Cause Of Inhibition Research Articles

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL EDUCATION FOR THE POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to identify the most effective mechanisms for using the experience of introducing the dual form of education to improve the professional training of future specialists and accelerate the post-war recovery of Ukraine. The aim is to summarize the experience of the dual form of education in Ukraine, to identify the reasons for its inhibition and promising directions of its development for the post-war recovery of Ukraine. Methods: study of scientific sources, legislative, regulatory and legal documents, empirical data to determine the state of functioning of the dual form of education in Ukraine; theoretical analysis and synthesis, generalization of scientific views on the problem under study in order to identify the causes of inhibition and promising directions for the development of dual education for the post-war recovery of Ukraine. Results: the experience of pilot projects for the introduction of dual education in educational institutions of different levels is analyzed; scientific publications of domestic researchers are summarized; the reasons for inhibition and promising directions for the development of dual education are identified; the importance of dual education and its compliance with the main goals of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Society and Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine are substantiated; dual education is characterized as an element of a new worldview paradigm that is being formed under martial law. Conclusions: the main reasons that hindered its development and reduced the effectiveness of dual education (quarantine restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic; military operations; increased migration flows caused by the war; reduction in the number of students, workload for teachers and, accordingly, reduction in staff at the departments; destruction, relocation, closure of many enterprises participating in the training of specialists in the dual form of education; low level of awareness of the benefits of dual education among students, teachers and employers; promising areas of its development are outlined (strengthening career guidance and information campaigns on dual education opportunities; reducing the level of bureaucratization of the educational process in educational institutions; providing state support for those educational institutions that will implement full-fledged dual education to retain teaching staff and encourage them to update and modernize educational programs to meet the needs of dual education; improving the training of heads of educational institutions for the development of public-private partnerships, and future teachers - for pedagogical activities in the context of dual education); the dual form of education is presented as an element of a new worldview paradigm, which in times of military aggression continues to transform in three main vectors (the development vector, which focuses domestic scientists and teachers on studying the European experience of implementing dual education; the security vector, which directs the national education and science system to implement this experience to protect Ukraine's national interests; the responsibility vector, which demonstrates the commitment of the post-war educational paradigm to strengthening employers' responsibility for the quality of training and strengthening their influence on the content of educational programs).

Complete elimination of methane formation in stored livestock manure using plasma technology

Plasma-based nitrogen fixation has recently been shown to be applicable in the domain of manure management, as it has the ability to reduce ammoniacal nitrogen losses and increase the nitrogen content of organic wastes, with air and electricity as the only input. In addition, the plasma treatment confers antimicrobial properties, which we hypothesize to be transferable to methanogenic archaea and hence prevent methane formation during manure storage – a major contributor to global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In this work we compared the methane formation from cow manure to the methane formation in nitrogen enriched cow manure, kept in two outdoor storage tanks for 70–80 summer days over three consecutive years. In all instances, the methane formation was eliminated completely. To investigate the cause of inhibition, a controlled incubation experiment was conducted to show that neither the acidification nor the addition of nitrate or nitrite, alone or in combination, could explain the inhibition of methanogenesis and denitrification that occurred in plasma treated cow manure at moderate pH.

PLANT COMPOSITION AND SOIL PROPERTIES DURING POSTAGROGENIC EVOLUTION IN THE CIS-BAIKAL FOREST-STEPPE ZONE

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the features of the restoration of plant communities and some properties of gray forest soils, including the humus state, during their post-agrogenic transformation in the conditions of the Cis-Baikal forest-steppe zone.
 Materials and methods. The study was carried out using the post-agrogenic chronosequences, including arable land, abandoned soils of different ages, and natural cenoses (meadow and forest). Traditional methods of phytocenology were applied to study the plant composition. Mixed soil samples from three trenches were collected from the former arable layer of 0–20 cm. The content of organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (N), and the C/N ratio, the pH(H2O) and pH(KCL) values, as well as soil density and the reserves of Corg were determined. The statistical processing of data was performed using One Way ANOVA (Sigma Plot from Windows Version 14.0).
 Results. It was shown that plant vegetation being typical for the Baikal forest-steppe zone was recovering after the cessation of plowing. At the same time, the several ruderal species were preserved in the plant composition during a long period. This specific phenomenon could be the cause for inhibition of terminal phytocenoses formation. Along with the change in the vegetation, a significant increase in the organic carbon content was revealed in the soils of chronosequences. At the later stages of post-agrogenic succession the carbon reserves in soil were 1.5 times higher than those in arable soil. The humus content in the soils increased with age of the abandoned lands, but no cardinal changes in its qualitative composition were observed. The data indicated the stable functioning of the system of humus substances in the gray forest soils of the Baikal forest-steppe zone during their post-agrogenic evolution.
 Conclusion. The results can be used for the forecast of post-agrogenic soil changes under various scenarios of land use in conditions of the Baikal region.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles mitigate toxic effects of Cadmium heavy metal in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Heavy metals contaminated soils and water sources are one of the major global causes of inhibition of plant growth and productivity. Different strategies are being employed to overcome the challenging issue to increase plant yield requirements to fulfil the needs of future generations. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of spray (foliar) of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (100 ppm), alone and its interaction in conjugation with Cd (Cd+ZnO-NPs) 100 ppm of both on the growth and biochemical activities of the target plant, i.e., two chilli varieties. After two weeks of transplant, treatments viz., Control (T1), ZnO nanoparticles 100 ppm (T2), Cd 100 ppm (T3), and ZnO nanoparticles 100 ppm + Cd 100 ppm (T4) were given for six weeks and different parameters of growth and biochemical analysis were made. Results have shown that 100 ppm foliar spray of ZnO-NPs has significantly increasing effects on root and shoot growth of chilli plants in alone (ZnO nanoparticles) and Combined (ZnO nanoparticles +Cd heavy metal) treatments mitigating toxic effects of Cd stress. A similar increase in values of total carbohydrates, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and photosynthetic pigments were observed mostly in a combination of Cd+ZnO-NPs treatment showing remediation properties of ZnO nanoparticles against Cd stress in chilli plant. In conclusion, it may be suggested that 100 ppm ZnO-NPs foliar spray can have an increasing effect on the growth parameters of the plants under stressful conditions of Cd heavy metal.

A simple method for measuring pollen germination rate using machine learning.

The pollen germination rate decreases under various abiotic stresses, such as high-temperature stress, and it is one of the causes of inhibition of plant reproduction. Thus, measuring pollen germination rate is vital for understanding the reproductive ability of plants. However, measuring the pollen germination rate requires much labor when counting pollen. Therefore, we used the Yolov5 machine learning package in order to perform transfer learning and constructed a model that can detect germinated and non-germinated pollen separately. Pollen images of the chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, were used to create this model. Using images with a width of 640 pixels for training constructed a more accurate model than using images with a width of 320 pixels. This model could estimate the pollen germination rate of the F2 population of C. chinense previously studied with high accuracy. In addition, significantly associated gene regions previously detected in genome-wide association studies in this F2 population could again be detected using the pollen germination rate predicted by this model as a trait. Moreover, the model detected rose, tomato, radish, and strawberry pollen grains with similar accuracy to chili pepper. The pollen germination rate could be estimated even for plants other than chili pepper, probably because pollen images were similar among different plant species. We obtained a model that can identify genes related to pollen germination rate through genetic analyses in many plants.

In-vitro determination of inhibitory effects of probiotic strains on Clostridioides difficile

Commercial probiotic strains inhibited C. difficile, and other Clostridium cultures with zones 14.2–78.9 mm. The highest inhibition was observed with commercial culture on C. difficile ATCC 700057. Organic acids were the leading cause of inhibition. Probiotic cultures may be used as a support culture or through fermented foods for treatment.

Molecular dynamics simulation investigation on the anti-freezing mechanisms of CSH-GS/GO interfaces

Although graphene sheet (GS) and graphene oxide (GO) are two popular additives for improving the frost resistance of concrete, unclear anti-icing mechanisms of GS/GO cross-linked on the surface of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) has hindered the design of concrete with higher durability in cold regions. To address this issue, we perform molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the icing processes of CSH-GS/GO interfaces. It is found that CSH-GS/GO interfaces can greatly suppress the crystallization process of ice compared to the original CSH surface. The crystallization process significantly weakens the chemical connectivity between CSH and GO, leading to the separation between them and ultimately the inhibition of icing. Massive H-bonds between CSH and GO disrupt the crystallization process, which is considered as the original cause of inhibition. Additionally, freezing of the solution drives salt ions to the surface of GO sheets. The existence of weak limited water (WLW) in the critical unfreezing region is resulted from the dynamic behaviors of nanosheets and ultra-high ions concentration. This work reports the ice regulation with GS/GO and opens a new avenue for the application of 2D nanomaterials in promoting anti-freezing ability of cement-based materials.

The Indicators of Tolerance Analysis and Tolerance Test of Rice Varieties to NaCl Stress

NaCl stress is one of the causes of inhibition and decreased growth of rice plants. The aim of the study was to obtain indicators of tolerance analysis and to analyze the tolerance of rice varieties Inpari-22 and mekongga to NaCl stress. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of IBA in Palembang, in October-December 2021.The study used a completely randomized factorial design (RALF) 5 x 2. The first factor was the concentration of NaCl, which consisted of 0ppm (water), 2.500ppm, 5.000ppm, 7.500ppm and 10.000ppm. The second factor is rice varieties, namely Inpari-22 and Mekongga. The experiment consisted of 10 treatment combinations with 3 replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds, so a total of 1,500 seeds. The results showed that soaking the seeds in a NaCl solution of 2,500-10,000 ppm for 48 hours could increase germination, vigor index, growth speed, growth synchronously and maximum growth potential. However, in subsequent growth there was inhibition and a decrease in plant height, root length, epicotyl length, plant weight and root weight at increasing NaCl concentration from 2,500 ppm -10,000 ppm. In this study, as an indicator of the analysis of seed tolerance to salinity stress, the observations of germination variables (germination, vigor index, growth speed, growth synchronously and maximum growth potential) and early growth half (plant height, number of leaves, root length, epicotyl length, plant weight and root weight) can be used.

Selective inhibition mechanism of PBTCA on flotation separation of magnesite from calcite

This research focused on the inhibition effect and mechanism of a selective depressant PBTCA (2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) on flotation separation of magnesite from calcite. The inhibition effect of PBTCA was investigated through micro-flotation tests, and the results showed that PBTCA presented selective inhibition effect on calcite in sodium oleate (NaOL) system. The inhibition mechanism of PBTCA was analyzed by contact angle measurements, zeta potential analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results of contact angle measurements indicated that PBTCA could increase the hydrophilicity of calcite surface while magnesite surface still maintained hydrophobicity with PBTCA and NaOL. Zeta potential measurements results indicated that the adsorption of PBTCA on calcite surface was stronger than magnesite, and NaOL could further adsorb on magnesite surface even PBTCA existed. Furthermore, XPS results confirmed the stronger adsorption between PBTCA and calcite, which could be attributed to the interaction between phosphonyl (–PO 3 H 2 ) structure of PBTCA and calcium ions on calcite surface. • PBTCA was firstly used as a depressant in magnesite/calcite flotation. • PBTCA could selectively inhibit calcite but not magnesite. • The inhibition mechanism of PBTCA was studied. • The stronger interaction of –PO 3 H 2 and Ca 2+ was the main cause of inhibition.

The applicability of anaerobically treated domestic wastewater as a nutrient medium in hydroponic lettuce cultivation: Nitrogen toxicity and health risk assessment.

The applicability of anaerobic effluent (AE) from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating domestic wastewater as a nutrient medium was evaluated through hydroponic cultivation of lettuce. The growth of lettuce plants on AE media was significantly inhibited to 31-40% in height and 36-48% in number of leaves compared to that on half-strength Hoagland solution (HHS) as a control. The primary cause of inhibition was nitrite toxicity as induced by partial nitrification. Therefore, the nitrification of AE as a pre-treatment step was adopted to prevent the toxicity of nitrite. The heights of lettuce grown on nitrified anaerobic effluent (NAE) and nitrified anaerobic effluent with 96mg/L sulfate (NAES) were in the range of 11.4-11.5cm and was comparable to that on control solution (11.4cm). The potential health risk for heavy metals was insignificant based on health risk index (HRI<1) and targeted hazardous quotient (THQ<1). These results show that efficient crop production can be achieved with AE, but suitable pre-treatment steps should be followed.

The influence of the organo-mineral complex on the growth dynamics of the Scenedesmus quadricauda culture

The paper presents data on the biotechnology of growing accumulative cultures of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda when adding organo-mineral complex drag to the culture growth medium. It is shown that the trace elements that make up the drug (trade name “Helavit”), at the studied concentrations, act in various ways stimulating and inhibiting the growth of algological culture. Having a different effect in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 mg / L. The maximum positive effect is achieved with a drug concentration of 0.3 mg / l (8986 ± 120 103*cells/ ml), which can be recommended for mass cultivation of algae. A possible cause of inhibition of culture growth, at a concentration of 0.1 mg / l (6960 ± 115 103*cells/ ml), are the inhibitory effects of copper and iodine ions.

Investigation of the Cytotoxicity of Electrospun Polysuccinimide-Based Fiber Mats.

This study investigated cell viability in the presence of allylamine-modified and plasma-treated electrospun polysuccinimide fiber mats (PSI-AAmp). Low pressure non-equilibrium plasma was used for crosslinking the PSI-AAm. Comparison of FTIR and XPS analyses demonstrated that crosslinking occurred on the surface of the samples. Cell viability was investigated using the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line and WST-1 viability reagent. Since PSI hydrolyzes to poly(aspartic acid) (PASP), PASP was used in addition to the regular controls (cells only). Phase contrast showed normal morphology in all cases at 24 h; however, in the presence of PSI-AAmp at 72 h, some rounded, dead cells could also be seen, and proliferation was inhibited. Since proliferation in the presence of PASP alone was not inhibited, the cause of inhibition was not the final product of the hydrolysis. Further investigations will be carried out to pinpoint the cause.

Dukungan Pasangan dalam Menyelesaikan Perkuliahan

Getting married is human nature and is a human effort to manifest themselves into perfect beings. Married attracts new problems, especially for students who are trying to get an education. This research aims to support the problems of young couples in completing their lectures. This qualitative research uses Bart Smet's (1994) social support theory. This research is located in the Faculty of Usuluddin Adab and Da'wah, Iain Langsa with a subject of 3 female students. Data collected through interview techniques are then analyzed with domain analysis to get a general and complete picture of the phenomenon. The results showed that the main causes of inhibition of lectures for students who had received academic problems were: repeating courses, no thesis titles, and economic problems such as no money when paying tuition fees. Social support provided by couples is support in the form of emotional support, support instruments, support, and appreciation support.

Characterization of reduced carbohydrate solubilization during Clostridium thermocellum fermentation with high switchgrass concentrations

Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass requires high solids concentration for economical recovery of end products. Clostridium thermocellum fermentations were conducted at various concentrations of switchgrass. Significant reduction of carbohydrate solubilization has been observed for switchgrass with increasing solids concentration. Tests were conducted to understand the cause of inhibition at high solids concentration. Avicel hydrolysis by cell-free C. thermocellum cellulase or C. thermocellum fermentation on cellobiose, supplemented with supernatant or solids from C. thermocellum culture on switchgrass, revealed that inhibition was from the supernatant but not from the solids. Culture of C. thermocellum on Avicel, supplemented with supernatant from C. thermocellum monoculture or mixed consortia, indicated that Avicel solubilization was reduced by almost two-fold with the monoculture supernatant while no significant reduction was observed for the mixed consortia supernatant. Adding 8 kg/m3 commercial xylooligomers during C. thermocellum culture on Avicel reduced Avicel consumption up to 90%. Simultaneous consumption of xylooligomers was suggested for industrial application of C. thermocellum culture on high solids concentration.

Impacts of anthropogenic gadolinium on the activity of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea

Widespread use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in medical imaging has resulted in increased Gd inputs to municipal wastewater treatment plants. Others have reported that typical wastewater treatment does not attenuate Gd, resulting in discharges to natural waters. However, whether elevated Gd impacts the performance of biological treatment has not been investigated. We examined whether gadolinium chloride or Gd chelated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) affected the activity of the model nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. At nominal GdCl3 additions ranging from 1 to 500 μM, no impact was observed compared to the control. Most (>98%) of the added Gd precipitated, and extracellular GdPO4 nanoparticles were observed. When chelated with DTPA, Gd remained soluble, but no statistically significant impact on ammonia oxidation was observed until the highest concentrations tested. At 300 and 500 μM Gd-DTPA, a temporary reduction of nitrite production relative to the control (effect size 1.3 mg l−1 and 1.5 mg l−1, respectively, at 24 h) was seen. By itself, DTPA was highly inhibitory. Modeling suggested that DTPA likely chelated other metals, but adjusting the concentrations of the most abundant metals in the medium, calcium and magnesium, indicated that lowering their free ion activities was probably not the cause of inhibition. Complexation of other essential metals was more likely. Our studies indicate that while the low bioavailability of Gd may limit its ecosystem impacts, the role of synthetic ligands used with Gd and other rare earth elements should be considered as the production, use and disposal of these elements increases.

THE REVIEW OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS SCHOOL PROGRAM IN INDONESIA ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="Els-history-head"&gt;Schools are an essential avenue for youth to learn about disaster resilience A critical success factor for the uptake of disaster resilience learning in schools is the ability to embed learning activities in school programs that are linked to relevant curriculums. The introduction of Disaster Preparedness School (DPS) hoped students were able to identify disaster resilience learning and face the disaster occurring. In 2009, the government started developing a pilot project by combining the curriculum disaster education to the curriculum of Disaster Preparedness School (DPS). The purpose of this study was to analyze the cause of inhibition and make a strategy to solve the problem. This study used a literature review approach and source of data search from the literature that obtains via the internet in the form of results of an online library of local, national, and international, and also from books and related regulations. The results of this study are: a) The cause of inhibitions included four indicators like program target inexact, program of socialization less strength, program goal less power, monitoring program less document incomplete; b) The strategy to the development program of DPS would be successful under following conditions: 1) insertion curriculum of disaster mitigation education into several subjects, and into extracurricular activities that exist in schools. 2) conducting DPS Program by proper training that has been done by the ways: right participant, the subject that relates to a local disaster, functional modules, good time setting, monitoring equipment, done routinely and systematically, and also involving the whole stakeholder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

High‐Precision Measurement of Stable Cr Isotopes in Geological Reference Materials by a Double‐Spike TIMS Method

Chromium (Cr) isotopes have been widely used in various fields of Earth and planetary sciences. However, high‐precision measurements of Cr stable isotope ratios are still challenged by difficulties in purifying Cr and organic matter interference from resin using double‐spike thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. In this study, an improved and easily operated two‐column chemical separation procedure using AG50W‐X12 (200–400 mesh) resin is introduced. This resin has a higher cross‐linking density than AG50W‐X8, and this higher density generates better separation efficiency and higher saturation. Organic matter from the resin is a common cause of inhibition of the emission of Cr during analysis by TIMS. Here, perchloric and nitric acids were utilised to eliminate organic matter interference. The Cr isotope ratios of samples with lower Cr contents could be measured precisely by TIMS. The long‐term intermediate measurement precision of δ53/52CrNIST SRM 979 for BHVO‐2 is better than ± 0.031‰ (2s) over one year. Replicated digestions and measurements of geological reference materials (OKUM, MUH‐1, JP‐1, BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, AGV‐2 and GSP‐2) yield δ53/52CrNIST SRM 979 results ranging from −0.129‰ to −0.032‰. The Cr isotope ratios of geological reference materials are consistent with the δ53/52CrNIST SRM 979 values reported by previous studies, and the measurement uncertainty (± 0.031‰, 2s) is significantly improved.

Why travel prolongs happiness: Longitudinal analysis using a latent growth model

This study aims to explain how traveling affects the duration of happiness. As a result of analysis on data collected from 225 tourists in Korea through longitudinal measurements, life satisfaction and affect decreased in a negative slope. However, life satisfaction and affect had risen 15 days before travel and lasted for about 1 month after travel. This means that some factors concerning travel prevent hedonic adaptation and make happiness last longer.To understand the cause of inhibition of hedonic adaptation, an additional analysis was performed using the latent growth model. Travel satisfaction had a significantly direct effect on the change rate of life satisfaction after travel, and expectation and serendipity had a significantly indirect effect on the change rate of life satisfaction after travel, mediated by travel satisfaction. Thus, we provide evidence that travel experience reduces hedonic adaptation, and especially, expectation and serendipity are important for prolonging happiness.

Investigations of the Mechanism of Action for Lung Cancer Cell Death by a 4′‐Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Chalcone Derivative

Chalcones are a diphenyl compound that serves as a natural precursor to flavanones in plants.Chalcones have been shown to have anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Chemoprevention activity of chalcones are of high interest in medicinal chemistry because of the simple laboratory synthesis and modification via aldol condensation. Previously this lab created and screened a library of synthetic chalcones against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line for antiproliferation properties. We identified a strong drug candidate (4′‐Trifluoromethoxy substituted chalcone) for A549 growth inhibition. However, the cause of inhibition by the substituted chalcone remains to be identified. We began to explore the mechanism of action of this drug by looking at physical characteristics of cell death with microscopy. Then, we conducted viability and cytotoxic assays such as MTS and Trypan blue for cell death quantification. Cytotoxicity was determined with a Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay. Western Blots were ran to identify dose dependency on the specific apoptotic proteins PARP and Caspase‐3. Using flow cytometry, we investigated a more accurate quantification of cells undergoing apoptosis versus necrosis. Here we present the results of our investigation into the apoptotic and necrotic cell death of lung cancer A549 cells by a chalcone derivative.Support or Funding InformationProject Funded by Bellarmine University Department of Chemistry and Physics and Bellarmine University Student Government Association.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

A mutation in the AdhE alcohol dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermocellum increases tolerance to several primary alcohols, including isobutanol, n-butanol and ethanol

Clostridium thermocellum is a good candidate organism for producing cellulosic biofuels due to its native ability to ferment cellulose, however its maximum biofuel titer is limited by tolerance. Wild type C. thermocellum is inhibited by 5 g/L n-butanol. Using growth adaptation in a chemostat, we increased n-butanol tolerance to 15 g/L. We discovered that several tolerant strains had acquired a D494G mutation in the adhE gene. Re-introducing this mutation recapitulated the n-butanol tolerance phenotype. In addition, it increased tolerance to several other primary alcohols including isobutanol and ethanol. To confirm that adhE is the cause of inhibition by primary alcohols, we showed that deleting adhE also increases tolerance to several primary alcohols.