Cc Of Water Research Articles

The Effect of Cordia myxa Mouthwash on the Incidence and Severity of Stomatitis in Leukemia Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Protocol Study

Background: Stomatitis, or oral inflammation, is one of the common complications in patients undergoing chemotherapy, causing pain, discomfort, infection, and prolonged hospitalization. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Cordia myxa mouthwash on preventing stomatitis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods and Result: This study will be a double-blind, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial focusing on 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy. The samples will be randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In addition to receiving the routine Betadine mouthwash, participants in the intervention group will receive a solution of 30 drops of 5% C. myxa formulation in 20 cc of water, and they will be asked to put the solution in their mouth, swirl it for a minute, and then spit it out. In the control group, in addition to Betadine mouthwash, a sterile water placebo (with the same taste and smell) will be used. The data will be analyzed based on statistical tests using SPSS version 22. Conclusions: If this intervention proves effective in improving access and adherence to treatment, it would represent a step forward in addressing a chronic health problem common among leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Given its natural essence and the fact that it is not associated with any complications, C. myxa mouthwash can be used safely alongside the main treatment to prevent and reduce the severity of mouth ulcers caused by chemotherapy.

Associations between constipation risk and lifestyle, medication use, and affective symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

To investigate the association between lifestyle and atypical antipsychotic drug use in patients with schizophrenia and the risk of constipation and to assess the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on constipation risk. Cross-sectional convenience sampling was employed, and 271 participants aged 20-65 were enrolled. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprising participants' demographic data, medication information, dietary behavior assessment, and the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. IBM SPSS 24.0 with multivariate logistic regression was used for data analysis. We performed a subgroup analysis of anticholinergic drugs via multivariate logistic regression. In total, 180 participants had functional constipation; risk factors included female sex, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quetiapine and aripiprazole use. Patients who drank more than 3,000cc of water daily or used risperidone were less likely to have functional constipation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were risk factors even after adjusting for sex, use of anticholinergics and laxatives, consuming two servings of fruit, consuming three servings of vegetables, consuming more than 3,000cc of water daily, physical activity, medical comorbidity, chlorpromazine equivalent dose, and atypical antipsychotic use. Similar associations were found for two affective symptoms and functional constipation in the subgroup analysis of anticholinergic drugs. The prevalence of functional constipation in patients with schizophrenia was 66.4%. The risk factors included female sex, anticholinergics, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Risperidone users and those who drank 3000cc of water daily were less likely to have constipation.

#2986 Patiromer for hyperkalemia in the early post-transplant period

Abstract Background and Aims Hyperkalemia is a serious condition among kidney transplant (KT) recipients, which can lead to life-threatening complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Following kidney transplantation, the causes of hyperkalemia are multifactorial owing to graft function, excess potassium repletion, comorbidities, and medications used in the peri- and post-operative setting. The risk for hyperkalemia is increased immediately post-transplantation, particularly in those with suboptimal graft function and higher calcineurin inhibitors levels. A rapidly rising potassium refractory to medical therapy can be an indication for dialysis. Managing hyperkalemia after kidney transplantation is associated with increased morbidity and healthcare costs. In that manner, newer alternatives such as patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate have emerged due to their potentially superior efficacy and safety profiles. Method This is an observational, retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of patiromer for hyperkalemia management in adult transplant recipients over the first 3 months post-transplant period, between January and December 2022 (since patiromer is available in our hospital pharmacy). We included all the kidney transplant recipients of our hospital, with the exception of those with primary graft failure. Information concerning the donor, recipient, graft, drugs pre and post-transplant, fluid therapy, transfusions, and blood tests (ions, blood gases, glycemia, kidney function measurements, anticalcineurin inhibitors levels) were collected. Patiromer was administered in a single-daily dose, diluted in 250 cc of water, in the afternoon, at least 2 hours separated of other drugs. Results In total, 69 recipients were included in the analysis. 94% were from deceased donors and 54% from donation after cardiac death. The average age of the entire cohort was 55 years and 66% were male. Medical history of each KT recipients reveal that 89% has hypertension, 32% diabetes, and 35% previous cardiopathy. Hypertension treatment before the KT included beta-blockers (39%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (37%). The incidence of hyperkalemia (K ≥ 5.5 mmol/L) was 29.7% in the first three months, mostly in the first week (21.6%). Patiromer was administered to 37% of them. For the 88.5% an initial dose of 8.4 g/day was enough. Although, 27% required an increase of the dose to 16.8 g/day and 8% to 25.2 g/day. The changes in serum potassium levels following the first patiromer dose are shown in Graphic 1. The mean time duration of the patiromer treatment was 14.5 days (3.7-36.7). However, 27% continue with patiromer beyond three months. There was no significant difference in the dose/levels of tacrolimus neither in the serum magnesium levels between patients with or without patiromer. No gastrointestinal complications were observed following the use of patiromer. Conclusion Patiromer may play an important role in the management of hyperkalemia over the first weeks after KT, allowing a significant and sustained reduction of the serum potassium levels, although additional long-term studies are necessary to confirm these effects.

Influence of Microinjection of Kynurenic acid into the Pre-Botzinger Complex on Swallowing in the Cat

Recent evidence supports the involvement of the pre-BÖtzinger complex (pre-BOT) in spatiotemporal features of swallowing and swallowing-breathing coordination in mice. We hypothesized that pharmacological disruption of glutamate neurotransmission in this brainstem region would perturb the swallow motor pattern in anesthetized cats. Electromyograms (EMGs) of upper airway muscles were recorded in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats (n=5). Swallowing was induced by injection of 3 cc of water into the oropharynx. Multi-barrel micropipettes were employed to inject artificial cerebrospinal fluid or kynurenic acid (KYN; 50 mM, 44±3 nL per injection) bilaterally into the region of the pre-BOT. Microinjection sites were confirmed histologically by detection of fluorescent beads that were suspended in the microinjectate. Blocking glutamate-related neuronal excitation by bilateral microinjections of the nonspecific glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid had no effect on the number of swallows induced by water injection (control 2.3±0.3; KYN 3.0±0.7; P<0.32). Swallow durations were significantly increased following microinjections of KYN from 691±54 ms to 812±81 ms (p<0.04). KYN significantly reduced the magnitudes of geniohyoid (control 97±3 % of median; Kyn 47±12% of control median, p<0.02), thyrohyoid (control 100±3% of median; KYN 69±8% of control median, p<0.01), and posterior cricoarytenoid (control 103±2% of median; KYN 74±8% of control median, p<0.04) muscle EMGs during swallowing. There was no significant effect of microinjection of KYN on the magnitudes of thyroartytenoid, mylohyoid, or thyropharyngeus electromyograms during swallowing. The results suggest that disruption of glutamate neurotransmission in the preBOT has preferential effects consistent with actions on motor drive to hypoglossal and ventrolateral motoneuron pools that participate in swallowing. Lengthening of swallow duration induced by KYN supports a role for the preBOT in modulating the excitability of the swallow oscillatory circuit. NIH HL163008; NIH HL 131716; HL 155721. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Interventions of warm blanket compresses and aromatherapy on blood pressure of post-surgery patients

Background: Post-surgery is a condition that is prone to post-surgery complications. During this condition the patient is in the recovery room and observations are made on the function of circulation, respiration and consciousness. Surgical procedures carry the risk of disrupting body integrity and can even become a threat to the patient's life. Effective therapy is used to overcome problems experienced by patients in post-operative care. One of the therapies carried out is by combining warm compresses using blankets and aromatherapy which is expected to have a stronger effect in increasing tolerance of the body's regulatory system to changes in blood pressure. Purpose: This research proves the effectiveness of the combined intervention of providing warm blanket compresses and essential aroma therapy to determine changes in blood pressure in patients after surgery. Method: The research is true experimental research with a pretest-posttest design. This study had 60 respondents who were divided into 2 groups and were taken using random sampling method techniques. The research was conducted on 26 December 2022 – 28 January 2023. In this research statistical analysis was carried out computerized. The pre-test post-test difference test uses the Wilcoxon test. The difference test between groups uses Mann – Whitney. Results: Receiving a combination of warm compresses, blankets heated to a temperature of 44 Celsius for 30 minutes and giving 4 drops of essential aromatherapy in 100 cc of water with diffusion for 15 minutes. This research shows that there is a significant difference in the average value of blood pressure reduction. Conclusion: The combination of giving warm blanket compresses and essential aromatherapy was effective in reducing blood pressure in patients after spinal anesthesia surgery in the recovery room with significant results obtained, namely with a pre value of 134.30 mmHg and a post value of 120.80. Diastolic values ​​were significant, namely with a pre-value of 88.10 mmHg and a post value of 79.67. The mean delta value for systolic blood pressure in the intervention group was -14.50 mmHg in the control group and -6.70 mmHg. The mean delta value for diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was -8.43 mmHg in the control group and -4.83 mmHg.

The Application of Cinnamon Compresses To Reduce Pain Scale In Older Age With Gout Arthritis: Case Study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The main complaint of patients with Gout Arthritis is pain problems. Bat to treat joint pain problems in the elderly with Gout Arthritis in total still does not exist, but there are many treatment options to relieve symptoms can be done. Giving warm compresses using cinnamon spices (cinnamomun burmani) containing eugenol and cinamaldehid can reduce the sensitivity of the nociceptor, so as to relieve pain symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the administration of cinnamon compresses in the elderly with Gout Arthritis with chronic pain nursing problems.Methods: This research uses a descriptive method with a case study approach. Samples used by 2 elderly people with Gout Arthritis using the format of family nursing care assessment, and pain scale assessment. The application of cinnamon compress is done for 4x a week using cinnamon liquid as much as 2 ml, with 200 cc of water, at a temperature of 40-450C, followed by compress for 15-20 minutes using a washlap. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysisResults: After applying cinnamon compresses four times a week, the study showed a decrease in pain intensity before and after the intervention was given to the two subjects. The subject's pain intensity decreased from moderate pain intensity to mild pain.Conclusion: The application of cinnamon compresses is effective in reducing the intensity of Gout Arthritis pain.Keywords: Cinnamon; Compress; Gout Arthritis; Painful

Skrining Fitokimia Sayur Bening Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera)

Introduction: The mortality rate is an important health indicator and reflects the degree of health in an area. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high. The infant mortality rate is largely due to nutritional factors. Some diseases that arise due to malnutrition include pneumonia, diarrhea, and perinatal. Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce infant morbidity and mortality. The most common reason found in breastfeeding mothers who stop breastfeeding is due to insufficient milk production. Utilization of plants/vegetables such as Moringa Oleifera is often used by the community to increase milk production. The most widely used processing of Moringa Oleifera by nursing mothers is to make it a clear vegetable. The aim of this study was to screen for phytochemicals on the clear vegetables of Moringa Oleifera.
 Methods: The method in this study was to carry out laboratory tests on clear vegetable Moringa Oleifera consisting of 150 grams of Moringa Oleifera, 750 cc of water, and salt to taste. Alkaloid screening used Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents, while steroids used acetic acid, anhydrous and concentrated H2SO4 reagents.
 Results: The results showed that the clear vegetable of Moringa oleifera showed the content of alkaloid and steroid compounds.
 Conclusion: Utilization of clear vegetable moringa leaves is an alternative that can be used to overcome the problem of insufficient milk production, besides being cheap and easy to obtain.
 Suggestion: Future researchers are advised to conduct research that can be directly applied to breastfeeding mothers to prevent failure of exclusive breastfeeding due to insufficient milk production.

The Impact of a Single Exhaustive Training Session with Protein Supplementation on Muscle Damage Markers in Young Cyclists

This study aimed to investigate thei of a single exhaustive training session with protein supplementation on muscle damage markers in young cyclists. Twenty professional cyclists with experience at local and national championship levels were recruited using a convenience sampling method. They were divided into an experimental group (n=10; mean age 21.4±4.7 years; body mass index (BMI) = 20.56±2.12 kg/m2) and a placebo group (n=10; mean age 19.1±4.1 years; BMI = 21.48±3.96 kg/m2). Blood samples were collected in a fasted state to measure phospho creatine kinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The experimental group consumed a solution containing 400 mg of protein powder (100 mg per kilogram of body weight) with 400 cc of water, while the placebo group consumed a solution containing maltodextrin powder (100 mg per kilogram of body weight). A second blood sample was taken one hour after supplementation. Participants did not engage in any physical activity during the supplementation period. After a 10-minute warm-up, the Wingate test was performed, and blood samples were collected 24 and 48 hours after the test. The findings indicated that one exhaustive training session with protein supplementation did not have a significant effect on CPK (p=0.126) and LDH (p=0.526) concentrations in professional cyclists. Post-CPK and LDH concentrations were highest at 24 and 48 hours after strenuous activity. Based on this study, a single exhaustive training session with protein supplementation did not significantly impact muscle injury markers in young cyclists. Therefore, alternative nutritional recommendations and strategies should be considered.

An Enclosed Plant Terrarium is a Renewable Source of an Aqueous f\ Form of Hybrid-Plasma

Introduction: In previous reports we described a newly discovered non-thermal plasma formed without input of external energy. Moreover, this Hybrid- plasma consisted of the gas/water combination. In the present study we used the gaseous form to produce a mainly aqueous Hybrid-plasma. Methods: A dehumidifier was activated and placed in a sealed plastic container holding twelve broad leaf plants in which maximum levels of ion counts and humidity had been registered indicative of the presence of Hybrid-plasma gas. After 24 hours, the device was removed and 100-125 cc of water was collected. When the ion counts and humidity returned, to initial levels in the plant container the water extraction process was repeated (n=7). Protocol 1: Cut flowers of pink carnations were obtained from a local garden center. Two beakers were filled with either 150 cc of distilled water or dehumidified water. Branches with buds starting to flower were photographed daily for 10 days. Protocol 2: Distilled water, 150 cc was placed in snap cover plastic containers (n=5). Another set of 5 were similarly filled with the dehumidified water. Both sets were instrumented with hygrometers. Results: After dehumidifying, the percent changes of the ion count and humidity values from starting levels averaged 36% and 41%, in the enclosed plant terrarium respectively. After 24 hours the ion count was restored to maximum levels and humidity registered close to 90% after 7 iterations. After 10 days the bud in tap water had blossomed into a full grown flower, buds in Hybrid-water was essentially the same as at the start of the study. After 24hours humidity in all plastic containers with dehumidified water registered 99% whereas the humidity in the distilled water containers ranged from 89-92%. Conclusions: The aqueous form of Hybrid-plasma can be extracted from a gaseous form by using a dehumidifier. Flower buds grown in Hybrid-water fail to bloom whereas those in tap water blossomed over the same time period. Placed in a sealed container, Hybrid water uniformly registered maximum levels (99%, n=7); Distilled water values ranged from 89-92%.

Internal podalic version of second twin: Improving feet identification using a simulation model

BackgroundPodalic version and breech extraction require high obstetrical expertise. Identifying fetal extremities is the first crucial step for trainees. When this skill is not polished enough, it increases the inter-twin delivery interval and can even jeopardize the whole manoeuver. Material and methodsWe present a model for simulating and training this specific skill, with obstetrical mannequin, and 3D printed hands and feet. Five feet and five hands (five rights and five lefts of each one) were printed in 3D after initial ultrasound acquisition of a near term fetus. Each foot and hand, was individually set in a condom filled with 100 cc of water and closed with a knot. A Sophie’s Mum Birth Simulator Version 4.0 de MODEL-med was placed on the edge of the table. Each hand and foot was inserted into the pelvic mannequin.An evaluation of the students’ skills using this model was performed. A significant reduction of the global mean to extract the first foot and all the feet was noticed at three month of interval. ConclusionThis model is an option to train and assess a crucial skill for version and breech extraction.

Design of Dry Cell HHO Generator using NaCl Solution for Hydrogen Production

Excessive use of electricity produces emissions, as well as carbon will have impact on global warming because electricity mostly still using fossil-based energy. The usage of other alternative energy is beneficial to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. Researchers are currently working to reduce the use of fossil energy by using renewable energy. Among the most common alternative energies found is water, so this research focuses on designing dry cell type HHO (Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen) Generator technology with hydrogen gas water electrolysis. The HHO generator functions to break water (H2O) into hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, known as HHO. Electrolysis testing using NaCl and a storage tube to see the rise and fall of water from the gas produced. NaCl used weighing 20 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams, and 100 grams dissolved in 500 cc of water. The results of the data obtained, many uses of NaCl produce hydrogen gas faster, the data shows 100 grams of NaCl at 180-210 seconds produces a gas volume of 175 CC compared to 20 grams produces a gas volume of 75 CC, 50 grams produces 125 CC, and 75 grams produces 150 CC

ASSESSMENT OF TC-99M MDP ABSORBED DOSE AND RESIDENCE TIME AFTER BONE SCAN EXAMINATION: PERSONAL DOSIMETER MEASUREMENTS AND SEMI-EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR 210 PATIENTS IN TAIWAN

Subject: This study assessed the absorbed dose for patients who underwent Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonates (MDP) bone scan examination based on a series of personal dosimeter measurements and a derived semi-empirical formula. Material and methods: 210 volunteers among the patients, who were administrated 925 MBq Tc-99m MDP for the bone scan examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Dalin Tuzchi Hospital, Taiwan, underwent personal dosimeter measurements at 30, 120, and 180[Formula: see text]min after the injection. A personal dosimeter was held at a 30[Formula: see text]cm distance from the patient’s stomach. The acquired data were analyzed to derive the residence time of Tc-99m radionuclide in the patient’s body. Five biological parameters (gender, age, BMI, eGFR, and creatinine) of these 210 patients were collected and processed by the STATISTICA program, yielding a nonlinear 16-term first-order semi-empirical formula for the radionuclide residence time prediction. The respective four- and three-factor calculations, excluding creatinine and eGFR, provided poor correlation. Results and Conclusion: According to the phantom concept, treating a patient’s body as a homogenous spherical ball, a simplified formula was used to assess the absorbed dose rate and magnitude. Therefore, the derived residence time, dose rate, and absorbed dose were [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min, [Formula: see text]Sv/min, and [Formula: see text]Sv, respectively. These results were lower than those obtained in previous studies, which can be attributed to accelerated radionuclide excretion of patients who drank 2000 cc of water after the procedure, yielding shorter residence times.

The Effect of Oxymel Syrup on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese People: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

High blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. With regard to the significant role of a healthy diet in the prevention and even treatment of diseases together with the high cost and side effects of drugs, finding foods effective in the treatment of metabolic disorders has been widely considered. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxymel – an Iranian traditional syrup with vinegar base – on cardiovascular risk indicators in obese and overweight people. Candidates were selected based on a set of inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of control and test. The control group received 250 cc of water, while the test group received 250 cc water containing 30 cc of the oxymel for 30 days. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level. However, weight (P = 0.053) and cholesterol (P = 0.083) decreased relatively significantly in the test group compared to the control group. This study shows that consumption of oxymel has positive cardiovascular effects such as lowering the blood cholesterol level and can contribute to weight loss; however, studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

PENGARUH SEDUHAN RIMPANG KUNYIT KUNING (Curcuma longa Linn.) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN BACAAN

Increasing globalization makes humans need the knowledge to compete globally. One way to increase knowledge is by reading. Reading comprehension is the process of interpreting a reading in order to gain a thorough knowledge of the passage. Therefore it is necessary to consume beverages to improve energy and cognitive function. In this study, the researcher used yellow turmeric rhizome steeping as an enhancer of cognitive function. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of consuming yellow turmeric rhizome steeping on the cognitive function which is reading comprehension. This study was quasi-experimental, comparative using pretest and post-test design, conducted on 30 men aged between 18-22 years. Participants were asked to do a reading comprehension test (pretest) than consume 200 cc of water mixed with 10 grams of yellow turmeric rhizome powder. Participants took rest for 90 minutes and asked to do a reading comprehension test (post-test). The measured data was the reading comprehension test score, in the form of a correct answer of 10 questions. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The average score of correct answers increased very significantly, before consuming yellow turmeric steeping was 47,33 to 73,33 after consuming yellow turmeric rhizome steeping with p < 0,001. Therefore yellow turmeric rhizome steeping increases reading comprehension.

Feasibility study on carbonated water for Doppler imaging in medical ultrasonic applications

A medium other than the blood-mimicking fluid generally used for a Doppler ultrasound that allows the appearance of blood-like responses in ultrasound images is investigated in this study. To create the media used in this study, sugar, salt, and starch (1 g each) were diluted in 50 cc of water, and along with distilled water, cooking oil, and carbonated water (50 cc each) without dilution, were then individually added into six latex balloons. A water tank of 18 (W) × 30 (L) × 10 (H) cm3 was filled with water, and all six balloons containing a prepared fluid were fixed three each on opposite walls of the tank 3 cm below the water surface. To obtain a proper Doppler ultrasound, the gain was set to 54, 60, and 66, and the color Doppler was measured. A qualitative evaluation was conducted through blind tests by 15 radiologists, and the coefficient of variation (COV), natural image quality evaluator (NIQE), and blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) were used for a quantitative evaluation. In the evaluations, carbonated water was evaluated as achieving a clear flow (p < 0.05) and a high value in all cases with a change in gain. This study investigated the Doppler sensitivity using sugar water, salt water, starch, cooking oil, distilled water, and carbonated water, and confirmed that carbonated water achieves the highest Doppler sensitivity. The results of this study can be utilized as basic data in various future studies on Doppler sensitivity using carbonated water.

The Effect of Giving Date Palm Juice on the Duration of the First Stage of Labor in Sele Be Solu Hospital, Sorong City

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in the world in 2017 is 216 per 100.00 live births and 99% of them are due to childbirth problems in Indonesia. One of the causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia is prolonged labor. The labor process requires optimal energy and stamina. One intake of energy/nutrition for childbirth is Date Palm juice, a mixture of 100 grams of dates with ± 200 cc of water blended using a blender. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dates palm juice on the duration of the first stage of labor in Sele Be Solu Hospital in Sorong City. The research design uses Quasy Experiment (quasi-experimental) with Non-equivalent Posttest Only Control Group. Time and place of research 20 May - 15 June 2019 at Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital, Sorong City. A sample of 32 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was giving of date palm juice and the dependent variable was the normal labor duration of the first stage of labor. Data collection used observation sheets and partographs. Statistical analysis using Independent T-Test with a significance level of 0.05. After giving date palm juice to the intervention group p-value = 0,000 ? = 0.05 was obtained. There is an effect of Date Palm juice to facilitate normal labor duration of the first stage at Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital in Sorong City.

Precision and Effects of a Small Meal on DXA-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue, Appendicular Lean Mass, and Other Body Composition Estimates In Nonobese Elderly Men

Background: Information on precision errors and the least significant change (LSC) of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition estimates is scarce, particularly for the appendicular lean mass (ALM) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI). Overnight fasting is recommended for body composition measurements but has not been well tolerated by some elderly patients. This study aimed to establish precision errors and LSC values of body composition estimates in all regions—including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and ALM—and the ALMI to assess the effect of a small meal on body composition and to estimate the changes it incurred. Methodology: Our institutional review board approved the study protocol. Altogether, 36 non-obese men aged ≥60 years, having given written informed consent, underwent body composition assessment after fasting overnight except for water. They underwent DXA scans three times, each time with repositioning (to simulate the clinical setting), the last after consuming a standardized meal (210–250 g and 200 cc of water). Results: Precision errors and LSC values of DXA-derived body composition estimates in these elderly men tended to be higher than those in reports on younger subjects. Coefficients of variation (CVs (%)) of total bone mass (Tb.BMC) and total lean mass (Tb.LM) were <1%, whereas those of total fat mass (Tb.FM) and total %fat mass (Tb.%FM) were <2%, with LSCs of 45.8 g, 706.52 g, 731.4 g, and 1.15%, respectively. The CVs (LSC) of VAT, ALM, and ALMI were 8.9% (150.65 g), 0.93% (501 g), and 0.94% (0.19), respectively. After meal consumption, the mean changes in Tb.FM, Tb.BMC, and Tb.LM were −100, −8.2, and 440 g, respectively. Conclusions: Effects of a small meal on most parameters were trivial, including those for VAT, ALM, and ALMI, where changes were not statistically significant. None exceeded the LSC of ALM and ALMI, suggesting that a small meal is allowable before these measurements.

Effectiveness of Boiled Cherry Leaf (muntingia calabura L) and Figs Leaves (Ficus Carica) Toward SGOT SGPT Serum of Male Wistar Strain Rats with Acute Hepatitis Models

Hepatitis is inflammation of liver cells. There are two contributing factors: infectious factors and non-infectious factors. Factors causing infection include hepatitis viruses and bacteria. Non-infectious factors for example of drugs usage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled cherry leaves (muntingia calabura L) and Figs leaves (Ficus Carica) to reduce SGOT SGPT levels. The objects in this study were 30 male Wistar strain rats aged 2-3 months with a weight of 180-200 grams. Rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: negative control group, positive control group and treatment group. The positive treatment and control group was induced paracetamol 120 mg / day orally for 7 days. 0.4 grams of Figs leaves (Ficus Carica) and 5 grams of Cherry leaves (muntingia calabura L) is boiled in 200 cc of water to 100 cc of water given as much as 3.6cc orally for 7 days in the treatment group. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24, ANOVA test was performed to compare SGOT SGPT levels. The results showed there were significant differences in SGPT SGPT levels between the treatment and positive control groups (p &lt;0.05). In conclusion, the boiled water of Figs leaves (Ficus Carica) and cherry leaves (muntingia calabura L) have an effect in decreasing SGOT SGPT serum in male wistar strain rats with acute hepatitis model

Effectiveness of boiled Comfrey Leaf (Symphytum Officinale L) on Ureum Creatinine Serum in Male Wistar Strain of Acute Kidney Failure model.

Acute kidney failure is a decrease in kidney that occurs only in a matter of hours even days which can be seen from decreased urine production and increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of boiled comfrey leaf (symphytum officinale L) on Ureum Creatinine Serum in Male Wistar Strain of Acute Kidney Failure model. This research used 30 male Wistar strain rats weighing 180-200 grams and aged 2-3 months that were divided into 3 groups, namely negative group (only given minerals), positive group (kidney damaged by gentamicin 0.3cc IP / day) and the treatment group (the kidneys were damaged with gentamicin 0.3cc IP / day and 2.8 g of boiled comfrey leaf in 150 cc of water and 2.7 cc were given orally for 7 days). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24, one way ANOVA test was performed to compare the levels of ureum and creatinine. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the ureum of the treatment group and the positive group (p &lt;0.05) but there was no significant difference in the ureum value between the treatment group and the negative group. There was a significant difference in creatinine values between the treatment group, positive group and negative group (p &lt;0.05). As a Conclusion boiled comfrey leaf (symphytum officinale L) water has an effect on decreasing serum levels of ureum creatinine in male rats wistar strain of acute kidney failure model.

Comparative Investigation of the Levels of BDNF and NGF Genes Expressions in the Brains of Male and Female Newborn Methimazole-Induced hypothyroidism in NMRI mice

One of the endocrine glands that play a significant role in the development of the prenatal brain is Thyroid. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the levels of BDNF and NGF gene expressions in the brains of male and female babies born on the first day methimazole-induced hypothyroidism Mice with NMRI race. In this study, 30 mature mice of Albino NMRI race were selected. Mice (Albino NMRI) were identified using after mating. In the next stage, we divided mice into three groups (high-dose intervention, low-dose intervention and control groups). Pure water was given during pregnancy to the control group. In the low dose group until the end of pregnancy given 20 mg of methimazole that dissolved in 100 cc of water. Also, in the high-dose group during period pregnancy until the end, they were given 100 mg of methimazole that dissolved in 100 cc of water. After the end of pregnancy, blood samples were taken from the mother's mice to determine the amount of T3 and T4 present in the bloodstream. In the end stage, the brain of one-day mice was removed and to determine the expression of BDNF, NGF we used to RT-PCR. According to the result this study, amount of T4 and T3 in the control group and low dose (27 and 1.59 ng/dl, and 8 and 0.87 ng/dl), respectively indicating a significant reduction in the expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF gene (P<0.05). Based on result of this study, between the high dose and control group there was significant relationship reduction in the expression (P<0.05).