Cd In Solution Research Articles

Melatonin improves cadmium tolerance in Salix viminalis by enhancing amino acid and saccharide metabolism, and increasing polyphenols

As a short-rotation woody plant, Salix viminalis has the potential for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd), but it has poor tolerance to high Cd concentrations. Melatonin (MEL), a candidate bio-promoter, was considered to play an active role in plant responses to Cd. However, the molecular mechanism by which MEL regulates metabolic processes in plants to defend against Cd stress remain unclear. Transcriptomics and global untargeted metabolomic sequencing were used to investigate the rapid response of S. viminalis to high Cd concentrations during initial growth stage after foliar application of MEL. Four treatments were set up in a pot experiment involving foliar application of MEL on the first day, followed by irrigation with a Cd solution the next day. Significant variations in the relevant defence genes and metabolites in leaves exposed to Cd were observed between willows treated with and without MEL. Foliar application of MEL upregulated sulphur metabolism-related genes such as methionine and S-adenosylmethionine synthases in leaves exposed to Cd; glutamine content, which is the key point of nitrogen assimilation, also increased. Additionally, glycolysis and sucrose metabolic genes, including hexokinase, sucrose synthase, invertase, and the inositol phosphate metabolic gene myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase were also upregulated in leaves. Moreover, MEL also upregulated genes related to the synthesis of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanins in the leaves. These results demonstrated that MEL improved amino acid and saccharide metabolism in the leaves of S. viminalis in response to Cd. It also improved the antioxidant capacity and Cd tolerance in S. viminalis leaves by enhancing synthetic capacity of polyphenol compounds. MEL may be involved in processes of photorespiration, ethylene metabolism, GABA shunt, nitric oxide metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and the synthesis of glutathione and ascorbate in S. viminalis under Cd stress. This series of metabolic changes in S. viminalis occurred within 24 h of the foliar application of MEL, which provided a sufficient substrate for subsequent defence reactions to cope with Cd stress. Our findings will help elucidate the molecular mechanism by which MEL regulates metabolic processes in plants in response to Cd challenges and guide the application of MEL to improve Cd phytoremediation efficiency.

PE/PP fibrous adsorbents with bifunctional groups of tertiary amine and phosphate prepared by electron beam induced co-grafting for heavy metal adsorption of both cationic and anionic forms in acidic conditions

A novel fabric adsorbent having bifunctional groups of tertiary amine and phosphate was prepared by co-graft polymerization of 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (NMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (PMA) onto a polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PE/PP NF) under low-energy electron beam acceleration. The process involved pre-irradiating the fabric and immersing it in the comonomer solution for grafting. The kinetics of radiation-induced graft polymerization at a total dose of 100 kGy was investigated. For pre-irradiation at 100 kGy, the optimum condition offering highest degree of grafting was at 12 wt% of NMA, 8 wt% of PMA and 4 h of reaction time. The adsorption of anions using hydrogen chromate (HCrO4−) or Cr(VI) and cations using lead (Pb(II)), cadmium (Cd(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) in aqueous solution was carried out. The results demonstrated that the bifunctional adsorbent was able to adsorb both heavy metal anionic and cationic ions from water. The co-grafted adsorbents with tertiary amine and phosphate were able to adsorb 85 % Cr(VI) anion and 29 % Pb(II) cations from mixed Cr(VI) and Pb(II) solution at pH 3.0 and 71 % Pb(II), 13 % Cd(II) and 31 % Cu(II) from mixed Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) solution at pH 5.0. The unique achievement of this study is its hypothesis that a bifunctional adsorbent can be prepared from radiation-induced graft polymerization of two different monomers onto NF, along with proof that the prepared bifunctional adsorbent can actually absorb both cationic or anionic heavy metals forms. Additionally, the adsorbent's preparation offers a rapid and straightforward one-step grafting technique. Therefore, the new bifunctional adsorbents can remove heavy metal ions in aqueous solution, either in the cation or anion form, thus offering highly promising applications in industrial wastewater treatment.

Investigation of PVDF‐co‐HPF based ultrafiltration polymer inclusion membrane for the extraction of cadmium ions

AbstractUltrafiltration polymer inclusion membranes (UPIMs) have become increasingly significant for the separation and purification of heavy metals from industrial wastes and wastewater due to their convenience compared to other liquid membranes. A novel process for cadmium separation and recovery has been developed using biodegradable ion carriers, specifically room temperature ionic liquids with various molecular structures. This innovation has greatly enhanced the efficiency and application of UPIMs for cadmium separation, while also providing the membranes with unique functional properties. In this study, various UPIMs were produced using polyvinyl fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HPF) as the base polymer, different plasticizers, and symmetric room temperature ionic liquids as ion carriers. The ability of these membranes to extract cadmium ions was evaluated, demonstrating a removal rate of 9.70 μmol s−1 from a 25 ppm Cd(II) solution under optimum conditions. The selectivity and stability of the optimized UPIM were examined under different conditions to obtain a deeper insight into of its performance. The morphological characteristics of the optimized UPIM were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques.

Simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium in water by metal oxide framework complex-modified glassy carbon electrodes

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are pervasive environmental pollutants known for their significant biological toxicity. The traditional methods for detecting these ions often necessitate large-scale instruments and complex procedures. In contrast, electrochemical detection methods offer advantages such as rapidity, portability, and sensitivity, making them suitable for the simultaneous detection of heavy metals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their exceptional adsorption and enrichment capabilities for heavy metal ions, have shown promise in this regard. Nevertheless, the poor conductivity of most MOFs has limited their electrochemical applications. In this study, glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were modified using the MOF ZIF-8, in combination with a bismuth complex and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, resulting in the fabrication of Bi@ZIF-8/CMWCNTs/GCE electrochemical sensors. Leveraging the porous nature and large specific surface area of ZIF-8, the lead and cadmium ion adsorption by bismuth akin to mercury, and the conductivity of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the sensor developed in this study exhibits excellent capability for simultaneous detection of lead and cadmium ions in water. Under optimized conditions, Pb2+ and Cd2+ showed good linear relationships with the peak current in the concentration range of 2.0–50.0 μg/L. In the concentration range studied, the regression equations for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were determined as follows: y = 0.2982x + 0.4553 (r = 0.9962) for Pb2+ and y = 0.3631x + 0.1242 (r = 0.9949) for Cd2+. The detection limits for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 0.76 μg/L and 0.87 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 50 μg/L mixed standard solution of Pb and Cd were 1.89 % and 1.23 %, respectively. Furthermore, the RSDs for the same modified electrode tested with 50 μg/L Pb2+ and Cd2+ mixed standard solution over seven consecutive days were 2.27 % and 1.42 %, respectively, under identical conditions. In practice, the lead and cadmium concentrations of a lake were found to range from 4.42 μg/L to 5.60 μg/L, while the lead and cadmium concentrations of effluent from a wastewater plant ranged from 11.83 μg/L to 14.49 μg/L. This research not only describes a new electrochemical platform for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium in water but also provides a new method for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium in water. This research is valuable for promoting the application of MOFs in the field of electrochemistry.

Enhanced Cd(II) adsorption and antibacterial performance of hydrothermally synthesized FeS2/Chitosan composite

This study demonstrates the efficacy of FeS2/Chitosan composites as adsorbents for removing cadmium (Cd) from wastewater, showcasing a promising approach for environmental pollution treatment. The hydrothermal synthesis method successfully produced FeS2 and FeS2/Chitosan composites with desirable properties obtained from XRD, FTIR, SEM EDX, XPS, and UV–Vis DRS, including a pyrite crystal structure, 15 nm crystalline size, and a 2.77 eV bandgap energy. The optimized conditions for maximum Cd(II) removal were determined to be a pH of 6, a 12 mg/L Cd(II) solution, a 40 mg adsorbent loading, and a 40 min contact time, achieving complete removal through a pseudo-first-order process. Moreover, the biological studies indicated that the FeS2/Chitosan composite shows significant antibacterial activity against E.coli, further enhancing its utility in wastewater treatment applications. The composite’s dual functionality in heavy metal adsorption and antibacterial efficacy highlights its potential for comprehensive wastewater management solutions. Future research could explore the scalability of this approach and its application to other heavy metals and contaminants, further contributing to sustainable environmental practices.

The Capture of Cadmium from Solution during the Replacement of Calcite by Apatite.

The capture of cadmium (Cd) from phosphate-containing solutions during the replacement of CaCO3 by phosphate phases such as hydroxylapatite (HAP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been studied under high and low temperature and pressure conditions using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray spectrometer and a backscattered electron detector, Raman spectroscopy, and microprobe analysis. Starting with cubes of Carrara Marble (polycrystalline calcite) and single crystals of calcite, a new solid phosphate phase was observed to incorporate Cd from solution, formed under different pressure and temperature conditions tested. Results showed that Cd precipitated in a new phase on the surface of all samples tested. In Carrara Marble, pseudomorphic replacement of CaCO3 is restricted possibly due to kinetic limitation caused by the adsorption of Cd complexes formed in solution at reactive surface sites and the variation of fluid composition inside the sample. However, on the sample surface, this kinetic limitation is less influential, so the new phase could incorporate higher amounts of Cd faster. Furthermore, this reaction at room temperature was found to have similar and/or better Cd-uptake efficiency as HAP and CaCO3 in pure Cd solution through the precipitation of Cd-containing phosphate crystals on the sample surface. Both reactions were able to capture Cd in the precipitating phase structure and could provide a mechanism for simultaneous Cd and phosphate removal from solutions contaminated with both, in industrial or natural settings.

Competitive Adsorption of Aqueous Cd(II) and Pb(II) Solutions onto Silicas Synthesized with Saponin as Template Agent

The aim of the research was to prepare silica adsorbents using an environmentally friendly pathway, a template synthesis with saponin biosurfactant as a structure-directing agent. The adsorbents prepared in this way exhibit improved adsorption properties while maintaining environmental innocuousness. For the preparation of porous silica, the biosurfactant template sol–gel method was used with tetraethoxysilane as a silica precursor. The silica adsorbents were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and SEM/EDX microscopy, TEM/HRTEM microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Batch tests were carried out to remediate Pb(II)/Cd(II) ions in single/binary aqueous solutions, and the effect of the surfactant on the adsorption properties was assessed. The optimal adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions) have been determined. The adsorption was fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Mathematical modeling of the retention process of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from binary solutions indicated a competitive effect of each of the two adsorbed metal ions. The experimental results demonstrated that saponin has the effect of modifying the silica structure through the formation of pores, which are involved in the retention of metal ions from aqueous solutions and wastewater.

Study on Adsorption of Cd in Solution and Soil by Modified Biochar-Calcium Alginate Hydrogel.

Contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a prominent issue in agricultural non-point source pollution in China. With the deposition and activation of numerous Cd metal elements in farmland, the problem of excessive pollution of agricultural produce can no longer be disregarded. Considering the issue of Cd pollution in farmland, this study proposes the utilization of cross-linked modified biochar (prepared from pine wood) and calcium alginate hydrogels to fabricate a composite material which is called MB-CA for short. The aim is to investigate the adsorption and passivation mechanism of soil Cd by this innovative composite. The MB-CA exhibits a higher heavy metal adsorption capacity compared to traditional biochar and hydrogel due to its increased oxygen-containing functional groups and heavy metal adsorption sites. In the Cd solution adsorption experiment, the highest Cd2+ removal rate reached 85.48%. In addition, it was found that the material also has an excellent pH improvement effect. Through the adsorption kinetics experiment and the soil culture experiments, it was determined that MB-CA adheres to the quasi-second-order kinetic model and is capable of adsorbing 35.94% of Cd2+ in soil. This study validates the efficacy of MB-CA in the adsorption and passivation of Cd in soil, offering a novel approach for managing Cd-contaminated cultivated land.

Controlling the Solubility, Release Rate and Permeation of Riluzole with Cyclodextrins.

Riluzole (RLZ), a sodium channel-blocking benzothiazole anticonvulsant BCS class II drug, is very slightly soluble in aqueous medium. To improve aqueous solubility and modulate dissolution rate and membrane permeability, complex formation of RLZ with two cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), was studied. The stability constants demonstrated a greater affinity of SBE-β-CD towards RLZ compared to α-CD. A solubility growth of 1.7-fold and 3.7-fold with α-CD and SBE-β-CD, respectively, was detected in the solutions of 1% cyclodextrins and accompanied by the permeability reduction. For 1% CD solutions, several biopolymers (1% w/v) were tested for the membrane permeability under static conditions. The synergistic positive effect of α-CD and polymer on the solubility accompanied by unchanged permeability was revealed in RLZ/α-CD/PG, RLZ/α-CD/PEG400, and RLZ/α-CD/PEG1000 systems. Solid RLZ/CD complexes were prepared. Dynamic dissolution/permeation experiments for the solid samples disclosed the characteristic features of the release processes and permeation rate through different artificial membranes. The maximal permeation rate was determined across the hydrophilic semi-permeable cellulose membrane followed by the lipophilic PermeaPad barrier (model of intestinal and buccal absorption) and polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate membrane (simulating transdermal delivery way). Different mode of the permeation between the membranes was estimated and discussed.

#2243 The experience from the use of citric acid blood purification solution (CD) with l-ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C) in patients under HD

Abstract Background and Aims The use of CD offers anticoagulation with a reduced dose of heparin while the use of L-Ascorbic acid offers better management of the patients' anemia. The purpose of the study is to record the experience of using CD solution with Vitamin-C in patients with ESRD under HD Method 45 patients with ESRD under HD (40 new recruits) with an average weight of 75 kgrs received CD solution with vitamin-C (2 g/lt) for a period of 12 months. All changes in heparin dose as well as patients' anemia profile (Hb, Hct, ferritin, TSAT, rhEPO dose) were recorded. Results The initial cumulative heparin dose of 1818 ± 659.28 iu (24 iu/kgrBW) was progressively increased to 2677.41 ± 1053.15 iu (36 iu/kgrBW) at 6 months and to 3323.52 ± 1467.79 iu (44 iu /kgr/GB) at 12 months. With no observed thrombotic events or bleeding tendency, the dose of heparin used was significantly lower than the recommended doses with the classical solution (loading dose 30-50 IU/kgBW and then 10 IU/kgBW/hour). Patients' Hb and Hct progressively increased significantly (10.63 ± 1.55 start-11.79 ± 0.91 end, p < 0.05, 32.25 ± 4.45 start-36.5 ± 2, 92 end, p < 0.05) with constant weekly erythropoietin dose (14000 ± 9500 iu start-14000 ± 10000 iu end, p = NS) and stable ferritin levels (526.73 ± 498.72 iu start-690.44 ± 470.32 iu end, p = NS). The above observation was combined with a significant reduction in monthly iron administration (from 700 mg monthly initially to 200 mg monthly after one year). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the use of CD solution and vitamin C compared to the classic one offers anticoagulation with a significant reduction in the dose of heparin used, while simultaneously increasing hemoglobin with a fixed dose of erythropoietin and reduced iron administration.

Unlocking the potential of biochar: an iron-phosphorus-based composite modified adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aqueous environments and response surface optimization of adsorption conditions.

In this work, iron-phosphorus based composite biochar (FPBC) was prepared by modification with potassium phosphate and iron oxides for the removal of heavy metal ions from single and mixed heavy metal (Pb and Cd) solutions. FTIR and XPS characterization experiments showed that the novel modified biochar had a greater number of surface functional groups compared to the pristine biochar. The maximum adsorption capacities of FPBC for Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 211.66mg·g-1 and 94.08mg·g-1 at 293K. The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by FPBC followed the proposed two-step adsorption kinetic model and the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model, suggesting that the mechanism of adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by FPBC involved chemical adsorption of multiple layers. Mechanistic studies showed that the introduction of -PO4 and -PO3 chemisorbed with Pb(II) and Cd(II), and the introduction of -Fe-O increased the ion exchange with Pb(II) and Cd(II) during the adsorption process and produced precipitates such as Pb3Fe(PO4)3 and Cd5Fe2(P2O7)4. Additionally, the abundant -OH and -COOH groups also participated in the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II). In addition, FPBC demonstrated strong selective adsorption of Pb(II) in mixed heavy metal solutions. The Response Surface Methodology(RSM) analysis determined the optimal adsorption conditions for FPBC as pH 5.31, temperature 26.01°C, and Pb(II) concentration 306.30mg·L-1 for Pb(II). Similarly, the optimal adsorption conditions for Cd(II) were found to be pH 5.66, temperature 39.34°C, and Cd(II) concentration 267.68mg·L-1. Therefore, FPBC has the potential for application as a composite-modified adsorbent for the adsorption of multiple heavy metal ions.

Cellulose-based homogeneous method for suppressing coffee ring effect of cadmium detection in water using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Heavy metal pollution has a negative impact on water resources and poses a threat to crop safety and human health through biogeochemical cycles. To detect heavy metals in water, the dried droplet method (DDM) combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is commonly used. However, the uneven distribution of heavy metals caused by the coffee ring effect (CRE) can adversely affect the intensity and stability of the detection signal. In this study, the cellulose-based homogeneous method (CHM) was proposed to suppress CRE, ensure a uniform distribution of heavy metal (represented by Cadmium (Cd) in experiments) on the liquid-solid conversion deposition layer, and enhance the detection signal. A rapidly evaluated approach was developed using LIBS to visualize the homogeneity of Cd distribution on the deposition layer, which could also determine the type and concentration of cellulose. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanism was conducted from the perspective of fluid dynamics. The use of CHM resulted in a 94.81 % increase in signal average intensity and reduced the relative standard deviation (RSD) to 0.13 times. The R2 value achieved 0.997, and the limit of detection (LOD) reached 0.029 mg/L. CHM was validated using natural lake water samples spiked with a standard Cd solution resulting in a recovery rate ranging from 105.3 % to 109.06 %. The proposed method exhibits great potential to detect heavy metals in water resources, industrial wastewater, and agricultural water to assess water quality and water security.

Developing goethite modified reed-straw biochar for remediation of metal(loids) co-contamination

Arsenic and cadmium contamination, along with their associated environmental risks, is a global concern, and the synergistic stabilization of cations and oxyanions in contaminated environments is challenging. In this study, goethite-modified biochar (BC-Gt) was synthesized and investigated for its remediation potential in co-contamination of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), compared to pristine reed-straw biochar (BC) and goethite (Gt). BC-Gt exhibited the highest maximum adsorption capacities in the binary As and Cd solution (As: 126.02 mg·g−1, Cd: 125.12 mg·g−1). BET-SSA, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and XPS analyses revealed various mechanisms of co-adsorption of As and Cd on BC-Gt, including ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, surface precipitation and complexation. Moreover, the specific adsorption of Cd(II) involved cation-π interaction, while limited oxidation-reduction of As(V) occurred during adsorption. BC-Gt also displayed profound stabilization effects in As, Cd and lead (Pb) co-contaminated soils, with maximum removal efficiencies of 63.98 %, 83.67 % and 83.92 %, respectively. BC-Gt outperformed BC and Gt in transforming the exchangeable fraction (Exc) into reducible (Red), oxidizable (Oxi) and residual (Res) fractions of As, Cd and Pb. This study provides evidence in the potential of BC-Gt for remediating co-contamination of As and Cd in water, as well as As, Cd and Pb in soil.

Cinnamic Acid: A Low-Toxicity Natural Bidentate Ligand for Uranium Decorporation.

Uranium accumulation in the kidneys and bones following internal contamination results in severe damage, emphasizing the pressing need for the discovery of actinide decorporation agents with efficient removal of uranium and low toxicity. In this work, cinnamic acid (3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, CD), a natural aromatic carboxylic acid, is investigated as a potential uranium decorporation ligand. CD demonstrates markedly lower cytotoxicity than that of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), an actinide decorporation agent approved by the FDA, and effectively removes approximately 44.5% of uranyl from NRK-52E cells. More importantly, the results of the prompt administration of the CD solution remove 48.2 and 27.3% of uranyl from the kidneys and femurs of mice, respectively. Assessments of serum renal function reveal the potential of CD to ameliorate uranyl-induced renal injury. Furthermore, the single crystal of CD and uranyl compound (C9H7O2)2·UO2 (denoted as UO2-CD) reveals the formation of uranyl dimers as secondary building units. Thermodynamic analysis of the solution shows that CD coordinates with uranyl to form a 2:1 molar ratio complex at a physiological pH of 7.4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further show that CD exhibits a significant 7-fold heightened affinity for uranyl binding in comparison to DTPA.

Combination of Andisol Soil-Bioball-Bacillus sp. For Cadmium Removal Application

Industrial growth in Indonesia, especially the metal industry, has the potential to produce waste that can pollute the environment and hurt humans, animals, and plants. One of these pollutants is heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Besides that, cadmium is very toxic and will cause serious illness for humans. <em>Bacillus</em> sp. is a potential bacterium that can remove harmful substances so that it can be used for bioremediation. However, the ability of <em>Bacillus</em><em> </em>sp. to absorb cadmium has not been reported. The research aims to study the effectiveness of optimal pH conditions in absorbing heavy metal cadmium. An adsorbent with composition andisol soil: bioball: <em>Bacillus </em>sp. 2:0:0; 1.5:1:4.3×10<sup>5</sup>; 1:2:8.2×10<sup>5</sup>; 0.5:3:1.21×10<sup>6</sup>; and 0:4:1.58×10<sup>6</sup> (gr:piece:(cell/mL)) put into a beaker containing 100 mL of 6 ppm Cd solution with various pH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The aerator was added at a constant speed for 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, the Cd content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The combination of andisol, bioball, and <em>Bacillus </em>sp. can absorb cadmium at the optimum conditions of pH 5, with composition andisol: Bioball soil: <em>Bacillus</em> sp. 1.5:1:4.3×10<sup>5</sup> (g:piece:(cell/mL)), and contact time of 120 minutes with total removal of 75.6%.

Abstract 1475: Investigating the carcinogenic effects and the mechanism of cadmium exposure on WPMY-1 prostate myofibroblast cell line

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among males with an incidence rate of PCa is 288,300 new cases annually. Risk factors include age, genetics, and lifestyle, but the underlying stimuli remain largely uncertain. One potential emerging cause of PCa is exposure to metal carcinogens as cadmium (Cd) which is now classified as a group I human carcinogen. Chronic exposure to Cd on epithelial cells has been extensively shown to induce carcinogenesis, making it a likely contributor to PCa development. In this study, we expand this information by examining how chronic Cd exposure affects prostate-derived myofibroblast (WPMY-1) cells transforming into a cancer-associated fibroblast like phenotype. To study the transformation, WPMY-1 cells were treated with 500nM of Cd for a period of 11 months establishing the WPMY-1 Cd model. Fibroblasts are a crucial tumor microenvironment (TME) component and potentially contribute to PCa progression when transformed and activated into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). To begin, we used an MTT assay to measure the effect of Cd toxicity on normal prostate myofibroblasts versus WPMY-1 Cd. The data showed that 10µM Cd solution was toxic to WPMY-1 cells, but WPMY-Cd cells depicted high cell viability at 50 µM dose, conferring to chronic Cd exposure improved resiliency to Cd toxicity. We analyzed the expression of CAF-specific markers in WPMY-Cd cells, such as vimentin, FAP, α-SMA, and PDGFR-β. WPMY-Cd cells showed a distinct upregulation for these markers when compared to untreated WPMY-1 cells, suggesting that chronic exposure to Cd promotes CAF-like phenotypic transformation in WPMY-Cd. To further ascertain the cancer-promoting properties of WPMY-Cd, an in vitro 3-D spheroid assay was performed by growing the cells on a Matrigel scaffold. The WPMY-Cd cells formed many more tumor-like spheroid structures than WPMY-1 and exhibited sprouting. The sprouting spheroids displayed lamellipodium and filopodium-like structures, demonstrating the initiation of migratory phenotype in WPMY-Cd. Additionally, previous research suggests that CAFs may play a role in PCa progression by promoting tumor growth via the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. We tested this theory by exposing Cd-treated epithelial (BPH-Cd) cells to conditioned media containing secretions from CAFs and WPMY-Cd. WPMY-1 Cd conditioned media in conferring cell migration on epithelial BPH-Cd cells was confirmed by a wound healing assay wherein BPH-Cd cells treated with WPMY-1 Cd conditioned media led to complete wound closure in 24 hours as compared to WPMY-1 and CAF conditioned media. Overall, there is considerable evidence that Cd exposure in fibroblasts may play a crucial role in PCa disease progression and is a promising area for researching PCa treatment strategies against a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Sakshi V. Bansod, Gnanasekar Munarithinam. Investigating the carcinogenic effects and the mechanism of cadmium exposure on WPMY-1 prostate myofibroblast cell line [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1475.

Single and combined phytoextraction of lead and cadmium on submerged plants Potamogeton pusillus L.: removal, bioaccumulation pattern, and phytotoxicity.

Under the present investigation, the submerged plant Potamogeton pusillus has been tested for the removal of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). P. pusillus removal efficiency and accumulation capacity were examined in separated Pb and Cd solutions, at 0.5, 1.0, and 2mg L-1, and in solutions where both metals were present at the same concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 2mg L-1), under laboratory conditions for 3, 7, and 10days. Also, we examined the removal efficiency and accumulation capacity when a set of plants were exposed to 0.5mg L-1 of Pb (or Cd) and increasing concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2mg L-1) of Cd (or Pb) for 10days. The effect of Cd and Pb was assessed by measuring changes in the chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde contents. Results showed that P. pusillus could accumulate Cd and Pb from individual solutions. Roots and leaves accumulated the highest amount of Cd and Pb followed by the stems. Some phytotoxic effects were observed, especially at individual Cd exposures, but these effects were not observed in the two-metal system. The removal and accumulation of Pb by P. pusillus were significantly enhanced in the presence of Cd under certain conditions, presenting a good alternative for the removal of these metals from polluted aquifers. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report on both enhanced phytoextraction of Pb in the presence of Cd and bioaccumulation of these heavy metals by P. pusillus.

Carbon dot dressing as a treatment of alkali-induced skin burns

Background. Chemical burns, comprising 5–10 % of total burns but causing 30 % of burn-related deaths, are now a notable concern in Ukraine. Current clinical protocols lack specific approaches for chemical burns, and research on this type of burn is limited. Carbon-based nanoparticles show promise for wound healing because of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. So, the ability of carbon dots obtained from citric acid and urea (further called CD) to improve the healing of alkali-induced skin burn was aimed to be discovered. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. Burn was modeled by application of gauze disc soaked with 3 M NaOH solution on shaved skin of anesthetized rats for 10 min. A CD dressing, consisting of a CD solution (1 mg/mL) mixed with cellulose-based hydrogel that served as a vehicle, was applied to burned skin daily during a 7-day period. There were following groups: control (healthy rats), a burn-only group (rats that received no dressing), a burn + vehicle group (rats that received vehicle dressing), and a burn + CD group (rats that received CD dressing). The study involved monitoring of burn areas, conducting skin histopathology, and perfor­ming blood biochemical analyses. Results. The daily CD dressing significantly decreased alkali-induced burn area (by 76 % compared to 40 % in burn-only group) after seven daily dressings. The level of inflammation in the burn site was also less expressed in CD-treated animals, compared to respective controls (non-treated animals and animals treated with Vehicle). There was no substantial systemic toxicity of the burn (of such area) and its healing, manifested by absence of body weight loss, and absence of dramatical changes in serum biochemical parameters (indicators of liver and kidney function). However, animals of all the groups that experienced burns had a significantly lower body weight gain and mesenteric lymph nodes weight compared to healthy rats. Conclusions. So, the application of carbon dots mixed with hydrogel speeded up alkali-induced burn healing without negative impact on the organism.

Synthesis of Carbon Dots from butterfly pea (Cliptoria ternatea) as detection of the heavy metal ion Cu 2+

The synthesis of carbon dots nanomaterials based on butterfly pea (Cliptoria ternatea) with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully carried out using the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs material shows a dark brown solution which indicates that the carbon dots have been successfully synthesized. In this study, we analyzed the influence of optical properties before and after adding Cu2+ ions to the sensitivity of N-CD. The characterization of N-CDs was analyzed using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy, as well as using Fourier Transform Infra-Red. The research results show that the absorption spectrum range is from 200 to 800 nm, with an absorption peak at 206.58 nm and the band gap energy obtained is 4.95 eV. The CD solution produces good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emits a turquoise green color. Based on the IR spectrum, there is an increase in transmittance in the carbon dots spectrum after the addition of urea and at the wave number 1404 cm−1 there is a C-N group which indicates that the process of doping nitrogen atoms on the carbon dots has been successful. The sensitivity of N-CD when sensing Cu2+ ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 183.33 nm. The N-CD can be applied as a biosensor friendly and environmentally method.

Screening and characterization of novel biosorbent for the removal of Cadmium from contaminated water

Presence of trace metal pollutants in the aquatic system is a worldwide foremost concern. The present investigation was an attempt to find out the novel biosorbent for the removal of Cadmium(CdII) from contaminated water. The leaf of Sesbania bispinosa was screened out as a potential Cd(II) removing biosorbent from thirty different natural biomasses by physico-chemical and sorption process characterizations. Biosorption capacity of S. bispinosa was determined by batch mode biosorption method with the functions of solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dose and initial Cd(II) concentration. Obtained results were analyzed for isotherm and kinetic study. The S. bispinosa biosorbent exhibited the biosorption equilibrium of Cd(II) uptake in 30 min. At pH 4, biosorbent dose of 1 g/L was sufficient for maximum Cd(II) uptake. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the favourable sorption surface characteristics. The data also demonstrated that Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.998) is the better fitted model compared to Langmuir model and the maximum sorption capacity was found to be 33.33 mg/g. Suitabilty of pseudo second order reaction pathway was observed during the kinetic study. Most especially, The selected biosorbent is ascertained effective in removing multimetals [Cd(II) - 67.51 %, Cr(VI) – 40.36 %, Pb(II) – 100 % and Cu(II) – 59.01 %] from a quaternary aqueous solution of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) mixture and spent biosorbent can be easily regenerated by applying 0.1 M HCl solution as a desorbing agent. It, therefore, could be concluded that leaves of S.bispinosa might be a low-cost and environmentally sound novel biosorbent for the treatment of Cd(II) contaminated water.