Cavity Profile Research Articles

Research on supercavitation phenomenon under the effect of flow field disturbance

To study the effect of flow disturbances on the supercavitating mechanism and the projectile's stability, several numerical studies are carried out on the flow characteristics of supercavity under various sinusoidal waveform functions. Particular attention is given to the effect of wave height, wavelength, and initial velocity on the cavity profile, and projectile resistance. The results indicate that under the effect of periodic height-increasing waves, the wave height and initial velocity are the key factors affecting the resistance. The peak resistance coefficient increases with the increase of wave height and decreases with the rise of initial velocity. Under the effect of periodic height-decreasing waves, the resistance undergoes ‘Fluctuation’ - ‘Stabilization’ - ‘re-Fluctuation’ - ‘re-Stabilization’ stages, and the dimensionless value ‘f = |(v-vf)|/(vf·t)’ of each stage shows sinusoidal fluctuations. When the minimum value of f approaches 0.0375, the cavity and resistance are relatively stable. While f in (0.0125, 0.025) range, it enters into ‘re-Fluctuation’ stage. When f < 0.0125, it keeps ‘re-Stabilization’ stage. The resistance reaches the ‘Stabilization’ stage earlier with the maximum wave height decreases. As the wavelength decreases, the projectile drag coefficient exhibits opposite characteristics during the ‘Fluctuation’ and ‘re-Fluctuation’ stages.

On the water entry impact characteristics of high-speed vehicle with an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method

This paper investigates the fluid-structure interaction process of high-speed vehicles during water entry using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Through mesh independence verification and comparison of numerical simulation results with experimental data and empirical formulas, the reliability and accuracy of the computational method are confirmed. The study comprehensively analyzes flow field pressure distribution, cavity evolution characteristics, and vehicle force features, evaluating the impact of water-entry angle, Froude number (Fr), and cavitator dimension. The results indicate that during water entry, the instantaneous impact forces are mainly concentrated on the wetted surface at the bottom of the vehicle and the plane at the head. The peak stress at the entry point is significantly higher than at other locations, and stress waves propagate along the vehicle body, concentrating at the hollow structure due to the structural characteristics. The change in water-entry angle does not significantly affect the decay of Fr for the vehicle, but increasing the water-entry angle leads to an earlier and larger peak stress at the mid-point monitoring location of the vehicle. In addition, the study also found that the stress level increases with the increase of the Froude number, resulting in larger high-stress areas and peak stresses. However, the cavity evolution at the same water-entry depth is essentially independent of the variation in Fr. With the increase in cavitator dimension, the water-entry load and cavity profile will also significantly increase, and vehicles with larger cavitator dimension will generate larger stress waves upon impact.

Three-dimensional changes and influencing factors of tent space following osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting: A 48-month retrospective radiographic study.

To analyze the three-dimensional stability and morphologic changes of tent space after the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedures without bone grafts. Forty-six implants placed using the OSFE technique with simultaneous implant placement without bone grafts were included in this retrospective study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the augmented sinuses were obtained pre- and postoperatively up to 48 months of follow-up. The maxillary sinus cavity profiles were outlined using three-dimensional virtual reconstruction and superimposition of CBCT scans. The three-dimensional changes in the tent space were measured. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to explore potential factors. The implant survival rate was 97.8%. The mean volume of remaining tent space immediately after surgery was 96.8 ± 70.5 mm3, shrinking to 31.0 ± 24.9 mm3 after 48 months, while the mean percentage of remaining tent space volume decreased to 29.1 ± 20.7%. The tent space volume and the percentage of residual tent space volume only decreased significantly within 12 months after surgery (p = .008, .013). GEE results indicated positive correlations between the percentage of remaining tent space volume and implant protrusion length (p = .000) and apical height (p = .000), with a negative correlation between the sinus floor area immediately after surgery (p = .002) and the healing time (p = .022). The volume of the tent space rapidly shrank after OSFE without bone grafts. Several factors might influence the tent space stability. Long-term clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to further validate the results.

Research of the Influence of Lateral Inflow Angles on the Cavitation Flow and Movement Characteristics of Underwater Moving Objects

This study examined the multi-phase flow field for a single object and two parallel/series objects under different incoming angles of lateral flow. The volume of fluid model, the Sauer–Schnerr cavitation model, and the six degrees of freedom (DOF) method were adopted to consider simulations of multi-phase flow, phase change, and object movement, respectively. The results show that, for a single object, the degree of asymmetry in the cavity profile depends on the component (the z-component) of the lateral inflow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the initial velocity of the object. As this component increases, the asymmetry of the cavity increases. The cavity length is related to the relative axial speed between the object and the water. For parallel objects, the cavity asymmetry is determined by the superimposed influence of the z-component of the lateral incoming speed and the high-pressure zone induced by the nearby object. The object located downstream relative to the lateral flow has a stronger cavity asymmetry than that of the upstream object, and the trajectory of the downstream object is more easily deviated than that of the upstream object. For tandem objects, with the increase in the lateral incoming angle, the supercavity length increases after the rear object enters into the front cavity. With the increase in the z-component of the lateral flow velocity, the deviation speed increases.

IJCM_377A: Socio-demographic and clinical profile of Lip, Oral cavity and Pharyngeal cancer in an urban cancer centre in Coimbatore

Background: Cancer ranks as a leading cause of death and a major barrier to increasing life expectancy in every country of the world. The incidence and demographic data of cancer are important for cancer prevention. Lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers (LOCP) has multiple risk factors and a varied geographic distribution. Objectives: This study aims to describe and compare the epidemiological and clinical profile of LOCP cancers. Methodology: Results: A total of 441 LOCP cases were recorded, of which most cases belonged to the age group of 51-70 years and male gender. The most common subtype among LOCP cancers is mouth (27%), followed by the tongue (25%). Histo-pathologically, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type contributing to 425 (96.5%) of cases. Nearly 267 patients (60.1%) were smokers, and 206 patients (46.7%) used alcohol whereas 266 patients (60.3%) used Smokeless tobacco products. Majority of the patients underwent a combination therapy of surgery and radiotherapy (69.6%). Conclusion: The increased incidence of LOCP cancer and its subtypes associated with smoking and tobacco points to the pivotal role of these risk factors in the pathogenesis of LOCP cancers. Hence better awareness and stringent measures are the need of the hour to decrease the ongoing burden of these cancer types.

Numerical study of raceway behaviours of a slow-moving packed bed solid fuel gasifier

The moving-bed gasifier of solid fuels (e.g., coal or biomass) is a key chemical reactor to convert coal or biomass to clean fuel, where the profile of the raceway cavity and its flow-thermal-chemical behaviours can affect the performance of the gasifier, however, they are not well understood because of the process complexity and modelling challenge. In this study, an advanced 3D multi-fluid model, based on the Eulerian-Eulerian method, coupled with heat transfer and heterogenous reactions, is developed to describe the reacting flow behaviours inside and around the raceways. It is found that raceways inside the slow-moving packed bed gasifier are of balloon-like shapes; they are built in just a few seconds after issuing the jet from gas entry, and then both the average velocity for gas and particle are relatively stable. The gauge pressure conditions are not isobaric, and high temperatures, small gas densities and high reaction rates are observed near the raceway “shell”. Besides, it is found the raceway behaviours on horizontal cross-section feature more symmetry compared to those on other directions. In addition, probability theory and statistics are used to analyse the quantitative raceway results, and possibilities related to the distributions of gas properties, momentum and species are discussed. This model provides an effective tool to systematically study and optimise raceway behaviours inside a slow-moving packed bed solid fuel gasifier.

Development of a Silicone Rubber Mold with an Innovative Waterfall Cooling Channel.

A conformal cooling channel (CCC) follows the mold core or cavity profile to carry out uniform cooling in the cooling stage. However, the significant pressure drop along the cooling channels is a distinct disadvantage of the CCC. In this study, an innovative waterfall cooling channel (WCC) was proposed and implemented. The WCC cools the injected products via surface contact, replacing the conventional line contact to cool the injected products. The WCC was optimized using numerical simulation software. Silicone rubber molds with two kinds of cooling channels were designed and implemented. The cooling time of the molded part was evaluated using a low-pressure wax injection molding machine. The experimental results of the cooling time of the molded part were compared with the simulation results from numerical simulation software. The results showed that the optimal mesh element count was about 1,550,000 with a mesh size of 1 mm. The simulation software predicted the filling time of the water cup injection-molded product to be approximately 2.008 s. The cooling efficiency for a silicone rubber mold with a WCC is better than that of the silicone rubber mold with a CCC since the core and cavity cooling efficiency is close to 50%. The pressure drop of the WCC is smaller than that of the CCC, which reduces the pressure drop by about 56%. Taking a water cup with a mouth diameter of 70 mm, a height of 60 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm as an example, the experimental results confirmed that the use of the WCC can save the cooling time of the product by about 265 s compared with the CCC. This shows how a WCC can increase cooling efficiency by approximately 17.47%.

Numerical prediction of the whistling potentiality of a turbulent channel flow with corrugated walls

This study explores the turbulent flow-induced whistling phenomena in a channel with corrugated wall surfaces, which is crucial for mitigating the acoustic fatigue problem in the aerospace field. By solving a compressible linearized Navier–Stokes equation in the frequency domain, the interference between the turbulent flow field along the corrugated wall and the incident acoustic field is studied, including the acoustic wave scattering phenomenon caused by turbulence and the fluid perturbation induced by acoustic waves. In conjunction with this, the acoustic two-ports method is utilized to investigate the transfer-function model and predict the whistling potentiality of the turbulent flow along corrugated walls. Experimental validations through the literature results confirm the numerical accuracy of this aeroacoustic simulation strategy. Subsequently, the investigation extends to different cavity configurations with different cavity profiles and numbers, and the two-port scattering matrix is applied to quantify the acoustic transmission and damping coefficients caused by the background flow field and turbulent eddy viscosity. The acoustic power conversion mechanism between the turbulent flow field and the incident acoustic field is established, allowing for quick prediction and effective analysis of the generation frequency range of the whistling phenomenon. Furthermore, the modulation effect of sound waves on the fluid is studied by analyzing the response of the incident sound wave frequency to the phase interference momentum and shear layer of different configurations of corrugated cavities. The results show that compared with the right-edge configuration, the rounded-edge configuration produces whistling at a lower frequency due to the turbulence effect, and the number of cavities adjusts the intensity, not the frequency, of the sound power generated. In addition, the oscillation of the shear layer caused by sound waves is related to the cavity configuration and the sound wave frequency.

Research on the encounter motion of super-cavitating vehicles

In this paper, the super-cavitating phenomenon under the effect of two vehicles’ encounter motion processes is numerically studied. Particular attention is given to the influence of the vertical gaps between the vehicle, the cavitation number, and the slenderness ratio on the cavity profile and radial force of the object. Several numerical models are built to study the cavity evolution process and the force acting on the vehicle to explore the influence mechanism of two vehicles’ encounter motion on supercavitating flow. The study shows that the cavity around the vehicle is primarily affected by the vertical gaps and cavitation number, but is relatively weakly affected by the slenderness ratio. Several impact laws are acquired in the paper. The relationship between cavity fracture time and vertical gaps is approximately a power function and obeys the law of t = 5.433h0.3688. The concept of the time of the maximum radial force occurrence and the cavitation number follows the formula of t = 4.86e0.3688σ. The relationship between the maximum radial force occurrence position and the cavitation number is a function of Ln and consistent with the law n = −0.799ln(σ) + 8.427.

Human vulnerability assessment based on bullet motion and cavity expansion model with tissue identification

In human vulnerability assessment, the wound characteristics are derived from a single soft media penetration experiment, and there is a lack of mathematical model or algorithm to accurately describe the bullet motion (consider bullet rolling) and temporary cavity variation during bullet penetration into different soft media. This paper derives a bullet motion and cavity expansion-contraction model for bullet penetration into soft tissue; Established a dynamic wound reconstruction model based on neural networks that considers tissue differences. Assessment of damage to tissues using the Abbreviated Injury Scale; Developed software for assessing human vulnerability based on dynamic wound reconstruction. Research results show that the bullet motion model and the cavity expansion-contraction model can predict the characteristic volume of the wound and the temporary cavity profile changes during bullet penetration more accurately; the maximum temporary cavity diameters of the muscle wound, the cardiac wound, and the muscle-cardiac-muscle coupling wound are 183.6, 158.06, and 174.74 mm respectively, and using the cavity in a single target as the basis for human injury assessment will introduce errors. The process of bullet penetration into soft tissue can be accurately described based on a predictive model that considers tissue differences. This paper provides the model that improves the accuracy of human injury assessment compared to existing penetration models.

Experimental and theoretical study on cavitation of concrete targets penetrated by hypervelocity long rod projectiles

The cavitation phenomenon can seriously decrease the strike performance of military weapons. As military terminal-ballistic activities have turned to hypervelocity attacks, the cavitation effect existing in the hypervelocity penetration deserves more attention. In terms of long-rod hypervelocity penetration into concretes, this study presents an analytical cavity model for the prediction of the cavity diameter based on the two-stage cavitation mechanism and the u-v relationship. The two-stage mechanism involving mushrooming and radial momentum expansion is used to describe the cavitation modes and the penetration parameters for the projectiles used in the analytical model are determined by numerical simulations empirically. Besides, the three modes including rigidity, deformation and erosion are introduced into the cavity model to elucidate the projectile state. Moreover, the hypervelocity impact experiments on the long rods into semi-infinite concrete targets at velocities of 2117 ∼ 3086 m/s are carried out to observe the cavitation effect of concrete targets and for further validating the model through comparing with the experimental cavity profiles, where the cavity profile is quantified with silica gel, and the cavity diameter is found to be more than five times the projectile diameter. The cavitation effect is observed significantly and quantified from the experiment results. The cavity model is compared with the experimental cavity profiles, showing that the model has good applicability.

Significant enhancement of multiple resonant sidebands in a soliton fiber laser

Resonant sidebands in soliton fiber lasers have garnered substantial interest in recent years due to their crucial role in understanding soliton propagation and interaction dynamics. However, most previous studies and applications were restricted to focusing on only the first few low-order resonant sidebands because higher-order sidebands usually decay exponentially as their wavelengths shift far away from the soliton center and are negligibly weak. Here we report numerically and experimentally significant enhancement of multiple resonant sidebands in a soliton fiber laser mode-locked by a nonlinear polarization evolution mechanism. The birefringence and the gain profile of the laser cavity were shown to be critical for this phenomenon. Multiple intense resonant sidebands were generated whose maximum intensity was more than 30 dB higher than that of the soliton, which is the highest yet reported, to our knowledge. To accurately predict the wavelengths of all high-order resonant sidebands, an explicit formula was derived by taking the third-order dispersion effect into account. The temporal features of multiple orders of resonant sidebands were characterized, which all exhibit exponentially decaying leading edges. This study provides insight into understanding the properties of high-order resonant sidebands in a soliton laser and opens possibilities for constructing multi-wavelength laser sources.

Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile.

The respiratory microbiome is dynamic, varying between anatomical niches, and it is affected by various host and environmental factors, one of which is lifestyle. Few studies have characterized the upper respiratory tract microbiome profile according to lifestyle. We explored the association between lifestyles and microbiota profiles in the upper respiratory tract of healthy adults. We analyzed nasal samples from 110 healthy adults who were living in Santiago, Chile, using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-sequencing methods. Volunteers completed a structured questionnaire about lifestyle. The composition and abundance of taxonomic groups varied across lifestyle attributes. Additionally, multivariate models suggested that alpha diversity varied in the function of physical activity, nutritional status, smoking, and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking, although the significant impact of those variables varied between women and men. Although physical activity and nutritional status were significantly associated with all indexes of alpha diversity among women, the diversity of microbiota among men was associated with smoking and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking. The alpha diversity of nasal microbiota is associated with lifestyle attributes, but these associations depend on sex and nutritional status. Our results suggest that future studies of the airway microbiome may provide a better resolution if data are stratified for differences in sex and nutritional status.

Microbiota profile of the nasal cavity according to lifestyles in healthy adults in Santiago, Chile

Microbiota profile of the nasal cavity according to lifestyles in healthy adults in Santiago, Chile

Fabrication of micro patterns on BaTiO3:Er3+/Yb3+ perovskite films by femtosecond laser micromachining

Femtosecond lasers currently show much promise as potential sources for the fabrication of optical and photonic devices, displaying high performance due to their high resolution, excellent geometric flexibility, and low collateral damage. In particular, devices displaying high performance based on BaTiO3:Er3+/Yb3+ (BTEY) films have been widely investigated, promising for the innovation of perovskite patterning applications. Herein, we fabricated BTEY perovskite films by spin coating at room temperature. XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the BTEY films revealed a tetragonal crystal structure. The study of Williamson-Hall's method calculated the strain and crystallite size for the BTEY film. Different parameters in the exploiting cylindrical focusing of an fs-laser were adopted to modulate the crater cavity of patterning, which gives the opportunities to evaluate their impact on the energy ablation threshold (Eth). It was found that cavity radius is proportional to the energy cross-section, thus providing wide range dependence of damaged spot size versus pulse energy. The Eth was measured using Liu's method, determining a value of Eth that decreased from 33.4 nJ to 22.4 nJ when the number of applied laser pulses per spot increased. It is found that the number of pulses per spot low possesses the best performance, successfully producing highly uniform patterning. Moreover, the evolution with the number of pulses also revealed changes in the surface morphology of the crater cavity via AFM and scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (SCFM) analysis. These results are crucial for determining the Eth required to damage the material, understating the driving mechanism of formations of cavity profile surfaces, and changes in their optics properties in the edges owing to the balling effects and structural defects.

Abstract 1329: Aging increases malignant peritoneal mesothelioma metastasis

Abstract Mesothelioma is a rare cancer with approximately 3,000 new cases each year. There are three types of mesotheliomas including pleural (75%), pericardial (&amp;gt;1%) and peritoneal (20%). Mesothelioma occurs in the mesothelial cells, which form a protective barrier to multiple organs. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is initiated in the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the inner walls of the abdominal cavity and the outside of the visceral organs and is a very receptive environment for malignancy and metastasis. MPM metastasizes to the abdominal cavity, affecting the omentum, liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys. MPM is extremely difficult to diagnose due to its vague symptoms, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nausea. Due to difficulty in diagnosis, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced disease (stage III or IV) with a very poor prognosis with a 9% 5-year survival rate. Asbestos exposure is a major risk factor for MPM with symptoms taking 20-50 years post- exposure to appear, making MPM prominent in aged adults. Mesothelin (MSLN), a 40 kDa protein, is normally expressed on the surface of mesothelial cells and manifests at abnormally high levels in several carcinomas including malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. The exact role of mesothelin is not yet fully understood as mesothelin knockout mice do not display an abnormal phenotype. However, there is some evidence to suggest that mesothelin is involved in tumor cell adhesion by binding to the tumor antigen MUC16. Mesothelin wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the role of host mesothelin expression on MPM metastasis. A MPM cell line was tagged with nuclear red fluorescence protein (RFP) and injected into the abdomen of female C57Bl/6, young (3-6 months) and aged (18-23 months), MSLN WT or KO mice. Disease progression was evaluated post injection of tumor cells by fluorescent in vivo imaging prior to end point dissection. The abdominal cavity was imaged in situ and tumor burden was evaluated using Image J. Overall, aged mice had increased abdominal tumor burden regardless of host MSLN expression. Aged MSLN KO mice displayed an increase in abdominal tumor burden compared to aged MSLN WT mice, however this difference was not significant. Interestingly, the immune profile of the abdominal cavity of tumor naive mice displays a decrease in natural killer (NK) cells and peritoneal macrophages in aged mice suggesting a role in regulating metastatic peritoneal mesothelioma and could possibly be targets for new immunotherapies. This study demonstrates host age increases tumor growth and metastatic success in peritoneal mesothelioma. Citation Format: Mykayla Miller. Aging increases malignant peritoneal mesothelioma metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1329.

Engineering Challenges for Safe and Sustainable Underground Occupation

Shallow tunnels induce surface displacements which can cause damage to existing structures; an adequate evaluation of their settlement trough is of paramount importance. Nowadays, it becomes even more critical when dealing with an underground occupation where the green stress field has already been disturbed by previous excavations. Since the end of the last century, many researchers have explored the subject. Some empirical methodologies have been developed based on data from actual cases, sometimes associated with numerical analysis. The present work used plane strain numerical analysis of different geometric arrangements of side-by-side twin tunnels for different depths and distances between tunnel axes to evaluate its compatibility with some of the proposed methods to adjust the settlement profile of the second cavity. It was observed that the discussed methodologies have similar results for maximum settlement and its eccentricity. Nevertheless, the behavior of the trough width parameter from the semi-empirical methods has shown discrepancies.

Measurement of shrinkage void and identification of solid-liquid phases in phase change materials: Ultrasound-based approach and simulated predictions

Phase change materials in thermal energy storage systems undergo solidification and melting during cyclic operations. During solidification, internal shrinkage voids are formed randomly in phase change materials due to density differences in the solid and liquid phases. These shrinkage voids can severely affect the heat transfer performance and storage capacity of thermal energy storage systems. Additionally, the containers in which phase change materials are kept are usually metallic, making them opaque. Therefore, identification of the solid–liquid phase by direct visualisation during the phase change is limited. The present work aims to develop a non-destructive ultrasonic scanning approach to detect and measure internal shrinkage voids in solid phase change materials and the solid–liquid phases during melting and perform multi-phase numerical simulations that simultaneously capture solidification/melting and the associated shrinkage/expansion. The most commonly used phase change materials, n-eicosane, and n-octadecane, are used in this study. The effectiveness of the ultrasonic technique is evaluated by measuring cavities of known sizes. Further, three cases are considered for examining and measuring the shrinkage void. Case A involves two-dimensional solidification with a surface void, while Case B and C involve three-dimensional solidification with an internal shrinkage void. The numerically obtained shrinkage cavity profile shows a maximum deviation of 7.8% with experimental results for case C. Furthermore, the developed approach is implemented to uniquely detect and identify the solid and liquid phases during melting in an opaque container.

A study on the cavitating flow around an elliptical disk-shaped cavitator for non-body-of-revolution underwater vehicles

Supercavitation has been recently presented as an effective method for the drag reduction of underwater vehicles. However, maintaining the supercavitating state requires a lot of energy, making vehicles difficult to control. Therefore, it is necessary to design an underwater vehicle with low drag in the fully wetted state while being able to move at ultra-high speed in the supercavitating state. In this study, a detachable fairing design for underwater vehicles is proposed, which has the advantage of increasing the total voyage and avoiding the problem of difficult steering in the supercavitating state. On the other hand, the study of non-body-of-revolution (non-BOR) has become a prevalent area of interest in the shape design of underwater vehicles. The cavity generated by an elliptical disk-shaped cavitator is studied numerically. It is found that the cavity profile on the cross-section near the cavitator is approximately elliptical. The cavity length of an elliptical disk-shaped cavitator is almost the same as that of a disk-shaped cavitator when they have the same inflow area. Based on these two characteristics, the parameters of the internal elliptical disk-shaped cavitator are optimized, which provides a promising strategy for the issue of cavitators increasing drag in a fully wetted state.

Cavity dynamics after the injection of a microfluidic jet onto capillary bridges.

The ballistics of solid and liquid objects (projectiles) impacting on liquids and soft solids (targets) generally results in the creation and expansion of an air cavity inside the impacted object. The dynamics of cavity expansion and collapse depends on the projectile inertia as well as on the target properties. In this paper we study the impact of microfluidic jets generated by thermocavitation processes on a capillary bridge between two parallel planar walls. Different capillary bridge types were studied, Newtonian liquids, viscoelastic liquids and agarose gels. Thus, we compare the cavity formation and collapse between a wide range of material properties. Moreover, we model the critical impact velocity of a jet traversing a capillary bridge type. For agarose gels with a storage modulus of 176 Pa, the critical velocity is well predicted by the model used for liquids. However, the predicted critical velocity for liquids deviates for agarose gels with a storage modulus of 536 Pa and 3961 Pa. Additionally, we show different types of cavity collapse, depending on the Weber number and the capillary bridge properties. We conclude that the type of collapse determines the number and size of entrained bubbles. Furthermore, we study the effects of wettability on the adhesion forces and contact line dissipation. We also conclude that upon cavity collapse, for hydrophobic walls a Worthington jet is energetically favourable. In contrast, for hydrophilic walls, the contact line dissipation is in the same order of magnitude of the energy of the impacted jet, suppressing the Worthington jet formation. Our results provide strategies for preventing bubble entrapment and give an estimation of the cavity dynamics, of relevance for, among others, needle-free injection applications.