Cd In Different Organs Research Articles

Spatial ionomics provides new insights into the accumulation and transport of mineral ions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cadmium stress

The distribution of various elements in different organs is spatially specific, and the distribution of elements in different organs of rice under Cadmium (Cd) stress and nutrient deficiency conditions is unknown, these limit the creation of ideal crops. In this study, spatially-specific ionomics study was applied to the spatial distribution of ions in different organs of 14 different varieties of hybrid rice seedlings under Cd stress. Under Cd stress, magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were found to accumulate mainly in the nodes, while Ca accumulated mainly in the mature leaves, and K mainly in the leaf sheaths and new leaves. Under Cd stress, the contents of Mg and Mn in all organs and Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Fe in nodes decreased, but the accumulation of Fe in roots increased. In all organs, the concentrations of calcium (Ca), Mg, Mn, and Fe were almost positively correlated. Moreover, the ion transfer factors of Mg/Mn, Mg/Cu, and Zn/potassium (K) all showed positive correlations, indicating that these elements had similar chemical properties or biological functions. The accumulation of Cd in different organs of 4 varieties under Cd stress and K/Mn/Ca/Mg deficiency treatments was studied. Under Mg deficiency stress, the Cd concentration increased significantly. Under Ca deficiency stress, Cd transport was reduced. In conclusion, spatial ionomics was used to investigate the transport and accumulation of elements in different organs of O. sativa L., and these results provided theoretical support for the creation and production of ideal crops under Cd stress.

Patterns of cadmium uptake and accumulation by exclusion and inclusion soybean cultivars

AbstractIn the areas where the soils are polluted by cadmium (Cd), farmers cannot afford to use their lands for remediation due to high demand for soybean (Glycine max L.) production. In order to provide information for safe soybean production and achieve the phytoremediation using the root at the meantime, four soybean cultivars (mentioned as Cd excluder and Cd includer) differing in seed Cd accumulation were grown in a mixed growing media treated with different Cd concentrations (0 and 0.35 mg kg−1) in a growth cabinet. The biomass and Cd concentration in roots, stems, leaves, pods, and seeds were measured at the beginning of seed development (R5) and maturity (R8) stages; accumulation coefficient and translocation coefficient of Cd in different organs were calculated. Cadmium concentration in seeds was positively correlated with the Cd concentration in stem, leaf, and pod. Cadmium concentration in the roots of the Cd excluder was significantly higher than that in the Cd includer at the R5 and R8 stages; however, the Cd concentration in the seeds of the Cd includer was higher than that in the Cd excluder. Compared with the Cd excluder, more Cd was transported from the root to the aboveground organs of Cd includer. This suggests that Cd excluder with high cadmium accumulation in the root and low accumulation in the seed could provide a possible way to develop Cd‐safe cultivars with high phytoremediation capacity when grown on Cd‐polluted lands.

Remediation Effects of Different Composite Materials on Cadmium-Contaminated Farmland Soil

A pot experiment was conducted to study the application effects of three composite materials, namely SC (lime:organic compound fertilizer=2:3), LS (ferrous sulfate:lime=1:1) and LB (ferrous sulfate:biochar in combinations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5), on soil Cd bioavailability, Cd cumulative distribution in different wheat organs, and wheat yield. The results indicated that:① Addition of composite materials all significantly decreased the soil available Cd content by 50.2%-81.8% (SC), 29.4%-48.1% (LS), and 18.7%-42.2% (LB). Composite materials significantly increased soil pH by 1.37-2.28 (SC), 0.41-0.86 (LS), and 0.14-0.17 (LB) units. ② The Cd cumulative distribution in different wheat organs were in the order of root > leaf > stem > glume > grain. The translocation abilities of Cd in different organs were in the order of root > glume > stem and leaf. ③ Compared with the control, 0.67% SC addition and 0.67% LS addition significantly increased the wheat yields by 56.4% and 51.2%; LB addition significantly increased wheat yield by 39.6% to 51.2%. ④ The correlation analysis showed that soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with soil available Cd and Cd contents in different wheat organs. There were significant positive correlations between soil available Cd and Cd contents in different wheat organs, and the correlation coefficients were 0.711 (grain), 0.817 (glume), 0.593 (stem), 0.630 (leaf) and 0.622 (root). Meanwhile, there is also a significant positive correlation between Cd content in different wheat organs. ⑤ Comprehensively, the addition of 0.93% SC increased soil pH by a maximum of 2.28 units, and the soil available cadmium content was decreased by a maximum of 81.8%. Therefore, adding 0.93% SC was the most suitable treatment for repairing and controlling the Cd pollution in farmland soil.

Effects of extended growth periods on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and the translocation of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana

ABSTRACTImpatiens walleriana plants accumulate sufficiently high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) for this species to be considered a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. Rooted cuttings were grown hydroponically for 25 and 50 days in solutions spiked with various Cd concentrations. The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different organs were analyzed, and its upward translocation was also assessed. The plants accumulated large amounts of Cd; the Cd concentration in the roots and shoots reached 120–1900 and 60–1600 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the growth period, the Cd accumulated in the roots was primarily compartmentalized in the soluble fraction or ethanol and deionized water extractable chemical forms with high migration abilities. Translocation to the shoots was followed by an association of Cd mainly in the cell wall or with pectate and protein. The roots’ Cd showed a high migration capacity for predicting the shoots’ Cd concentrations. Different exposure periods significantly affected the subcellular distribution of Cd in the stems, and thus the upward translocation.

湘南某矿区蔬菜中Pb、Cd污染状况及健康风险评估

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 湘南某矿区蔬菜中Pb、Cd污染状况及健康风险评估 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201212251868 作者: 作者单位: 中南林业科技大学林学院环境科学与工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心,长沙环境保护职业技术学院,中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 环保部公益项目（201009047）；湖南省环境科学重点学科建设项目（2006180） Contamination status of Pb and Cd and health risk assessment on vegetables in a mining area in southern Hunan Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology,,,,,Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过采集湘南某矿区周边农田中种植的蔬菜和对应耕作层土壤样品，探究了农田蔬菜Pb、Cd的污染状况，蔬菜和土壤重金属含量之间的相关性，蔬菜中重金属对人体的健康风险。结果表明：（1）污染区土壤重金属污染非常严重，叶菜类蔬菜重金属超出了食品卫生标准限值，但是果菜类蔬菜中重金属没有超出食品卫生标准限值。（2）不同蔬菜不同器官所含Pb、Cd有明显差异；不同种类蔬菜Pb、Cd含量不同，一般是叶菜类 > 果菜类；同种蔬菜不同部位重金属含量的顺序也不同，一般为根 > 茎 > 叶 > 果，或根 > 叶 > 茎 > 果。（3）二类蔬菜中重金属Pb、Cd的富集系数顺序为叶菜类 > 果菜类。（4）蔬菜中Pb、Cd含量与土壤中相对应元素含量均无显著相关性。（5）就农产品安全性而言，果菜类蔬菜比叶菜类蔬菜更适合在此矿区栽培。 Abstract:Vegetables, including leafy vegetables and fruit, are of importance to human health. In order to evaluate the heavy metal contamination status and associated health risks of vegetables, 57 vegetables (34 spring vegetables and 23 winter vegetables) and 34 corresponding soil samples (sampled with the spring vegetables) were collected from farmland surrounding a mining area in southern Hunan, China. Analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between the heavy metal content of vegetables and soils, to enable assessment of the potential health risk to local inhabitants consuming the vegetables grown in the contaminated soils. The results showed that: (1) The measured maximum total Pb and Cd in the soils were up to 1251.9 mg/kg (the corresponding soil to the three-colored amaranth) and 13.2 mg/kg (the corresponding soil to the kidney bean), respectively. The average concentration of total Pb and Cd in all soils were 841.7 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg, respectively, which were 3.37 and 21.67 times the standard allowable concentration of Pb and Cd for vegetable soils in China (pH level < 6.5, Pb ≤ 250 mg/kg, Cd ≤ 0.3 mg/kg; Environment Quality Standard for Soil Heavy Metals GB15168-1995, Grade Ⅱ). It suggested that contamination from heavy metals in these soils was very serious. (2) Vegetables grown on the contaminated soils were rich in Pb and Cd in different plant organs. The highest levels of heavy metals were 5.03 mg/kg for total Pb and 2.92 mg/kg for total Cd in the edible parts of garlic and three-colored amaranth, respectively, which exceeded the maximum levels of the China National Food Sanitation Standards for total Pb (GB 14935-94, 0.2 mg/kg) and Cd (GB 15201-94, 0.05 mg/kg). The heavy metal content of leafy vegetables, not fruit, exceeded the China National Food Sanitation Standards for Heavy Metals. The contents of total Pb and Cd in different organs of the vegetables were quite different and generally followed a sequence of root > stem > leaf > fruit, or root > leaf > stem > fruit. Pb and Cd contents in leafy vegetables were generally higher than those in fruits. (3) The order of bioaccumulation factors (BFs) of heavy metals in the two vegetable types was leafy vegetables > fruits. Based on fresh weight, the average BFs of Pb varied within (0.7-8.4)×10-3 for leafy vegetables and (0-0.02)×10-3 for fruits, and those of Cd varied within (15.4-895.2)×10-3 for leafy vegetables and (0.04-38.1)×10-3 for fruits, which signified that the average BFs of Pb and Cd for leafy vegetables was greater than those for fruit vegetables. (4) The correlations were not significant between the heavy metal content in vegetables and those in soils; however, total Pb and Cd in the edible parts of vegetables presented a higher significant correlation level (R2 =0.821; n =18, R20.01 =0.590). (5) The results of the risk assessment on vegetables indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) for total Pb and Cd in the edible parts of leafy vegetables were 1.70 and 3.73, respectively, 34.00 times and 53.28 times higher than those of the fruits (0.005 and 0.070). In relation to suitability of agricultural products in this mining area, fruits were more suitable for planting than leafy vegetables. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

카드뮴에 오염된 토양에서 생장한 애기장대의 식물기관에 축적된 카드뮴 농도

This study was performed to examine the accumulated concentrations (conc.) of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in the soil with different conc. of Cd. The official standard conc. of Cd of pollutant exhaust notified by the Korean ministry of environment (0.1 mg/L) and ten times higher (1 mg/L) and fifty times higher (5 mg/L) conc. and no Cd in the soil as control were used for this investigation. The results showed that accumulated conc. of Cd in the stems of plant grown in the soil with different conc. (0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L) were increased 9%, 24% and 286% respectively, compared with normal plant stem. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the leafs of plant gown in the soil with official standard conc. and conc. ten times higher and conc. fifty times higher were increased 3%, 22% and 453%, respectively, compared with normal plant leaf. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the root of plant grown in the soil with 0.1 and 1 mg/L conc. of Cd were increased 6%, 19%, respectively, compared with normal plant root. However, it was observed about 84% of increased accumulation of the Cd in the root of plant, when highest (5 mg/L) conc. was used. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana were increased according to increase of Cd conc. in the soil. When official standard conc. and ten times higher conc. of Cd were used, the accumulated conc. of Cd increased average 6%, 21%, respectively, compared with normal plant organ, and the accumulated conc. of Cd between leaf, stem and root were not significant. However, the accumulated conc. of Cd in the plant organs gown in the conc. fifty times higher were increased about 285%, compared with normal plant. In addition, the accumulated conc. of Cd in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited wide differences between organs, that is, stem was increased 118% than root, leaf was increased 256%, 64% than root and stem, respectively. These results show that accumulated conc. of Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana with highest (5 mg/L) conc. of Cd in soil, were much higher in the leaf than the stem or root in proportion to the conc. of Cd contaminated within the soil.

Evaluation of Transgenic Poplars Over‐Expressing Enzymes of Glutathione Synthesis for Phytoremediation of Cadmium

Abstract: Recently, phytoremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals has received a lot of attention. Since glutathione (GSH) and its derivatives (e.g., phytochelatins) play a major role in plant defence against environmental pollutants, we tested the effects of over‐expression of bacterial genes for GSH synthesis in poplar on cadmium accumulation. A pilot experiment with CdCl2 in hydroponics revealed that poplars over‐expressing γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐ECS) accumulated significantly more Cd in root tissue than wild type or glutathione synthetase over‐expressing poplars. To test the partitioning of Cd in different organs, poplar lines over‐expressing γ‐ECS in the cytosol and in chloroplasts were treated with 0.2 mM CdCl2 in hydroponics. Significant amounts of Cd were translocated to leaves, but significant differences in Cd accumulation were not observed between transgenic and wild type plants. To evaluate these lines for large‐scale phytoremediation of cadmium, plants were treated with 2 mM Cd in soil. Over a four‐week period, the poplar plants were able to accumulate up to 5.3 mg Cd. Most remarkably, in young leaves of both transgenic lines, Cd was accumulated to concentrations 2.5 ‐ 3 times higher than in the wild type. The increased allocation of cadmium to the young leaves represents a potentional advantage for the phytoremediation process using the same plants over several vegetation periods. The use of transgenic poplar lines with enhanced glutathione production capacity seems to be of particular advantage in highly polluted soils.