Canadian prairies where its agronomic and disease package combined with an excellent grain quality profile has resulted in wide commercial acceptance in Saskatchewan. CDC Buteo was made the wheat quality standard for the Central Winter Wheat Co-operative Registration Trials in 2008.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)