Causal Path Analysis Research Articles

Preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the Iranian adult population during the pandemic: Integrated effect of the health belief model and the planned behavior intention using causal path analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the integration of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of intention to plan preventive behavior for COVID-19 during the pandemic. In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 480 adult participants from different outpatient clinics were recruited in the study. The participant responded by self-report; the health belief model (HBM) scale, preventive behavior scale, subjective norms scale, the intention of planned behavior scale, and perceived control behavior scale were measured. The hypothesized causal path models were examined using SEM analysis. The HBM had significant effects on perceived behavior control (β=0.60, P=0.001), the intended preventive behavior (β=0.32, P=0.001), and subjective norm (β=0.53, P=0.001). Subsequently, the intention of preventive behavior (β==0.39, P=0.001) and subjective norms (β=0.27, P=0.001) significantly affected the performance of preventive behaviors. The estimated fitting criteria showed that the hypothesized model fits relatively well. The health belief model with the integration of subjective norms, perceived control behavior and mediation by the intention of planned behavior in a pathway relationship explains well the preventive behavior of COVID-19. The findings present a deeper understanding of how integrating HBM and intended planned behavior enhances people's preventive behavior against COVID-19.

Analysis of the Relationship Between the School Principal's Visionary Leadership and Kindergarten Teachers' Performance

One of the important factors that influence the quality of teacher performance in is the service provided in the form of school principal leadership. This study aims to analyze the influence of the principal's visionary leadership on the performance of kindergarten teachers. The approach is quantitative, with causal survey techniques and path analysis methods. The sample in this study is the same as the reachable population, namely 87 teachers, consisting of 19 Kindergartens in the Batu Ceper sub-district, Tangerang City. Data Collection Techniques used in this research using questionnaires or questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis, to test the data analysis require for normality, homogeneity, and ty, linearity regression using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version-24. Besides that, the Normality Test is also used with the Kolmogrv Smirnov Test technique. The homogeneities was carried out by ANOVA test. Hypothesis testing was carried out with the help of the Excel program computer and using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software version-24 Based on the research results, Visionary leadership has a direct positive effect on the performance of kindergarten teachers in Batu Ceper, Tangerang City. This is evidenced by the results of the t-test statistic test for Visionary leadership with the acquisition of a tcount of 2.826 with a significant value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05, and β = 0.161 it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence of visionary leadership on the performance of kindergarten teachers in the Batu Ceper sub-district, Tangerang.

Exploring causal relationships in proteomic profiles in Cytoscape using the CausalPath App

Introduction: CausalPath compares experimentally measured changes in molecular profiles against curated biological pathways and infers causality between changes in measured features from profiling experiments (e.g., RNA-seq or proteomics from total or phospho-protein levels). Methods: We developed the CausalPath Cytoscape App, an app (i.e., plugin) for visualizing results from the CausalPath method within the Cytoscape Java-based desktop network analysis and visualization platform. Use Cases: Users are given instruction that represents use cases in multiple cancer research areas through the visualization of CausalPath analysis results generated from data by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Discussion: The CausalPath Cytoscape App visualizes the set of known interactions that are supported by molecular profiling data via the CausalPath method. This integration of CausalPath and Cytoscape benefits users interested in performing secondary analyses (e.g., module detection) on the sub-networks that result from CausalPath analysis by utilizing the many analytical features available in the Cytoscape software ecosystem.

Exploring causal relationships in proteomic profiles in Cytoscape using the CausalPath App

Introduction: CausalPath compares experimentally measured changes in molecular profiles against curated biological pathways and infers causality between changes in measured features from profiling experiments (e.g., RNA-seq or proteomics from total or phospho-protein levels). Methods: We developed the CausalPath Cytoscape App, an app (i.e., plugin) for visualizing results from the CausalPath method within the Cytoscape Java-based desktop network analysis and visualization platform. Use Cases: Users are given instruction that represents use cases in multiple cancer research areas through the visualization of CausalPath analysis results generated from data by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Discussion: The CausalPath Cytoscape App visualizes the set of known interactions that are supported by molecular profiling data via the CausalPath method. This integration of CausalPath and Cytoscape benefits users interested in performing secondary analyses (e.g., module detection) on the sub-networks that result from CausalPath analysis by utilizing the many analytical features available in the Cytoscape software ecosystem.

Abstract 108: Quantitative Phosphoproteomics And Causal Analysis Reveal Distinct And Combinatorial Signaling Mechanisms In Protease-Activated Receptor PAR1 And PAR4 Platelet Activation Programs

Intracellular signaling pathways downstream of platelet protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate hemostasis - and, also contribute to thrombosis in vascular diseases - through mechanisms that remain unspecified. Here, we assess the hypothesis that platelet PAR1 and PAR4 each activate specific, as well as overlapping signaling systems to drive platelet responses underlying hemostasis and thrombosis. Our systems biology approach incorporates state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, computational and cell physiological tools to measure and map phosphorylation events in platelet PAR responses. Following isolation from n=4 healthy human donors, washed platelets were treated with PAR1 agonist (TRAP6), PAR4 agonist (AYPGFK), thrombin, or vehicle, prior to lysis, digestion, phosphopeptide enrichment and 16plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. Relative to resting platelets, we measured >1,000 significant phosphorylation events in response to PAR agonists (fold-change >1.5; false discovery rate <0.01), including >600 phosphorylation events common to TRAP6, AYPGFK and thrombin stimulation. These included phosphorylation of well-established mediators (GSK3α, PAK2) and more novel and emerging effectors in platelet activation pathways (BIN2, NKX3-2). Specific PAR1 and PAR4 agonist responses of mechanistic and translational interest were also noted, including phosphorylation of PAR1 T410 or PAR4 S369; thrombin uniquely activated tyrosine kinase Fer Y714 phosphorylation, in a manner that may integrate PAR1 and PAR4 signaling. CausalPath analysis identified >100 signaling relations among site-specific phosphorylation changes downstream of PARs, around MAPK, PI3K/Akt, mTOR/S6K and other pathways. Finally, physiological assays of platelet adhesion, secretion and aggregation, as well as biochemical assays of platelet signaling validated roles for several effectors and pathways in platelet PAR responses. In conclusion, we provide a quantitative omics study and causal analysis of platelet PAR signaling, including specific PAR1 and PAR4 agonist responses. Ultimately, this work will help to specify essential effectors, as well as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in platelet dysregulation, hyperactivity and thrombotic diseases.

Pengaruh Value Orientation dan Personality terhadap New Environmental Paradigm Siswa

The development of paradigm from anthropocentric to new environmental paradigm is necessary. Students have to possess the new environmental paradigm in order to protect the environment. Students new environmental paradigm can be affected by several factors such as value orientation and personality. This study aimed to determine the effect of value orientation and personality on the new environmental paradigm that students have. This study was hold in a first term of 2019/2020 school year at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bekasi. The method used is the survey with quantitative-causal causal approach and path analysis. The sample is 95 students of XI MIPA which selected randomly. There were three instruments used for measuring new environmental paradigm, value orientation and personality with reability of 0.691, 0.809, and 0.864. As a result of study, personality is suitable as mediator of variables between value orientation and new environmental paradigm.

The Effect of Physical Fitness on Body Fat

This study aimed to determine the effects of physical fitness on body fat. Research methods: The researcher implemented causal studies and path analysis testing Causal studies, aiming to determine whether the independent variable or dependent variable affected the outcome. In causal studies, the cause is considered as the independent variable, while the effect is the dependent variable. 14 respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Harvard step test was used in order to measure the physical fitness, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was used in order to measure the body fat. The findings of this study are the path coefficient value of the physical fitness on body fat is -0.212, while the value of t-count is -2.468. Therefore, the value of t-count is smaller than t-table, while the degree of freedom = 9 and α = 0.05, such as -2.26, and the probability value of Sig. (0.036) < significant level (0.05). In other words, physical fitness significantly has direct negative effect on body fat. In conclusion, physical fitness has a significant and direct negative effect on body fat. Even when the athlete's physical fitness is better, it does not guarantee his body fat is also good.

Explaining the drug-crime connection with peers, proactive criminal thinking, and victimization: Systemic, cognitive social learning, and person proximity mechanisms.

The principal objective of this study was to determine whether drugs and crime are systemically linked through the formation of delinquent peer associations. A panel of 1,760 adolescents (867 boys, 893 girls, ages 10-17) participated in a longitudinal study conducted over 4 waves, with a year between each wave. The results of a multiple serial causal mediation path analysis revealed that drug use at Wave 1 predicted a rise in delinquent peer associations at Wave 2, which, in turn, predicted an increase in proactive criminal thinking and personal victimization at Wave 3, both of which then proceeded to predict serious offending at Wave 4. Based on these results, it is concluded that drug use has the power to initiate and intensify involvement in a delinquent peer group, which then opens the door to learning deviant attitudes from and being victimized by members of this group, outcomes capable of motivating future offending behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect Of The Body Mass Index To Body Fat

Many sports nutritionist noted that the loss of weight, or more accurately, to lose body fat, is the main reason athletes asking for nutritional counseling. This study aims to determine the effect of BMI on body fat. The place of research was conducted at the martial arts athlete of the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI), Karawang Regency. This research method uses causal studies and path analysis testing. This study uses 14 respondents as research samples drawn based on purposive sampling with the criteria of athletes who are actively training for more than 2 years and have excess weight. The research instrument used to collect BMI data with tanita and microtoise scales to measure BMI and BIA to determine body fat. The findings of this study are the coefficient value of the BMI pathway to body fat of -0.368 with a value of -4.127. Therefore the value of -test is smaller than the value of the table at dk = 9 for ? = 0.05 of -2.26 and the probability value of Sig. (0.003) <significant level (0.05), then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means there is a significant negative direct effect of BMI on body fat. In conclusion, there is a direct negative and significant effect of BMI on body fat, meaning that the better the BMI, the athlete does not guarantee good body fat.

Assessing the relationship between organizational management factors and a resilient safety culture in a collegiate aviation program with Safety Management Systems (SMS)

Extant research advocates for assessing and continuously improving resilient safety culture in high-reliability organizations (HROs) such as aviation that has a fully functional Safety Management Systems (SMS). Perceptions on the relationship between four (4) organizational management factors (Principles, Policy, Procedures, Practices) and resilient safety culture in a collegiate aviation program was assessed using an online survey instrument drafted using Reason (2011) concept on safety resilience. Sample was drawn from aviation students, flight instructors, faculty and administrators. Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Causal Path Analysis (CPA) techniques were used to assess conceptual models. Results suggest good reliability and construct validity for survey instrument. All the measurement models had acceptable fit based on various goodness-of-fit indices. The results suggest all four management factors had significant predictive relationship with resilient safety culture. Practices had the weakest predictive relationship and Policy had the highest. Procedures strongly mediated path between Policies and Practices and there was no significant causal relationship between Principles and Practices. Results suggest that more focus should be placed on resilient safety practices in the collegiate aviation program. Significant benefit of this study is the validation of an instrument that explores the relationship between resilient safety culture and organizational management factors and adds to literature on resilient safety culture in collegiate aviation programs. Future studies using this survey instrument and models in other collegiate aviation programs, airlines and airports are highly recommended.

Criminal thinking and gang affiliation: antecedents and consequences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between gang affiliation and criminal thinking. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 1,354 youth (1,170 males, 184 females) from the Pathways to Desistance Study served as participants in this study, and a causal mediation path analysis was performed on proactive and reactive criminal thinking, gang affiliation and subsequent offending. Findings Using three waves of data, it was determined that the pathway running from reactive criminal thinking to gang affiliation to proactive criminal thinking was significant, whereas the pathway running from proactive criminal thinking to gang affiliation to reactive criminal thinking was not. A four-wave model, in which violent and income offending were appended to the three-wave model, disclosed similar results. Practical implications Two separate targets for intervention with youth at risk for gang involvement: proactive and reactive criminal thinking. The impulsive, irresponsible, reckless and disinhibited nature of reactive criminal thinking may best be managed with a secondary prevention approach and cognitive-behavioral skills training; the planned, cold, calculating and amoral nature of proactive criminal thinking may best be managed with a tertiary prevention approach and moral retraining. Trauma therapy may be of assistance to youth who have been victimized over the course of their gang experience. Originality/value These findings reveal evidence of a gang selection effect that is independent of the well-documented peer selection effect, in which reactive criminal thinking led to gang affiliation in youthful offenders, particularly non-White offenders, and a gang influence effect, independent of the frequently observed peer selection effect, in which gang affiliation contributed to a rise in proactive criminal thinking.

Municipal carbon reduction policy in Taiwan: A collective action perspective

ABSTRACT This study took the analytical unit of municipalities to investigate the effect of collective action context, resources in action arenas, and municipal policy preference on the implementation outcomes of energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) policies. In addition to adopting the open data from the bureaucratic information systems, the author surveyed municipal case officers in Taiwan, who responded according to the actual situation of the policy implementation. There are 179 valid observations with a response rate of 79.2%. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the effects between each variable and examine the mediating effect of municipal policy preference on ECCR policy implementation. The causal path analysis reported that a supportively collective action context effectively improved policy preference, and resources in action arenas generated a positive effect on policy implementation outcomes. In addition, municipal policy preference had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between collective action context and policy implementation outcomes.

Pengaruh Locus of Control dan Kepribadian (Personality) Terhadap Keinginan Untuk Bertindak (Intention to Act) Siswa

Environmental problems cause threats to the environment, such as global warming, urban air pollution, clean water crises, environmental noise and loss of biodiversity. This problem is caused by human behavior. Resolution of environmental problems can be done by community or private components, one component of community is students. The effort that can be done is to increase intention to act on the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of locus of control and personality on students' intention to act. Research conducted at SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta on the Semester I of the 2019/2020 school year. The method used is the survey with quantitative-causal causal approach and path analysis. The samples used were 99 students of class XI IPA. The reliability coefficient of Locus of control (X1) is 0.680, Personality (X2) is 0.759, and Intention to Act (X3) is 0.878. Based on the results, it can be concluded that personality is not good as a mediator variable between the locus of control and intention to act.&#x0D; Keywords: Students, locus of control, personality, intention to act, path analysis

Pengaruh Sikap terhadap Lingkungan (Environmental Attitude) dan Kepribadian (Big-Five Personality) terhadap Intensi untuk Bertindak (Intention to Act) Siswa

Global warming is one of the major challenge to humankind because this kind of environmental issue is a global issue which not only faced by one country but the whole world. The main cause of global warming is human activity. Human have to change their behavior in order to protect the environment especially the student because they’re the living next generation. Behavior often occur because there is intention to do so. One's desire to act appears to be affected by a host of personality factors including environmental attitude. This study aimed to determine the effect of environmental attitude and personality on the intention to act that students have. Research conducted at SMAN 29 Jakarta on the Semester I of 2019/2020 school year. The method used is the survey with quantitative-causal causal approach and path analysis. The sample were 93 students of class X MIPA. There were three instrument used for measuring environmental attitude, personality, and intention to act with reliability of 0.774, 0.786, and 0.84. Based on hypothesis test, it suggested that there was indirect effect between environmental attitude and intention to act via personality.As the results, it can be concluded that personality is suitable as a mediator of variables between environmental attitude and personality.&#x0D; Keywords: Student, environmental attitude, personality, intention to act, path analysis.

Global Cities and Socioeconomic Inequality: A Pathways Inquiry

Inequality in metropolitan areas is part of a paradoxical triangle of competing motives over resources allocation. Chief among inequality/equity rivals is the penchant for urban economic development, but in recent decades, ecological sustainability has also become increasingly important in this triangle. To understand inequality in global cities in such a context, one must recognize the intensity of economic development motives for those particular metropolitan areas seeking to maintain worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative analysis of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines the apparatus of a global city in response to globalization, particularly since such metropolitan areas produce higher socioeconomic inequality than other places. Through a causal path analysis, it empirically uncovers essential components of the paradoxical triangle in the ongoing struggle of global cities to sustain their world-city status. In so doing, the evidence suggests heightened inequality is a function of (a) the global city’s use of certain “cornerstone” resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) its resultant polarized employment structure and commensurate skewed social stratification.

Causal Modeling and Decomposition of Correlation Study: Indicators of an Indonesian Electricity Company

The Causal Modeling or Path analysis has become a widely-used statistical method in many areas of study, such as in genetics, biology, social science, environmental science, economic, business, finance and sociology. In this study, causal modeling is used to analyze the relationship among variables of important indicators of the electricity company of the Republic of Indonesia. The variables discussed are Total number of Staff or Employees, Electric Power Installed in megawatts, Operating Cost in million rupees, Electric Power Product in megawatts, Electric Power Sales in megawatts, and Sales Revenue in million rupees. The results of analysis show that the proposed causal modeling indicates the relationships among those six important indicators of the electricity company are very significant and meaningful.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, AND WORK MOTIVATION ON KINDERGARDEN TEACHER PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the principal's situational leadership on teacher performance; the influence of work motivation on teacher performance; and the influence of the principal's situational leadership on work motivation. The research employed a causal survey research and path analysis technique. The sample of 103 kindergarten teachers of Tanggerang regency was taken by using proportional random sampling. The results have shown that 1) Path coefficient value of the principal’s situational leadership and the teacher performance is 0.440 with the probability significance value ρx3x1 = 0.000. It means that the principal’s situational leadership has a significant effect on teacher performance. 2) Path coefficient value of work motivation and the teacher Performance is 0.166 with the probability significance value ρx3x1 = 0.005. It indicates that work motivation has a significant effect on teacher performance. 3) Path coefficient value of situational leadership and teacher work motivation is 0,598 with probability significance value ρx3x1 = 0.000. It implies that the principal’s situational leadership has a significant effect on work motivation. Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that leadership style has a major role to develop work motivation and performance that have a positive impact on the quality of individuals in an organization

EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES, LEARNING INTEREST, AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING TOWARD THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PHYSICS

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a direct effect of the activity of students in learning, learning interest, and the self-directed learning to the learning outcomes of physics. &#x0D; The method used is causal path analysis. Causal research conducted to describe the scheme and effect relationship that is deeper than two or more of the facts and the properties of the subject under research. The sample in this research was 156 students were randomly selected as a research subject. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and tests. Data processing techniques using path analysis. The results showed that: (1) the activity of students in learning directly affects learning outcomes physics, (2) the interest of student learning directly affects learning outcomes physics, (3) the independence of student learning directly affects learning outcomes physics, (4 ) students in learning activities directly affect student learning independence, (5) interest in learning directly affects learning independence (6) students in learning activities directly affect the interest in learning.&#x0D; The implications of this research indicate that the activities, interests and independence of learning can be enhanced so as to affect the outcome of learning physics&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: student activities, learning interest, self-directed learning, learning outcomes

Pengaruh Big-Five Personality dan Environmental Sensitivity terhadap Responsible Environmental Behavior Siswa

Environmental problem is a problem that must be solved by all parties, including students. Responsible environmental behavior arises from awareness of environmental issues. This awareness led to intention and determination of student to set their attitude and behavior towards the problems they faced. Responsible environmental behavior is basically the result of interaction between various factors. Factors that may affect the responsibilities behavior among the personality and the environmental sensitivity. This study aims to determine the effect of personality and environmental sensitivity on the responsible environmental behavior that students have. Research conducted at SMA Labschool Jakarta on the Semester I of 2018/2019 school year. The method used is the survey with quantitative-causal causal approach and path analysis. The sample were 79 students of class XI MIPA. Based on hypothesis test, the value of the path coefficient of X1 to X2 is 0.495, path coefficient X2 to X3 is 0.028, and path coefficient X1 to X3 is 0.568 but the path coefficient X1 to X3 through X2 cannot be calculated. Based on these results, it can be concluded that environmental sensitivity is not suitable as a mediator of variables between personality and responsible environmental behavior.&#x0D; Keywords: Personality, environmental sensitivity, responsible environmental behavior.

Banks, employees and brand promise delivery: customers' analytical perspective

The study has the purpose of explicating to commercial banks as well as their employees how well, in the revealed perceptions of customers, they have functioned in delivering their brand promises and what lessons they may gain from the study in order that their brand promise deliveries can be even more bettered, in the future. The methodology of quantitative questionnaire survey has been adopted to collect data from 300 customers of 15 commercial banks, state-owned (five), private (five) and foreign (five) banks. A causal modelling or path analysis approach has been used in the analysis of data. The empirical study has confirmed that in the revealed perceptions of the customers interviewed, the banks and their employees have a positive and direct impact on the banks' brand promise delivery and adds originality and value to branding and brand promise delivery research.