CCD Imaging Technique Research Articles

Synergetic application of thermal imaging and CCD imaging techniques to detect mutton adulteration based on data-level fusion and deep residual network

To improve the performance of single thermal imaging and single CCD imaging in detecting unknown adulterated meat samples, these two imaging techniques combined with a deep residual network were synergistically applied to detect mutton adulteration. Considering the importance of spatial and detailed information in improving stability and accuracy, three data-level fusion methods, namely, colour image stitching, grey image stitching and grey channel stacking, were proposed for the fusion of thermal images and CCD images. Classification and prediction models were further developed based on fusion images. The results showed that the models with colour image stitching achieved the best performance. For the external validation set, the accuracy of the best classification model in discriminating five categories was 99.30%. In predicting pork proportions, the R2, RMSE, RPD and RER of the best prediction model were 0.9717, 0.0238, 7.8696 and 21.28, respectively. The best prediction model for duck proportions had a R2 of 0.9616, RMSE of 0.0277, RPD of 5.1015, and RER of 14.44. Therefore, the synergetic application of thermal imaging and CCD imaging can provide a novel and promising tool to detect mutton adulteration and the quality of other food items.

A Single-Benzene-Based Fluorophore: Optical Waveguiding in the Crystal Form.

A single-benzene-based, blue-emissive diethyl 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (DDT) was prepared by Fischer esterification of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHT) and ethanol. The strong fluorescence in both the solution and the solid state from such a simple framework stemmed from the push-pull structure of the electron-donating hydroxy groups and the accepting carbonyl groups, as well as structural planarity from intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds enabled DDT to crystallize easily. The color CCD imaging technique showed efficient 1D optical waveguiding with a large optical loss coefficient of 0.15 dB/μm. DDT has potential application in optical sensors, photonic devices, and optoelectronic communication, because of its highly ordered structure and light-emitting ability.

Investigating the Components of Signals Produced by the Pockels CCD Imaging Technique in CdZnTe

Several groups have demonstrated the potential of the Pockels effect in cadmium zinc telluride as a means to detect ionizing radiation. Migrating charge carriers are believed to generate the signal detected via the Pockels effect due to the distortions they create within the electric field; however, trapped space charge beneath the cathode has been regularly observed, which suggests field changes away from the charge generation area. Consequently, the Pockels signal amplitude contains a charge integrated, i.e., dose element. In this paper, the effects of electric field collapse at the location of charge carrier generation are demonstrated. This opens the potential to apply the technique for imaging dose rate distributions. Charge-coupled device images representing the changes in an electric field within the crystal were taken, and the response to illumination from a collimated 1550-nm, 4.5-mW IR laser and irradiation from 150-kVp X-rays was measured. The data demonstrate that the signal acquired is a combination of both the local change in the electric field at the location where the carriers are being released/generated and an element caused by carriers becoming trapped, leading to electric field enhancement due to space charge near the cathode and field reduction toward the anode.

Comparison of the accuracy of conventional and digital radiography in root canal working length determination: An in vitro study

Background. Digital radiography has widespread use in endodontics. Determining a correct working length is vital for a proper endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic techniques for root canal working length determination. Methods. After determining the real working lengths of 50 permanent maxillary central incisors (gold standard), the conventional (E- and F-speed films) and digital (CCD, PSP) images were obtained using the parallel technique. The mean registered working length of each modality was compared with the other and with the gold standard using one-way ANOVA at P<0.05. Results. No significant difference was found between the recorded working length values using the conventional and digital radiographic techniques (P=0.828). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there was no difference between the measurement accuracy of CCD, PSP and conventional imaging techniques in root canal working length determination.

Altered calcium metabolism in aging CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Altered neuronal calcium homeostasis is widely hypothesized to underlie cognitive deficits in normal aging subjects, but the mechanisms that underlie this change are unknown, possibly due to a paucity of direct measurements from aging neurons. Using CCD and two-photon calcium imaging techniques on CA1 pyramidal neurons from young and aged rats, we show that calcium influx across the plasma membrane increases with aging, and that this change is countered by increased intracellular calcium buffering. The additional buffer in aging neurons balances the increased calcium influx following a small number (<3) action potentials, but is overwhelmed during sustained or theta-like activity which leads to a greater rise in intracellular calcium concentration in aging than that in young neurons. Our results demonstrate that calcium overload occurs regularly in aging CA1 pyramidal neurons under physiological conditions. This overload may be a critical factor in age-related decline in hippocampus-dependent cognitive function.

Precision Parts Parallelism Error on-Line Detection Based on the CCD Imaging System

In order to meet the requirement of high precision and high efficiency in parts detection, the paper made the research on parts shape-position error on-line detection, put forward a new detection method about parts detection, applied the CCD imaging techniques into the machining quality on-line detection of parts, detected the edge points of parts image by making use of wavelet transformation and Hough transformation, fit the points using least-squares procedure and got the equation of line accurately, realized the non-contact detection of surface quality of parts. Experiment shows that the new method can detect parallelism error more accurately and effectively compared to the artificial detection method.

Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - I. The methods and data base

This is the first paper of a series in which we present new measurements of the observed rates of supernovae (SNe) in the local Universe, determined from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. We have obtained 2.3 million observations of 14 882 sample galaxies over an interval of 11 years (1998 March to 2008 December). We considered 1036 SNe detected in our sample and used an optimal subsample of 726 SNe (274 Type Ia SNe, 116 Type Ibc SNe and Type II 324 SNe) to determine our SN rates. This is the largest and most homogeneous set of nearby SNe ever assembled for this purpose, and ours is the first local SN rate analysis based on CCD imaging and modern image-subtraction techniques. In this paper, we lay the foundation of the study. We derive the recipe for the control-time calculation for SNe with a known luminosity function and provide details on the construction of the galaxy and SN samples used in the calculations. Compared with a complete volume-limited galaxy sample, our sample has a deficit of low-luminosity galaxies but still provides enough statistics for a reliable rate calculation. There is a strong Malmquist bias, so the average size (luminosity or mass) of the galaxies increases monotonically with distance, and this trend is used to showcase a correlation between SN rates and galaxy sizes. Very few core-collapse SNe are found in early-type galaxies, providing strong constraints on the amount of recent star formation within these galaxies. The small average observation interval (∼9 d) of our survey ensures that our control-time calculations can tolerate a reasonable amount of uncertainty in the luminosity functions of SNe. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to determine the limiting magnitude of each image and the SN detection efficiency as a function of galaxy Hubble type. The limiting magnitude and the detection efficiency, together with the luminosity function derived from a complete sample of very nearby SNe in Paper II, will be used to calculate the control time and the SN rates in Paper III.

Investigation of thermal expansion of PI/SiO 2 composite films by CCD imaging technique from −120 to 200 °C

The thermal expansion of the reference sample, pure copper film in the temperature range of −120 to 200 °C was first measured using the newly improved CCD imaging technique for measurement of thermal expansion of thin films. The results showed good accordance with the recommended data given by TPRC (Thermophysical Properties Research Centre, USA) handbook, verifying that the present method is valid for measuring thermal expansion of films. Then, the thermal expansion TE (Δ L/ L 0) of silica/polyimide composite films with different SiO 2 fractions i.e. 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 15 wt% prepared using the sol–gel technique was obtained in the temperature range of −120 to 200 °C using the newly improved CCD method and the differential coefficient thermal expansion (CTE) can be deduced by Δ L/ L 0 ∼ temperature relation. The CTE of SiO 2/PI composite films decreased with the increase of SiO 2 content and the decrease of temperature. An empirical equation of CTE of SiO 2/PI with SiO 2 content has been given in this paper.

Recent progress in mesospheric gravity wave studies using nigthglow imaging system

A variety of optical remote sensing techniques have now revealed a rich spectrum of wave activity in the upper atmosphere. Many of these perturbations, with periodicities ranging from � 5 min to many hours and horizontal scales of a few tens of km to several thousands km, are due to freely propagating atmospheric gravity waves and forced tidal oscillations. Passive optical observations of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (� 80-100 km) are facilitated by several naturally occurring, vertically distinct nightglow layers. This paper describes the use of state-of-the-art ground- based CCD imaging techniques to detect these waves in intensity and temperature. All-sky (180 ◦ ) image measurements are used to illustrate the characteristics of small-scale, short period (<1 hour) waves and to investigate their seasonal propagation and momentum impact on the MLT region. These results are then contrasted with measurements of mesospheric temperature made using a new temperature mapping imaging system capable of determining induced temperature amplitudes of a large range of wave motions and investigating night-to-night and seasonal variability in mesospheric temperature.

The Measuring Instrument of Plumb Coaxial Error for Longdistance Orifices Based on Laser Collimation

Introduce the measuring instrument of plumb coaxial error for long-distance orifices which is according to the measuring requests of Flange Place of experiment fast neutron reactor in nuclear power equipment and designed by combining the laser collimation technique and CCD imaging technique. The measuring instrument constructs the plumb line with utilizing the characteristic of laser and making the CDD as imaging screen, and the line is regarded as the datum line in measurement and used for measuring coaxial error of the large orifices' manufacture and assemblage under plumb state. Angle resolving power is: 0.3"; displacement resolving power is: 0.02 mm; respective degree of uncertainty of measurement results are: 0.1"; 0.01 mm. The paper detailed introduces the idiographic design principle and measure method of the measuring instrument, and analyzes the measure error. It is applied to measure the precision of manufacture and the coaxial error of assemblage of the large or heavy pipe casting equipment.

Effects of d.c. potential patterns on the performance of ion‐exchange polymer based molecular actuators

AbstractThe dynamic performance (i.e. displacement, current, velocity, and force) of ion‐exchange polymer based actuators (the Nafion™/platinum electrodes) have been examined by developing instrumentation. The CCD imaging technique was examined to evaluate the displacement under the various d.c. potential patterns. Two different d.c. potential patterns with or without a rest were applied to the electrodes at 0.1 Hz. It was better to take a rest at 0 V for the polarization back and forth between +2 and −2 V to give lower current consumption and longer displacement. The actuator produced the force of ca. 0.95 g at 3.25 V in air. The result also demonstrated that higher overpotential has to be avoided to maintain the maximum force. The generative force is in inverse proportion to the length of the actuators. The dimension of the film strongly governs the force production and its performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

2002 Leonid storm fluxes and related orbital elements

We report here the observation of the first peak belonging to the 2002 Leonid meteor storm made during the night of November 18–19, 2002. This feature, produced by a 7-revolution dust trail, was observed from several photographic stations of the Spanish Photographic Meteor Network (SPMN) and one video station operated from the Instituto de Astrofı́sica de Andalucı́a (IAA) in an intensive campaign from the ground working in collaboration with the 2002 Leonid MAC mission. We used photography, slow-scan Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) and video CCD-imaging techniques to deduce the meteoroid flux density profiles in different ranges of masses. Additionally, we present multi-station work, developed during the storm, that allows us to deduce the orbital elements of ten meteoroids associated with this dust trail. We have found a clear similarity between their orbits and the one belonging to a theoretical orbit for particles ejected from 55P/Tempel–Tuttle in 1767.

Surface Acoustic Waves And Guided Optical Waves In AlGaN Films

AbstractAlxGa1-xN layers grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrates have been tested using the surface acoustic wave and guided optical wave techniques. Samples with molar fraction of Al up to 0.36 have been investigated. The parameters S11 of single surface acoustic wave transducers and S12 of two-port devices have been measured with the network analyzer. The values of the surface acoustic wave velocity and electromechanical coupling coefficient for the layer-substrate structure have been extracted and calculated using material parameters available from literature. The attenuation of guided optical waves along the propagation track in AlxGa1-xN layers has been measured using the CCD imaging technique. The attenuation dependence on the mode order and layer thickness has been studied. Our results show that the properties of AlxGa1-xN that determine surface acoustic wave and guided optical wave propagation are similar to the properties of GaN films within a relatively wide range of x up to x =0.36.

Experimental study of external occulters for the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph 2: LASCO-C2

To reduce the level of stray light in a new-generation externally occulted space coronagraph, we consider new concepts for its external occulter and its associated diaphragm and report extended measurements of their light-rejection properties. The experimental setup, which includes an artificial Sun, uses both photometric and CCD imaging techniques and permits the study of the sensitivity to misalignement of the instrument's performance. Conic occulters that have either a multithreaded or a polished surface are found to give performances superior to those of the classical three-disk system and further are highly tolerant to misalignement. Serrated diaphragms outperform circular ones, as the bulk of the diffracted light is diverted from the coronagraphic objective.

State-Selective Angular and Velocity Distributions of Associatively Desorbing CuF Molecules Determined by CCD Imaging

The present contribution focuses on a new method of determining state-selective angular and velocity distributions of molecules desorbing from surfaces. It is based on the Doppler-resolved CCD imaging technique, i.e., exciting the molecules with an actively stabilized ring dye laser and imaging the fluorescence by a CCD camera. To analyze the two-dimensional images, a closed form mathematical procedure is used. The technique is applied to associatively desorbing CuF molecules in the reaction of molecular fluorine with copper surfaces. For all rovibrational CuF product levels investigated, the desorbing molecules exhibit a cosn θ, n = 1, distribution. Assuming that the velocity distributions of the desorbing CuF molecules are Maxwellian, the fitted translational temperatures are equal to the surface temperature within the error limits, proving an indirect reaction mechanism in agreement with previously determined internal state distributions [Bracker, A.; Jakob, P.; Näher, U.; Rüdiger, M.; Sugawara, K.; Wanner, J. Can. J. Chem. 1994, 72 (J. C. Polanyi Special Issue), 643].

An empirical model of morphologies of Planetary Nebulae

The variety of different morphologies of planetary nebulae (PNs) have always fascinated researchers in the field. Recent progress in CCD imaging techniques has resulted in a large number of homogeneous optical images of more than a few hundreds PNs (Balick 1987, Schwarz, Corradi and Melnick 1992). In addition, two major radio surveys using the Very Large Array (VLA) by Aaquist and Kwok (1990, 1991) and by Zijstra, Pottasch and Bignell (1989) have revealed detailed morphologies in the radio, including many compact star-like PNs. This treasure of data sets contains useful information about morphologies, density distributions, formation and evolution of PNs, yet to be fully explored.

Multicolor detection of high-redshift quasars, 1: Two objects at Z greater than 4

view Abstract Citations (9) References (15) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Multicolor Detection of High-Redshift Quasars. I. Two Objects at z>4 Smith, J. D. ; Thompson, D. ; Djorgovski, S. Abstract We present detections of two quasars at z > 4, using a multicolor wide- field CCD imaging technique. The quasars were previously discovered in a photographic survey by Irwin, McMahon, and Hazard, but have not been fully documented in the literature. Here we provide the basic information on them, which can be used for a variety of followup studies. The wide- field CCD imaging technique is demonstrated to work well as a tool for discovery of high-redshift quasars, and could reach to magnitude levels deeper than those achieved by the Schmidt-plate based photographic surveys. Publication: The Astronomical Journal Pub Date: January 1994 DOI: 10.1086/116832 Bibcode: 1994AJ....107...24S Keywords: Active Galactic Nuclei; Galactic Evolution; Quasars; Red Shift; Star Formation; Stellar Color; Charge Coupled Devices; Color-Color Diagram; Imaging Techniques; Sky Surveys (Astronomy); Astrophysics; QUASARS: ABSORPTION LINES; QUASARS: EMISSION LINES full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (2) NED (2) Related Materials (1) Part 2: 1994AJ....108.1147S

固体撮像装置を応用した不快なまぶしさの計測

固体撮像装置を応用した不快なまぶしさの計測