Causes Of Discard Research Articles

Causes of blood product discard in the blood bank of tertiary health center over 5 years: A retrospective study

Abstract Background: Blood and its constituents are necessary for human survival, and no major surgical procedure can be completed without using blood. Wastage of blood and blood products should ideally never occur. This study aimed to examine the load of blood discarded in our blood bank, the causes of the discard, and to reduce blood discard to a minimum by using innovative procedures and approaches. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective research was conducted at the Department of Blood Bank, D. Y. Patil Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, from 2018 to 2022. Results: Throughout our research period of 5 years, the average number of blood units collected was 4655/year. With an average of 2.5 blood products made from every whole blood collected, there were, on average, 117167/year blood products made. There was an overall decreasing trend of blood products discarded from 11% in 2018 to around 5% in 2022. The main reasons for blood discard were expired blood products (average 4.9%/year), transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs) (average 2%/year), and less quantity (average 0.5%/year). Conclusion: Expiry/outdated units were determined to be our study’s most prevalent reason for disposal. Over the years, the discard percentage has been reduced by half to 5% in 2022. Better blood bag collection, storage, and usage management might eliminate this discard. The coronavirus disease pandemic has been a pivot point, in which the discard rate gradually decreased despite less blood collection. TTDs were another major cause of blood discard in our blood bank (2%). By arranging revision training courses and educating our blood bank workers, we can reduce TTD as a cause of blood wastage.

Qualidade visual e desperdício de hortaliças folhosas no varejo

ABSTRACT Food waste at retail and consumer level is estimated by the United Nations to be around 17% of total global food production. From that, 2% is believed to happen in retail. However, this estimate has a great degree of uncertainty due to the very small data set on which it was built, coming almost exclusively from high income countries. The present research contributes to fill this gap, presenting primary data on waste of leafy vegetables at two supermarket chains in Federal District, Brazil. Both studies evaluated: 1) number of produce items delivered and discarded; 2) visual quality of produce at reception and 3) cause of discard. The majority of the produce, 37 out of 47, had more than 80% of the units with good visual quality, but this frequency varied from 62.0 to 88.4% among stores and from 56.0 to 97.1% among suppliers. Within a global waste equal to 20.0%, the amount observed for individual produce ranged from 1.0 to 83.0% and varied considerably across stores and suppliers. The presence of wilt- rotten and yellow- wilt- rotten leaves were the first and second main causes of discard. Vegetable waste at retail level in an upper middle-income country such as Brazil can be substantial, supporting the recent change in narrative that now considers food waste to be relevant in all countries, regardless of its income.

Seropositivity for syphilis among Brazilian blood donors. A retrospective study 2015–2020

IntroductionSyphilis is a transfusion-transmitted infection and the disease re-emerged in many countries, including Brazil, as a public health risk. ObjectiveEvaluate the prevalence of positive serology in blood donations rejected by Hemobanco (Curitiba- PR) from January 2015 to December 2020, with special focus in syphilis. MethodologyIn the studied period, we analyzed the number of blood donations discarded annually for each serological test performed on blood donors’ samples, according to gender and donors age. ResultsWithin the studied period, 134,741 blood donation were analyzed. 54.5 % of sample were male. Otherwise, it was observed a significant increase in the number of donations by females (P < 0.0001). There was an increase of 437 % in the prevalence of syphilis positive serology made by donors with ≥ 60 years. Besides that, it was noticed a significant increase in donations by aged people throughout these six years (P < 0.0001). The percentage of total blood donation deferred had a significant reduction, although it was observed an increase in the rate of discarded blood bags due to positive serology in the first 4 studied years. It was observed an increase of 20 % in positive syphilis serology. ConclusionThe greatest cause of discard of blood donations changed during the analyzed 5-years; there was an increase in seropositivity donations from donors with ≥ 60 years old. In 2015, Hepatitis B (0.8 %) was the most prevalent and in 2020, syphilis became more prevalent (0.82 %). The medical community should be aware of the rising number of cases of syphilis infection. There is an urgent need to implement actions against the dissemination of this disease.

Analysis on discard of blood and blood components in a tertiary care center

Introduction: In contemporary medicine management, it is evident that transfusion of blood and blood components has become an integral part of the patient. Human blood has no complete substitute to date. Blood is a perishable product and hence proper management of blood inventory is very crucial. Blood being a perishable commodity, efficient management of inventories is pivotal. The challenge that blood centers are facing is to keep sufficient stock to ensure an adequate supply of blood while minimizing losses. Aims and Objectives: The present study is designed to analyze various causes of discard of blood and blood components. Settings and Design: This is an analytical and retrospective type of study, carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, from January 2019 to December 2019. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from blood bank records and confirmed from the master register. Data were then tabulated and analyzed. Statistical analysis used is as follows: Microsoft Excel database sheet was used for analyzing the results for the calculation of percentage and the χ2 test was used. Results: A total of 5,753 units were collected during the study period. A total of 13,913 components were prepared. Out of which, packed red cells (PRCs) were 5691, fresh frozen plasmas (FFPs) 5592, platelet concentrate (PC) 2531, and cryoprecipitate 99. The average discard rate for PRC, FFP, PC, and cryoprecipitate was 4.95%, 2.46%, 19.12%, and 3.03%, respectively. The most common reason for PRC and platelets discard was expiry followed by positivity for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), whereas discard of FFPs was due to breakage in the case. Conclusion: The most common reason for the discard of PRCs and platelets in our study was expiry and positivity for TTI, whereas FFPs were mostly discarded due to breakage/leakage.

Causas de descarte de vacas e novilhas dos pecuaristas da agricultura familiar de Jacaré dos Homens- AL

RESUMO: Na agricultura familiar, ainda existe barreiras que impedem que o produtor faça um descarte pontual, podemos citar: a falta de conhecimentos zootécnicos; baixo capital disponível para reposição das fêmeas bovinas e manutenção das recrias. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e levantar as principais causas de descarte de fêmeas bovinas leiteiras do rebanho da agricultura familiar do município de Jacaré dos Homens- AL. Foi realizado uma pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório na zona rural do município, aplicando-se 40 questionários para caracterização do produtor de leite. Os questionários continham informações relacionadas à índices zootécnicos, dentre os quais, a causa de descarte de vacas e novilhas leiteiras, formas de reposição, dentre outros aspectos correlacionados a atividade leiteira. As maiores causas de descarte relatadas pelos produtores foram: problemas reprodutivos, presente em 37,5% das propriedades, seca e escassez de alimentos que obteve prevalência em 27,5% dos casos, mastite e outras causas que incluem baixa na produção de leite, idade avançada e incrementação de renda, incidindo em 10% cada, respectivamente.&#x0D; PALAVRAS - CHAVE: Fêmeas, bovinas, leite.

Visual quality and waste of leafy vegetable and fresh herbs in a typical retail market

Because of their high perishability, leafy vegetables and fresh herbs are transported to the market soon after harvest. It is very likely that most of the damage caused in the farm and during transport will result in food discard only later in the retail market or in the household. Inadequate handling and marketing strategies in the store are expected to further contribute to waste. The study was designed to address the following questions: (1) what is the visual quality of leafy vegetables and fresh herbs received in the retail market; (2) what is the volume of discard of these produce in the retail market (3) what are the main causes of discard and (4) how these variables are influenced by the vegetable species, the suppliers and the stores evaluated. The study was conducted in 4 stores of a regional supermarket chain in Distrito Federal – Brazil, for a period of 6 months. It was evaluated: (1) number of produce items received and discarded; (2) visual quality of produce at reception; (3) cause of discard. The operations in each shop were described based on observations and discussion with the store staff. When considering the sum of all produce, the discard (expressed as units per day and corrected for quantity purchased) was influenced by all the factors studied, namely store, supplier and day of the week. Delivery of produce with any signs of wilting and yellowing was negligible but produce with bruised and old leaves which should have been trimmed in the farm were frequent. Visual quality was important to determine shelf life and preference by the consumer but how important it was depended on other factors such as the produce considered and the workflow in the store. The percentage of discard varied from 8.7 % to 97.0 % of the number of units purchased. Smaller waste volume was observed for spring onion, parsley, coriander, collard, leak and green leaf lettuce. Waste volume equal to or above 50 % was observed for vegetables baby romaine lettuce, broad leaved endive, wild chicory and mustard greens and fresh herbs sage and thyme. The vegetable and fresh herbs discard in the Brazilian retail market is in great measure the result of technological constraints and are not intentional. The implications of this situation in the definitions of food waste and food loss are discussed.

Visual quality and waste of fresh vegetables and herbs in a typical retail market in Brazil

ABSTRACT Because of high perishability, leafy vegetables and fresh herbs are transported to the market soon after harvest. It is very likely that most of the damage due to inadequate handling at the farm and during transport will result in food discard only later in the retail market or in the household. Inadequate handling and marketing strategies in the store are expected to further contribute to waste. The study was designed to address the following questions: 1) what is the visual quality of leafy vegetables and fresh herbs received in the retail market; 2) what is the volume of discard of this produce in the retail market 3) what are the main causes of discard and 4) how these variables are influenced by the vegetable species, the suppliers and the stores evaluated. The study was conducted in 4 stores of a regional supermarket chain in Federal District, Brazil, for a period of 6 months. We evaluated: 1) number of produce items received and discarded; 2) visual quality of produce at reception and 3) cause of discard. The operations in each store were described based on observations and discussion with the store staff. When considering the sum of all produce, the discard (expressed as units per day and corrected for quantity purchased) was influenced by all the factors studied, namely store, supplier and day of the week. Delivery of produce with any signs of wilting and yellowing was negligible but produce with bruised and old leaves which should have been trimmed in the farm were frequent. Visual quality was important to determine shelf life and preference by the consumer but how important it was depended on other factors such as the vegetable or herb considered and the workflow in the store. The discard varied from 8.7% to 97.0% of the number of units purchased. Smaller waste volume was observed for spring onion, parsley, coriander, collard, leek and green leaf lettuce. Waste volume equal to or above 50% was observed for baby romaine lettuce, broad-leaved endive, wild chicory, mustard greens, sage and thyme. The vegetables and fresh herbs discard in the Brazilian retail market is in great measure the result of technological constraints together with bad management practices in the store. The implications of this situation for the definitions of food waste and food loss are discussed.

Do Donated Corneas Become Transplanted Corneas? The Causes of Discard in Southern Brazil.

To analyze the number of discarded donated corneas and the causes associated with discard in southern Brazil. This retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytic study of donor corneal discards and their associated factors and geospatial distribution was based on a macroregional strategy conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Paraná, southern Brazil. The dataset included all cornea donations from patients who died of cardiac arrest at ages between 3 and 70 years. A total of 9290 donor corneas were identified from 4645 donor patients; of these corneas, 4235 (45.6%) were discarded and 5055 (54.4%) transplanted. Mean age of the donors was 51.13 ± 14.30 years. The main causes of discard were positive serology (49.6%), corneal viability (19.8%), corneal tissue quality (8.5%), and others (16.0%). The discard rate was higher in the 50 to 64 year age group. The corneal discard rate was high in all macroregions studied, with positive serology, viability, and quality of the donated corneas being the main causes of discard. Discards were more prevalent in older age groups (50-64 years and 65 or above age groups). Considering the presented results, the assessment process of potential cornea donors should be changed to reduce losses and costs.

Causa mortis dos doadores e motivo de descarte das córneas: banco de olhos do Distrito Federal 2014-2017

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the causes for discarding corneas at the Eye Bank of the Federal District in Brasilia, Brazil, and describe the social and demographic variables and Causa Mortis of cornea donors from 2014 to 2017. Methods: We conducted an exploratory and social-epidemiologic descriptive study regarding cornea donation. The data base information was obtained from the corneal donor's medical records analysis. All of the potential donors' records (cause of death, cause of cornea discard, month of donation, age, gender, and time of death, corneal enucleation and preservation), from 2014 to 2017 were included in the study. Results: We looked at 1,574 corneal donor notifications. Demographic characteristics displayed significant differences in gender distribution (male, 74.8% and female, 25.2%), and the average donor age was 40 ± 15.9 years. 25% of the causes of death were from cardiovascular disease followed by 19.6% from sharp or blunt instrument injury, 14.2% resulted from multiple traumas. We described 3,074 donated corneas from the DF Eye Bank, where 2.6% has not been uptaken. Of those 3,074 corneal tissues, nearly 60% (n=1,836) have been transplanted and 40% (n=1,238) were discarded. Regarding the causes of discard, 68% (n=841) were due to positive or indeterminate serological blood tests and 39% (n=486) because of matureness (expired medium guaranteed period of corneal preservation). Conclusions: Specific issues such as violent causes of death, gender disproportion and total time of corneal processing can be better managed to reduce procurement times, and availability, of corneal tissue for transplantation.

A retrospective analysis of causes of discard of whole blood and its components in a tertiary care hospital - A 10 years study

A retrospective analysis of causes of discard of whole blood and its components in a tertiary care hospital - A 10 years study

Liver biopsy may facilitate pancreatic graft evaluation: Positive association between liver steatosis and pancreatic graft adipose infiltration

OBJECTIVES:The number of pancreatic transplants has decreased in recent years. Pancreatic grafts have been underutilized compared to other solid grafts. One cause of discard is the macroscopic appearance of the pancreas, especially the presence of fatty infiltration. The current research is aimed at understanding any graft-related association between fatty tissue infiltration of the pancreas and liver steatosis.METHODS:From August 2013 to August 2014, a prospective cross-sectional clinical study using data from 54 multiple deceased donor organs was performed.RESULTS:Micro- and macroscopic liver steatosis were significantly correlated with the donor body mass index ([BMI]; p=0.029 and p=0.006, respectively). Positive gamma associations between pancreatic and liver macroscopic and microscopic findings (0.98; confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1 and 0.52; CI 0.04–1, respectively) were observed. Furthermore, comparisons of liver microscopy findings showed significant differences between severe versus absent (p<0.001), severe versus mild (p<0.001), and severe versus moderate classifications (p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.94 for the diagnosis of steatosis by BMI evaluation using a cut-off BMI of 27.5 kg/m2, which yielded 100% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value.CONCLUSIONS:We observed a positive association of macroscopic and microscopic histopathological findings in steatotic livers with adipose infiltration of pancreatic grafts.

Quality indicators for discarding blood in the National Blood Center, Kuala Lumpur

Background and Objective:The implementation of quality system and continuous evaluation of all activities of the Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) can help to achieve the maximum quantity and quality of safe blood. Optimizing blood collection and processing would reduce the rate of discard and improve the efficiency of the BTS. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of discard of blood and blood component and identify its reasons at the National Blood Centre (NBC), Kuala Lumpur, during the year of 2007 in order to introduce appropriate intervention.Study Designs and Methods:Data on the number of discarded whole blood units and its components, reasons for discard, and the number of blood components processed as well as the number of collected blood units were obtained from the Blood Bank Information System - NBC database. These were analyzed.Results:The total number of blood units collected in 2007 was 171169 from which 390636 units of components were prepared. The total number of discarded whole blood units and its components was 8968 (2.3%). Platelet concentrate recorded the highest of discard at 6% (3909) followed by whole blood at 3.7% (647), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at 2.5% (2839), and cryoprecipitate at 2% (620). The rate of discarded packed red blood cells RBCs, plasma aphaeresis, and PLT aphaeresis was less than 1% at 0.6% (902), 0.6% (37), and 0.29% (14), respectively. RBC contamination of PLT and plasma were the major cause of discard at 40% (3558). Other causes include leakage (26% - 2306), lipemia (25% - 2208), and underweight (4% - 353).Conclusion:Good donor selection, training and evaluation of the staff, as well as implementation of automation will help to improve processes and output of BTS. This would reduce discard of blood components and wastage caused by non conformance.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS AFECÇÕES PODAIS EM REBANHO DE GADO HOLANDÊS CONFINADO

Due to high prevalence and incidence of lameness disorders in dairy cattle, many research studies have been carried out in this area, and some authors concluded that they constitute the third most important cause of discard in herds. Bovine hoof affections lead to a 5-20% decrease in milk production and losses caused by secondary diseases may also occur. This study characterizes podal diseases in cattle with locomotor disorders that were reared under a freestall barn breeding system in a milk farm. A total of 66 Holstein cows of different age groups and lactation periods were evaluated. They all showed some kind of lameness. Assessment of locomotor problems aimed to identify incidence of lesions and areas affected, such as fore and hind limbs and lateral and medial claws. White line disease was the most common problem (26,3%). Other disorders included heel ulcer (20,7%), sole erosion (14,6%), interdigital dermatitis (13,6%), sole hemorrhage (8,1%), septic pododermatitis (8,1%), double sole (6,1%), interdigital hyperplasia (2,0%), and toe ulcer (0,5%). The foot conditions were found to affect hind limbs in 69,3% of the cases, and fore limbs in 30,7%. A total of 58,1% of claw problems occurred in the lateral claw and 41,9% in the medial claw.

Kidneys From Elderly Deceased Donors Discarded for Transplantation

Although deceased donors older than 60 years of age (D > 60) are increasing in number, little information exists on the rate of discarded kidneys from these aged individuals. This study sought to analyze causes of discard of kidneys from D > 60. Since 1997, we have transplanted kidneys from D > 60 into elderly recipients after assessing their functional and anatomical viability. Among 3444 renal offers for transplantation between 1997 and 2005, 1967 (57%) came from D > 60. Of these, 1145 offers were discarded, because the kidney donor was not adequate (n = 470) or because there was no elderly recipient on our waiting list (n = 675). We also examined 1745 kidneys, 822 (47%) of which came from D > 60. The percentage of discarded kidneys due to macroscopic or microscopic alterations was 46% in the D > 60 group compared with 14.7% in the donor group younger than 60 years of age (D < 60; P < .01). We transplanted 443 kidneys from D > 60 (85 dual, 273 single) to 358 recipients of matching age and 900 kidneys from D < 60. Three-year death-censored actuarial graft survival rate was 83% for D > 60 compared with 89% for D < 60 transplant (P = not significant). In conclusion, kidneys from D > 60 were discarded for transplantation mainly because there was no elderly recipient on the waiting list and due to macroscopic or microscopic alterations. Given the increasing offer of kidneys from D > 60 and the good results of transplantation with these aged kidneys in elderly recipients, the indications for kidney transplantation should be expanded to include more of the elderly population on dialysis to the waiting list.

Causes of Nonuse of Corneas Donated in 2007 in Minas Gerais

We sought to unfold the causes of nonuse of donated corneas in 2007 in the state of Minas Gerais, seeking to show the flaws in the process that could be repaired in to achieve a better rate of collection and transplantation. Methods We analyzed, the medical records of multiple organ donors (with brain death) and tissue donors (with heart stopped) in the data system of Tissue Banks and the Human Eye of Minas Gerais to identify the reasons for discard of donated and collected corneas for transplantation. Results The survey showed that 14% of donated corneas were not removed, 62% were used for transplantation (optical and tectonics), and 24% were removed but not transplanted. There were several reasons for transplantation failure after the withdrawal, including contraindications (sepsis, positive serology [anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis B and C], beyond 6 hours after death, and unsatisfactory quality of the donated tissue upon biomicroscopic evaluation and/or endothelial counting). Conclusions Recognition of the causes of rejecting donated corneas allows the possibility of actions to reduce preventable causes of discard, thereby reducing the number of donated and not transplanted corneas. Causes, such as extended time between death and removal of corneas or between death and preservation of corneas, can be reduced to effectively increase the number of cornea transplantations.