CCS Process Research Articles

Potential assessment of CO2 source/sink and its matching research during CCS process of deep unworkable seam

It is of great significance for the engineering popularization of CO2-ECBM technology to evaluate the potential of CCUS source and sink and study the matching of pipeline network of deep unworkable seam. In this study, the deep unworkable seam was taken as the research object. Firstly, the evaluation method of CO2 storage potential in deep unworkable seam was discussed. Secondly, the CO2 storage potential was analyzed. Then, the matching research of CO2 source and sink was carried out, and the pipe network design was optimized. Finally, suggestions for the design of pipe network are put forward from the perspective of time and space scale. The results show that the average annual CO2 emissions of coal-fired power plants vary greatly, and the total emissions are 58.76 million tons. The CO2 storage potential in deep unworkable seam is huge with a total amount of 762 million tons, which can store CO2 for 12.97 years. During the 10-year period, the deep unworkable seam can store 587.6 million tons of CO2, and the cumulative length of pipeline is 251.61 km with requiring a cumulative capital of $ 4.26 × 1010. In the process of CO2 source-sink matching, the cumulative saving mileage of carbon sink is 98.75 km, and the cumulative saving cost is $ 25.669 billion with accounting for 39.25% and 60.26% of the total mileage and cost, respectively. Based on the three-step approach, the whole line of CO2 source and sink in Huainan coalfield can be completed by stages and regions, and all CO2 transportation and storage can be realized. CO2 pipelines include gas collection and distribution branch lines, intra-regional trunk lines, and interregional trunk lines. Based on the reasonable layout of CO2 pipelines, a variety of CCS applications can be simultaneously carried out, intra-regional and inter-regional CO2 transport network demonstrations can be built, and integrated business models of CO2 transport and storage can be simultaneously built on land and sea. The research results can provide reference for the evaluation of CO2 sequestration potential of China's coal bases, and lay a foundation for the deployment of CCUS clusters.

A holistic approach to the total energy and cost for carbon capture and sequestration

Carbon capture and sequestration from a stationary source comprises four distinct engineering processes: separation of CO2 from the other flue gases, compression, transportation, and injection into the chosen storage site. An analysis of the thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 shows that dissolving this gas in seawater at depths more than 600 m is, most likely, an optimal long-term storage method; and that for transportation, the CO2 must be in the denser supercritical state at pressures higher than 7.377 MPa. The separation, compression, transportation, and injection processes require significant energy expenditures, which are determined in this paper using realistic equipment efficiencies, for the cases of two currently in operation coal power plants in Texas. The computations show that the total energy requirements for carbon removal and sequestration are substantial, close to one-third of the energy currently generated by the two power plants. The cost analysis shows that two parameters – the unit cost of the pipeline and the discount factor of the corporation – have a very significant effect on the annualized cost of the CCS process. Doubling the unit cost of the pipeline increases the total annualized cost of the entire CCS project by 36% and increasing the discount rate from 5% to 15% increases this annualized cost by 32%.

REACTIVE FLOW IN CARBONATE ROCKS FROM LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENTS: THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND FLUID SALINITY

The high production of CO2 from Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs requires research on CO2 interactions with carbonate reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or CO2 trapping. This interaction causes reactive phenomena that are not fully understood. Experimental tests on carbonate facies are crucial for understanding reactions and their impact on reservoir characteristics. This study investigates experimentally reactions generated by reactive fluid flow in carbonate rocks from two geological scenarios by analyzing chemical and morphological parameters before and after the tests. Salinity was the most significant parameter for reactive flow, impacting porosity for modern continental carbonate samples from Patagonia. However, the sample from the Brazilian pre-salt showed higher mineral stability and less mineral dissolution. Results provide data for simulating reactive transport in these rocks for CCS and understanding diagenetic processes' impact on reservoir quality.

Rooted Divergence-Preserving Branching Bisimilarity is a Congruence for Guarded CCS

Branching bisimilarity is a well-known equivalence relation for labelled transition systems. Based on this equivalence relation, with an additional simple rootedness condition, a congruence relation for calculus of communication system (CCS) processes can be obtained. However, neither branching bisimilarity nor the corresponding congruence relation preserves divergence, and it is still a question whether, based on a divergence-preserving variant of branching bisimilarity, a divergence-preserving congruence relation for CCS processes can be obtained by introducing the same simple rootedness condition. In this article, we present a partial solution by showing that rooted divergence-preserving branching bisimilarity is preserved under the usual CCS operators, including prefixing, summation, parallel composition, relabelling, restriction, and (weakly) guarded recursion.

Clinker based on calcium looped meals from the Cleanker Project.

The Cleanker (CLEAN clinKER production by Calcium Looping process) project, financed in the framework of Horizon 2020 EU funding program, has demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated CaL concept at industrial scale in a new demo system realised in the Buzzi Unicem cement plant in Vernasca (IT). The Calcium Looping (CaL) CO2 capture process exploits the reversible reaction of limestone calcination/carbonation (CaCO3 ↔ CaO + CO2). The Cleanker pilot plant consists of the coupling of a carbonator and an oxyfuel calciner. When the flue gases from kiln (containing CO2) flow through the carbonator together with calcined meal, which acts as a CO2 sorbent, carbonation takes place and CO2 is fixed in calcium carbonate. CaO is then regenerated in the calciner, where the opposite reaction takes place, and the captured CO2 is released. When the lime/limestone looping is carried out through a carbonator and a calciner operated in oxyfuel, a concentrated CO2 stream is obtained that can be efficiently addressed towards CCS or CCUS processes. In the Cleanker Project, the possibility to use raw meal for clinker production has been exploited and the meals sampled at the outlet of the oxyfuel calciner have been characterised and used for producing clinker at a lab scale. Calcium looped (CaL) meals collected at different sampling point during the operation of the CaL plant were characterised by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and particle size distribution. Electron scanning microscopy revealed significant differences in the surface of particles of the looped meals with respect to the original one, resulting from the loading and unloading of CO2 during the looping cycles. The meals were burnt in a laboratory furnace and the obtained clinkers have been characterised on a chemical, mineralogical and microscopical point of view, revealing the good burnability of all the meals and attesting the possibility to reintegrate the materials in the clinker production process. A lower alite/belite ratio in the clinker produced from the looped meals was observed: actually, the depletion of calcium during the recirculation of the meal in the calciner/carbonator system led to a reduction of the lime saturation factor influencing the mineralogical composition of the product.

Characterization of clathrate hydrates with CO2 + 1-propanol or 2-propanol: Implications for flow assurance, refrigeration, carbon capture, and skincare applications

There has been growing interest in the use of hydrate-based technology for energy and environmental applications; however, structural characterization of some hydrate phases relevant to these applications has not been dealt with sufficiently in previous studies. This paper reports crystallographic characterization of hydrates formed in [CO2 + 1-propanol (propan-1-ol) + water] and [CO2 + 2-propanol (propan-2-ol) + water] systems with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements. It was revealed that structure I CO2 hydrate and a non-crystalline phase involving 1-propanol are formed in CO2 + 1-propanol system. As for CO2 + 2-propanol system, crystalline structure of the formed hydrate differs depending on thermodynamic conditions; at 3.3 MPa, 274 K and at 2.2 MPa, 263 K, sI CO2 hydrate was formed, whereas at lower pressure and temperature, i.e., 0.5 MPa and 255 K, a new tetragonal structure outside the canonical hydrates was identified. Implications of using 1-propanol as a thermodynamic inhibitor and kinetic promoter of hydrate formation are discussed, which opens some possibilities into petroleum exploration/production applications and the development of hydrate-based refrigeration systems. The structural identification of tetragonal (sII′) CO2 + 2-propanol hydrate sheds new light on developing hydrate-based CCS process and novel skin care products.

Coupled Reactive Two-Phase Model Involving Dissolution and Dynamic Porosity for Deformable Porous Media Based on Mixture Coupling Theory

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has attracted significant attention owing to its impact on mitigating climate change. Many countries with large oil reserves are adopting CCS technologies to reduce the impact of fossil fuels on the environment. However, because of the complex interactions between multi-phase fluids, planning for CCS is challenging. One of the challenges is the integration of chemical reactions with multi-phase hydro-mechanical relationships in deformable porous media. In this study, a multi-phase hydro-mechanical reactive model for deformable porous media is established by using mixture coupling theory approach. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach is extended to establish the basic framework and Maxwell’s relations to build multi-scale coupling. Chemical reaction coupling is achieved through the extent of the reaction and chemical affinity. The developed model can simulate CCS by considering the effect of calcite dissolution on porosity and permeability. It has been found from the simulation that the chemical reaction has a major influence on porosity and permeability change compared to both pressure and mechanical strain effect. Also, as the dissolution reaction takes place, the stress/strain decrease on the solid matrix. The results of this study successfully bridge the knowledge gap between chemical reactions and mechanical deformation. Furthermore, insights from this model hold substantial implications for refining CCS processes. By providing a more accurate prediction of pressure changes and porosity/permeability evolution over time, this research paves the way for improved CCS operation planning, potentially fostering safer, more efficient, and economically feasible climate change mitigation strategies.

Role and Advancements in Geomechanical Challenges in Carbon Capture and Sequestration

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions rapidly increased during the post-industrial revolution causing global warming issues. In order to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere Carbon Capture and Sequestration will play a key transition role to transform into clean energy by utilizing the existing oil and gas infrastructure and subsurface data. The technology comes with certain challenges, amongst them, one of the real threats is the stored CO2 leakage back into the atmosphere and at shallower surfaces. This work talks about the understanding of geomechanical risks involved in the CCS process and probable ideas to mitigate the risks. CO2 injection leads to an increase in the pressure within the pores which eventually results in a change of stress and strain conditions within the reservoir. With a proper understanding of the reservoir and with a realistic field dataset a controlled injection can avoid a formation leading to geomechanical failures. Often field data are insufficient, in such a scenario this works talks about the preventive measures that can be adopted to avoid early mentioned calamity

Adsorption Characteristics of CH4 and CO2 in Shale at High Pressure and Temperature.

This work presents the adsorption behavior and appearance characteristics of CH4 and CO2 on the Longmaxi shale at high pressure and temperature. To investigate the variation of gas adsorption patterns under the constraint of pressure and temperature, the applicability of the theories of monolayer adsorption, multilayer adsorption, and micropore filling was discussed. The preferential selection coefficient of CO2 for CH4 under different conditions was characterized by the absolute adsorption capacity (Vabs) ratio of CO2 to CH4 (αCO2/CH4). Moreover, the implication of the CO2 injection to enhance gas recovery and the CO2 capture and storage (EGR–CCS) process was analyzed. The results exhibit that the excess adsorption curves of CH4 are smooth, and the experimental temperature has no noticeable effect on the shape of curves. At the same time, a “sharp peak” is recorded in the excess adsorption curves of CO2 at low temperatures (30 and 55 °C) near the critical pressure, which is quite distinct from the smooth curves at high temperatures (80 and 100 °C). Correspondingly, there are two “jump pressure” values in the density curves (30 and 55 °C) of the adsorption system and the density curves are divided into three stages. The Dubinin–Astakhov and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) models show an optimum degree of fit for CH4 and CO2 adsorption curves under all experimental temperature and pressure conditions. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption curves of 80 and 100 °C better, while the BET model is appropriate for 30 and 55 °C. The adsorption affinity of CO2 is higher than CH4, with the value of αCO2/CH4 in the range of 2.47–12.16. The value of αCO2/CH4 increases with a rise in pressure but is inhibited by high temperatures, while the inhibition is negligible when the experimental temperature exceeds 80 °C. The adsorption preferential of CO2 is stronger in the shallow reservoir (αCO2/CH4 > 10.5), and the application prospect of the EGR process is promising. In contrast, the adsorption preferential is slightly weakened in the deep reservoir (αCO2/CH4 < 4.5), which can be considered for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage. Results from this investigation provide novel insights on the adsorption characteristics of CH4 and CO2 on the shale matrix at high pressure and temperature. They are also expected to give certain enlightenment for the EGR–CCS process.

Negative CO2 Emissions for Transportation

Negative emission technologies have recently received increasing attention due to climate change and global warming. One among them is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), but the capture process is very energy intensive. Here, a novel pathway is introduced, based on second-generation biofuels followed by carbon circulation in an indefinitely closed chain, effectively resulting in a sink. Instead of using an energy-intensive conventional CCS process, the application of an on-board solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) running on biofuels in an electric vehicle (FCEV) could result in negative emissions by capturing a concentrated stream of CO2, which is readily stored in a second tank. A CO2 recovery system at the fuel station then takes the CO2 from the tank to be transported to storage locations or to be used for local applications such as CO2-based concrete curing and synthesis of e-fuels. Incorporating CO2 utilization technologies into the FCEVs-SOFC system can close the carbon loop, achieving carbon neutrality through feeding the CO2 in a reverse-logistic to a methanol plant. The methanol produced is also used in SOFCs, leading to an infinite repetition of this carbon cycle till a saturation stage is reached. It is determined this pathway will reach typical Cradle-to-Grave negative emissions of 0.515 ton CO2 per vehicle, and total negative CO2 emission of 138 Mt for all passenger cars in the EU is potentially achievable. All steps comprise known technologies with medium to high technology readiness level (TRL) levels, so principally this system can readily be applied in the mid-term.

Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Capacity Enhanced by Incorporation of Task Specific Ionic Liquid into ZIF-8

In this present work, a task specific ionic liquid (TSIL) was encapsulated into the framework of ZIF-8 to enhance its CO2 capture capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity at post-combustion conditions. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium amino-acetate [EMIM][Gly] was selected as TSIL. TSIL@ZIF-8 composite sorbents were prepared by varying the loading of TSIL and the sorbents’ thermal stability, porous structure and crystal nature were investigated. Incorporation of TSIL into ZIF-8 has shown dramatic impact on CO2 uptake especially at below 1.0 bar. At this low-pressure range, CO2 uptake was higher than the pristine ZIF-8 for all TSIL loadings. TSIL@ZIF-8 composite with 30 wt.% TSIL reached a CO2 uptake capacity of 0.55 mmol·g-1 at 0.2 bar which was 6 times higher than the pristine ZIF-8 at the same condition. TSIL incorporated composites also exhibited much higher selectivity than the pristine ZIF-8 at all studied pressures. CO2/N2 ideal selectivity at 313 K for 30 wt.% [EMIM][Gly] loading was 28 and 19 at 0.1 and 0.2 bar, respectively. This composite sorbent with significantly higher CO2 uptake and better CO2/N2 selectivity at low pressure region (<1.0 bar) can play an important role in post-combustion CCS processes.

Utilization of tertiary amine solutions and ultrasound irradiation for CO2 desorption at low temperature in a CCS process

This study used three tertiary amine solutions as a CO2 absorbent. Ultrasound can desorb CO2 from CO2(aq) and H2CO3 species at low temperature. Tertiary amine solution with lower pKa created CO2 adsorption equilibrium at lower pH related to a higher CO2 desorption amount using 28 kHz ultrasound because the lower pH environment would increase the existence ratio of CO2(aq). Triethanolamine (TEA) with lowest pKa (7.85) showed the highest CO2 desorption ratio of 48% for 30 min irradiation at 25 °C. The CO2 absorption–desorption capacity of TEA by reuse was evaluated and found to keep the first capacity for three cycles.

Chemistry of Reservoir Fluids in the Aspect of CO2 Injection for Selected Oil Reservoirs in Poland

Worldwide experiences related to geological CO2 storage show that the process of the injection of carbon dioxide into depleted oil reservoirs (CCS-EOR, Carbon Capture and Storage—Enhanced Oil Recovery) is highly profitable. The injection of CO2 will allow an increasing recovery factor (thus increasing CCS process profitability) and revitalize mature reservoirs, which may lead to oil spills due to pressure buildups. In Poland, such a solution has not yet been implemented in the industry. This work provides additional data for analysis of the possibility of the CCS-EOR method’s implementation for three potential clusters of Polish oil reservoirs located at a short distance one from another. The aim of the work was to examine the properties of reservoir fluids for these selected oil reservoirs in order to assure a better understanding of the physicochemical phenomena that accompany the gas injection process. The chemical composition of oils was determined by gas chromatography. All tested oils represent a medium black oil type with the density ranging from 795 to 843 g/L and the viscosity at 313 K, varying from 1.95 to 5.04 mm/s. The content of heavier components C25+ is up to 17 wt. %. CO2–oil MMP (Minimum Miscibility Pressure) was calculated in a CHEMCAD simulator using the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state (SRK EoS). The oil composition was defined as a mixture of n-alkanes. Relatively low MMP values (ca. 8.3 MPa for all tested oils at 313 K) indicate a high potential of the EOR method, and make this geological CO2 storage form more attractive to the industry. For reservoir brines, the content of the main ions was experimentally measured and CO2 solubility under reservoir conditions was calculated. The reservoir brines showed a significant variation in properties with total dissolved solids contents varying from 17.5 to 378 g/L. CO2 solubility in brines depends on reservoir conditions and brine chemistry. The highest calculated CO2 solubility is 1.79 mol/kg, which suggest possible CO2 storage in aquifers.

Thermodynamic characterization of the (CO2 + O2) binary system for the development of models for CCS processes: Accurate experimental (p, ρ, T) data and virial coefficients

Continuing our study on (CO2 + O2) mixtures, this work reports new experimental (p, ρ, T) data for two oxygen-rich mixtures with mole fractions x(O2) = (0.50 and 0.75) mol·mol−1, in the temperature range T = (250–375) K and pressure range p = (0.5–20) MPa, using a single-sinker densimeter. Experimental density data were compared to two well-established equation-of-state models: EOS-CG and GERG-2008. In the p, T-range investigated, the EOS-CG gave a better reproduction for the equimolar mixture (x(O2) = 0.5), whereas the GERG-2008 performed significantly better for the oxygen-rich mixture (x(O2) = 0.75). The EOS-CG generally overestimates the density, while the GERG-2008 underestimates it. This complete set of new experimental data, together with previous measurements, is used to calculate the virial coefficients B(T, x) and C(T, x), as well as the second interaction virial coefficient B12(T) for the (CO2 + O2) system.

Determinizing monitors for HML with recursion

We examine the determinization of monitors for HML with recursion. We demonstrate that every monitor is equivalent to a deterministic one, which is at most doubly exponential in size with respect to the original monitor. When monitors are described as CCS-like processes, this doubly exponential bound is optimal. When (deterministic) monitors are described as finite automata (or as their labeled transition systems), then they can be exponentially more succinct than their CCS process form.

Static versus dynamic reversibility in CCS

The notion of reversible computing is attracting interest because of its applications in diverse fields, in particular the study of programming abstractions for fault tolerant systems. Most computational models are not naturally reversible since computation causes loss of information, and history information must be stored to enable reversibility. In the literature, two approaches to reverse the CCS process calculus exist, differing on how history information is kept. Reversible CCS (RCCS), proposed by Danos and Krivine, exploits dedicated stacks of memories attached to each thread. CCS with Keys (CCSK), proposed by Phillips and Ulidowski, makes CCS operators static so that computation does not cause information loss. In this paper we show that RCCS and CCSK are equivalent in terms of LTS isomorphism.

Thermo-physical properties of CO2 mixtures and their impacts on CO2 capture, transport and storage: Progress since 2011

The knowledge of accurate thermo-physical properties is crucial for the development and deployment of CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS). The progress on the experimental data and theoretical models regarding thermo-physical properties of CO2 mixtures as well as the property impact on the design and operation of different CCS processes has been updated. The newly published experimental data since 2011 have been collected and reviewed based on which the new knowledge gaps regarding measurements have been identified. There have also been some advanced models proposed recently, which have shown good performances. The collected model performances don’t show there exist a model that is superior to others; but they still provide a good guideline regarding model selection. However, developing more-complex models as the complexity may not necessarily improve the accuracy when empirical parameters were included and well-tuned. By comparing the importance of the properties and the accuracy of existing models, suggestions were given regarding the development of property models that should be prioritized.

Microalgae Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): An emerging sustainable bioprocess for reduced CO2 emission and biofuel production

CO2 is main contributor of global warming crisis. Among various existing carbon-capture technologies, microalgae based biological carbon-capture is one of the promising less energy consuming technology. Microalgae are gaining attention for bridging carbon mitigation and bioenergy production. Microalgae biomass is considered as CO2-neutral substitute for fossil fuel which results through net transfer of atmospheric CO2 into biomass. Traditionally, biofuel production process utilized lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Recently, microalgae rise as 3rd generation bioenergy feedstock due to its attractive higher CO2 fixation efficiency, higher biomass productivity and relatively easy pretreatment processes for various biofuel extractions. Although commercial microalgae CCS process is still at pilot scale and microalgae derived biofuels are nonviable. Further technological development in microalgae cultivation and bioenergy conversion enable the effective CO2 reduction and sustainable energy development simultaneously, and this review will update the progress in microalgae cultivation, biomass conversion to biofuel technology which can be utilized under BECCS technology.

Advancing CO2 Capture from Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants with Piperazine Scrubbing

Carbon dioxide capture and storage is widely recognized as an essential technology for limiting the global temperature rise to 2 °C by the end of the century. Technology development efforts so far focus on coal-fired power plants and other industrial sources with relatively high CO2 partial pressures. However, natural gas is increasingly used in power generation because of its abundance and low greenhouse gas impacts among the fossil fuels. For deep decarbonization that is required in the future, fossil fuels with CCS continue to play a relevant role in scenarios that balance cost of energy with climate impacts. Carbon capture from natural gas sources has been an ongoing interest to CO2 Capture Project (CCP) and its members from the oil and gas industry. This paper describes the work related to solvent-based natural gas carbon capture sponsored by CCP and pilot studies performed in collaboration with University of Texas at Austin researchers. The collaboration with University of Texas at Austin (UT) is aimed at demonstrating the application of an aqueous piperazine solution-a second-generation solvent-in a pilot plant. The goal is to test CO2 separation from synthetic flue gas representative of the exhausts from natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant (i.e. ~4 mol% CO2). The low CO2 concentration in NGCC flue gas is considered to be a challenge for many capture technologies. This work tested the performance of 5m piperazine in the UT pilot plant at a range of operating conditions, including solvent loadings, gas and liquid flow rates, assessing two different absorber configurations. High CO2 capture rates above 90% were confirmed. The pilot test results were used to verify and extend the range of applicability of the thermodynamic model developed by UT. This work increases the confidence for the application of the process models to design CCS processes for low CO2 concentrations. The model’s predictions of the pilot plant tests at low concentrations are now as accurate and reliable as those for higher CO2 concentrations where much of the data have been collected until now. Further pilot tests at NCCC are being designed to supplement the model evaluation data set for NGCC flue gas as well as to address questions related to oxidation/corrosion and cooling scheme optimization for NGCC applications.

A Study on the Improvement Measures of the Investigation of State Administration

우리 헌법 제35조는 환경권과 환경보호의무를 규정하고 있지만, 기후변화협약에 관한 국제조약을 이행하여야 할 의무에 관한 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 그렇지만 파리기후협약 등 국제조약이 헌법 제6조에 의하여 국내법과 동일한 효력을 가지게 되고, 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS : Carbon dioxide Capture & Storage) 등과 같은 다양한 수단을 통해 온실가스를 감축하도록 하고 있다. 그래서 우리나라보다 앞서서 온실가스를 감축하기 위한 정책을 입안하고 법률을 제정ㆍ개정한 영국을 비롯한 선진국들의 입법을 비교법적 관점에서 연구하고 참고하는 것이 필요하다. 특히 영국은 기후변화의 문제를 해결하고 석탄을 계속 에너지원으로 사용하기 위해 오래전부터 온실가스를 줄이기 위한 정책으로 CCS를 추진하였다. 이런 정책을 뒷받침하기 위해 단일법의 제정이 아닌 개별법의 개정을 통해 CCS에 관한 근거를 마련하고 정책과 사업을 진행하고 있다. CCS를 추진하기 위한 법률 중 「에너지법」에서는 신규 석탄화력발전소에 CCS 기술도입 의무화, 3년간 배출제한 유예, 보조금 지급을 통한 저탄소 전력발전의 유인책을 강구하였다. 그리고 「전기법」의 개정을 통해 300MW 이상의 모든 신규 연소 발전소는 CO2 포집대비(Capture Ready) 규정을 제도화하고 있다. 「작업등에서 건강과 안전법(Health & Safety at Work etc. Act)」은 2013년 4월부터 육상 및 해상 CCS 프로세스에 적용된다. 이 법에서 일반의무는 CCS 운영자가 모든 CCS 위험 관리에 비례적 접근을 취해야 한다. 이는 CO2 파이프라인의 설계, 시운전, 운전(유지 보수 및 검사 포함) 및 폐로에서 발생하는 위험 범위를 고려한 포괄적인 위험 평가를 통해 입증되어야 한다. 결국, 영국에서 추진해 왔던 기후변화정책과 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 등에 관한 정책과 잘 정비된 법률의 검토를 통해 한국에서 추진하고 있는 CCS에 대한 시사점을 얻게 되었다. 한국도 영국 등의 선진적인 입법례를 참고로 하여 CCS를 통한 이산화탄소감축을 위한 구체적인 입법을 지속적으로 해 나가야 하며, 장기적으로는 헌법개정을 통하여 기후변화노력 등에 대한 규정을 두는 것이 필요하다.Article 35 of our Constitution provides environmental rights and environmental protection obligations but does not include the obligation to implement international treaties on climate change treaties. However, international treaties such as the Paris Climate Convention have the same effect as domestic law under Article 6 of the Constitution, and require our government to make effective measure including dioxide capture and storage (CCS) to embody greenhouse gas reduction efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate law and policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ahead of Korea, and to study and refer to legislation from advanced countries including the UK, which enacted and amended laws, from a comparative legal point of view. UK has long pursued CCS as a policy to reduce greenhouse gases for climate change issues in the course of continuous using coal as an energy source. To support this policy, UK establishes the grounds for CO2 capture and storage and carries out policies and projects not by the enactment of a single law but by the method of the revision of the individual laws. The “Energy Law” established the emission standard (1 lb CO2/kWh) among the laws for promoting CCS. The Energy Law has contained the introduction of CCS technology to new coal-fired power plants, the three-year emission restriction, and subvention to encourage low-carbon power generation. Through the amendment of the Electricity Law, all new combustion plants of 300 MW above are institutionalizing the regulation of Capture Ready. “Health and Safety Law at Work etc.” will be applied to the land and marine CCS processes from April 2013. The general obligation in this Law is that CCS operators should take a proportional approach to all CCS risk management. This should be demonstrated through a comprehensive risk assessment that takes into account the range of hazards that occur in the design, commissioning, operation (including maintenance and inspection) of the CO2 pipeline and in the closed circuit. Therefore, We have gained successfully implications for CCS in Korea through the UK policies on climate change policy, carbon capture and storage, and the well-established UK laws.