Causal Comparative Approach Research Articles

Enhancing Reading Motivation of Kindergarten Pupils through Home-School Collaboration: A Causal-Comparative Approach

The purpose of this study is to examine how home-school collaboration affects kindergarteners' reading motivation. The researcher chose 100 kindergarten teachers in Talomo A District, Davao City, as study participants. Respondents were chosen using stratified random sampling. A causal-comparative quantitative research design was used. Data was analyzed using these statistical tools: Mean Percentage Scores, Frequency Distribution Percentage, Mean, Independent Sample T-Test, and Eta-Squared Univariate General Linear Model. One category (n=50) was assigned to home-school collaboration and the other to non- collaborative groups by simple random assignment. The results showed that kindergarteners in Talomo A District, Davao City, had extensive reading motivation. Additional results demonstrated a substantial statistical difference in kindergarten students' reading motivation between home- school collaboration and non-collaboration groups. The results also demonstrate that home-school partnership improved kindergarteners in Talomo A District, Davao City. Thus, home-school partnership made this issue easier to teach. The study was done to publish findings in a recognized academic journal.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Transfer Pricing pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclicals

The study aimed to determine the impact of Tax Minimization, Company Size, Debt Covenant, and Profitability on the Transfer Pricing decision in non-cyclical companies. The theoretical framework supporting this study is the agency theory. The study used a quantitative causal comparative approach with a population and sample of non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2018 to 2022. The sample was obtained based on predefined criteria. The analysis in this study included descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and linear regression analysis, which was processed using IBM SPSS version 25. Based on the test results, it was found that: (1) Tax Minimization had a significant negative impact on transfer pricing; (2) Company Size had not a significant positive impact on transfer pricing; (3) Debt Covenant had a significant negative impact on transfer pricing; (4) Profitability had not a significant negative impact on transfer pricing.

Human resource management practices and its impact on organizational performance in development banks: The emerging market case

The study examined the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices on the performance of development banks (DBs) in Nepal. It applied a descriptive and causal-comparative approach to establish a relationship between independent and dependent variables. It covered ten out of Nepal’s 17 ‘B’ class banks, examining 390 individuals from February to June 2023. Using regression analysis, the results highlighted that performance appraisal (PA) had the greatest impact (β = 0.347, p = 0.50), followed by compensation practices (CPs) (β = 0.279, p = 0.50), recruitment and selection (RS) (β = 0.145, p = 0.50), and training and development (TD) (β = 0.131, p = 0.50) on the organizational performance (OP) of DBs in Nepal. The study reinforces the findings of Osemeke (2012) which emphasized the positive correlation between RS methods and OP and advocates the crucial role of TD in shaping various dimensions of organizational success. The study contributes to social exchange theory (SET) and confirms Shore et al. (1995) results that HRM practices as investments affect employee self-perception in organizations. The study’s findings offer practical suggestions for banks aiming to improve performance by proactively adapting HRM practices to meet changing challenges and opportunities.

Journeying With Pride: A Quantitative Study on the Challenges Faced by LGBTQ College Students of Notre Dame of Midsayap College

This research centers on exploring the challenges faced by LGBTQ college students, employing a causal-comparative research design. The study aims to describe these challenges and investigate potential significant differences based on factors such as sex, sexual identity, and sexual orientation. The primary objectives include identifying and understanding challenges encountered by LGBTQ college students, examining variations in challenges concerning sex, sexual identity, and sexual orientation, and providing insights into the experiences of this demographic. The research is guided by a causal-comparative framework, aiming to unveil causal relationships between variables and shed light on differences in challenges faced by LGBTQ students. Utilizing a causal-comparative approach, this study systematically examines and compares challenges experienced by LGBTQ college students, aiming to derive meaningful insights into their diverse experiences. The study focuses on 30 LGBTQ students enrolled at Notre Dame of Midsayap College during the second semester of the A.Y. 2022-2023. The site selection is deliberate, aiming to capture a specific demographic within a defined educational context. In the context of stigmatization and unique challenges faced by LGBTQ individuals, snowball sampling can be more appropriate, allowing for more organic and connected approach in reaching respondence. The sample size of 30 was deemed sufficient to provide meaningful insights into the challenges faced by this demographic. The collected data was analyzed to discern patterns and variations in challenges experienced by LGBTQ students, with a focus on sex, sexual identity, and sexual orientation as potential differentiators. Majority of respondents were 20 years old or younger, predominantly male, with females having a significant presence in terms of sexual identity. Challenges included mental health, prejudice, victimization, discrimination, harassment, and self-identity. Males experienced higher levels of challenges, and transgender individuals, as well as bisexuals, faced heightened difficulties based on sexual identity and orientation. The research concludes by summarizing key findings, emphasizing the distinctive challenges faced by LGBTQ college students, and highlighting areas for further investigation and support. This study contributes valuable insights into the nuanced challenges confronted by LGBTQ college students, offering a foundation for future research and advocating for targeted support initiatives within educational institutions.

Financial technology and consumer financial satisfaction

Financial technology (FinTech) quick development had a significant impact on consumers’ financial lives, particularly their level of financial pleasure. The rise of mobile payments has been somewhat accelerated by the advent of FinTech. This study’s goal is to examine how FinTech used in payments affects consumer financial happiness using information from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2018 and 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Given that the consumer financial happiness variable is non-continuous and ordered, the probit regression approach is used to get estimates that are more accurate. The empirical results of this study indicate that FinTech positively contributes to consumer financial satisfaction. In addition, this study selects financial education and financial capability as mediating variables to explore the possible influence channels between the development of mobile payments and the increase in consumer financial satisfaction. The mediating effects analysis demonstrates that FinTech positively affects financial education and financial capability, ultimately increasing consumer financial satisfaction. These findings have implications for consumer policymakers when promoting FinTech to consumers and helping them increase their financial satisfaction through mobile payments.

Impact of quality of work-life on work-life balance among nurses in Nepal

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of the quality of work-life on the work-life balance of nurses in Nepal. By examining the impact of quality of work-life on the equilibrium between professional and personal life, it aims to contribute insights for enhancing the overall well-being of nurses in the Nepalese healthcare sector. Methods: The research design employed a causal-comparative approach to investigate the impact of quality of work life on the work-life balance of nurses. The data was collected using a well-structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire from 200 nurses. Correlation and regression analyses were utilized to draw meaningful insights. Results: The findings of the study reveal that two key factors, namely job security and job satisfaction, significantly influence the work-life balance for nurses. This suggests that nurses who perceive higher job security and experience greater job satisfaction tend to have an improved work-life balance. However, the study did not find any significant impact of job commitment on work-life balance among nurses. Conclusion: The study underscores the pivotal role of job security and job satisfaction in shaping the quality of work life for nurses in Nepal. Higher perceived job security and increased job satisfaction emerge as key factors contributing to an enhanced work environment. Surprisingly, job commitment did not exhibit a significant influence on the quality of work life among nurses in this context. These findings highlight the importance of addressing specific aspects of job security and satisfaction to positively impact the overall work experience of nurses in Nepal.

Impact of Covid-19 on Investors Herding Behavior: Evidence from Stock Market

The purpose of this research was to use a descriptive and causal-comparative approach to analyze herding behavior in the Nepalese stock market during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study employed a regression model and a cross-sectional standard deviation (CSSD) index to evaluate the herding tendency. The investigation covers a significant time period from January 1, 2018, to February 28, 2023, and involves a substantial number of observation sessions totaling 1103. It appears that there is currently no evidence to suggest that herding behavior has occurred before, during, or after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study indicates that market participants were making independent decisions based on their own analysis and assessment of the situation during the pandemic, rather than relying on the actions or decisions of others.

The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Metacognition Skills of High Grade Students

Self-efficacy and metacognition skills are two essential variables in achieving learning goals. However, the correlation between the two variables has yet to be discovered. This study aims to analyze and describe the significant effect of self-efficacy on the metacognition skills of high-class elementary school students. A quantitative research method with an ex-post facto or causal-comparative approach was used in this study. The study population was 88 students, and the sample was 72 students. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis, it is obtained that the hypothesis test states that there is a positive and significant correlation between self-efficacy and metacognition skills in high-class elementary school students through the Pearson correlation test, a significance value of 0.00 is obtained, which means it is smaller than 0.05, namely 0.00 <0.05, with a positive correlation of 0.784. So that when viewed from the existing degree guidelines, the Pearson correlation is strongly correlated. The obtained value of 10.573 means more significant than the t table value of 1.66629, namely 10.573 > 1.66629, with the acquisition of the regression equation Y = 12.822 + 0.713, which implies that self-efficacy is positively correlated with students' metacognition skills. So self-efficacy affects metacognition skills.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN SISWA SMK

The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the influence of interpersonal communication on students dating violence in XII Tata Busana class of SMK PGRI 1 Salatiga. This type of research uses a causal comparative approach. The population of this research is students of XII Tata Busana class at SMK PGRI 1 Salatiga for the academic year 2022/2023 with a total of 40 students. The research sample was taken using total sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression technique with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant negative influence of interpersonal communication variables on students dating violence. These results are evidenced by the acquisition of a tcount value which has a negative sign of -2.408 and a significance value (p) of 0.021 <0.05 is obtained

Perilaku Konsumtif Produk Kosmetik ditinjau dari Konsep Diri pada Mahasiswi

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of self concept on cosmetic consumtif behavior in female students. This exploration utilizes quantitative strategies with causal comparative approach. Participant of this study consist of 118 female undergraduate students. The hypothesis was analized using regression technique, with SPSS. The results of this study indicate the value of the regression coefficient of r = -0.323 with a significant level of 0.008 (p <0.05) meaning that there is a significant influence of self-concept on consumptive behavior, in a negative direction. This result means that the higher the self-concept owned by the female student, the lower the consumptive behavior of purchasing cosmetics. This study recommends efforts to get good self-concept to reduce consumptive behavior.

E-Recruitment Sites: Management Graduates' Perception of an Online Application System

The study intends to examine various factors influencing management graduates’ perception of an online application system. A combination of stratified random, and convenience sampling methods was employed in this study. Through anexisting literature questionnaire and self-constructed questionnaire, 256 management graduates from nine campuses in the Rupandehi area provided data for the study on a five-point Likert scale. The research was conducted utilizing a descriptive and causal-comparative approach. Pearson Correlation Analysis and Simple regression equation estimated by the ordinary least square (OLS) method have been used. The empirical result finds that all of the independent variables investigated in the study were shown to have a significant positive relationship with the dependent variable. The outcome of the regression analysis indicates that fairness perceptions have the greatest influence on management graduates' evaluations of an online application system, followed by internet selection image and user-friendliness among the variables examined in this study. However, the outcome demonstrated that perceived efficiency and information provision have no significant effect.

Effect of Organizational Learning Culture on School Effectiveness

Every part of the school, including school success, is influenced by school culture, which is viewed as a system of meanings. The goal of this study was to determine how much organizational learning culture impacts school effectiveness in Punjab province's public schools. .The study used a causal-comparative approach with a survey design. A sample of 1037 teachers was chosen from public schools in the Punjab through multi-stage sampling. Dimensions of Learning Organizational Questionnaire (DLOQ) and School effectiveness Questionnaire (SEQ) were used to collect the data. Both questionnaires were found to be highly reliable. The study found a significant positive moderate relationship between the factors of organizational learning culture and school effectiveness with the overall relationship as .46.Further, organizational learning culture predicted 16 percent of the variance in school effectiveness.The results provide clarity to the concept of an organizational learning culture as a crucial element of effective schools. The recommendations have been suggested in the end.

The Perceived Effectiveness of Visual Communication Elements in Cinema Video Advertisements: Demographic Factors Analysis​

The evolution in advertising has shifted the reliance of advertisers from printed materials to video advertisements. Globally, various industries especially the cinema industry, have adopted this form of advertising to meet their marketing goals. Yet, video advertisements are still considered ineffective. Thus, the study set out to find out the perceptions of the cinema viewers on visual communication elements in cinema video advertisements, analyse the effectiveness of the cinema video and determine the mean differences in the effectiveness of the elements in video advertisements across gender, education level and age. It is a cross-sectional survey study using the causal-comparative approach. 240 Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam and Management and Science University (MSU) students participated in the study. TGV Cinemas and Golden Screen Cinemas were selected as the sampled video advertisements. The questionnaire used was adapted from [2], [3] and [33]. It was revealed that the image and video shots were positively perceived as the most effective communication elements in delivering the messages compared to other visual communication elements and the cinema video advertisements were comprehensible, yet they were not highly effective as an advertising platform since the advertising objectives were not achieved. In addition, the analysis of the demographic factors showed that there were significant mean differences between the four visual communication elements and age groups. Thus, the study suggests advertisers incorporate more creativity in producing interactive and immersive video advertisements to optimise the effectiveness of their advertisements.

Type of School and the Level of Students’ Academic Achievement in Marakwet East Sub County

The major purpose of this study was to assess the effect of type of school on the level of students’ academic achievement in Marakwet East Sub County.
 Academic achievements in secondary schools have remained low with major disaprities between the boys and girls schools in Marakwet East Sub-County. 
 The study utilized the Causal comparative approach. The study was undertaken in Public Secondary Schools in Marakwet East, Elgeyo County Kenya between January 2021 to February 2021.
 Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling was used to sample 3 boys’ school, 3 girls school and 4 mixed schools. Findings showed the one-way between groups analysis of variance was F (2, 7) = 10.936, p.05. As a result, the null hypothesis which was stated as that there is no link between school type and academic achievement was rejected.In conclusion,the present study rejected the null hypothesis and concludes that the relationship is statistically significant. The sample data support the notion that the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable exists in the population of secondary schools in Marakwet East. Thus the hypothesis (Ho1) was rejected. There was a link between academic achievement and the type of school. Boys' and girls' schools, in particular, performed better than mixed schools.

Positively waiting: Technology as the preferred distractor in a pediatric outpatient setting

Visiting any pediatric outpatient clinic as a child may be considered a stressful and anxiety-inducing experience. The literature suggests that positive distractions, such as pet therapy and single-user electronic devices, may aid in reducing anxiety and maximizing patient satisfaction throughout the patient’s experience at a pediatric outpatient clinic. The aim of this pilot quality improvement project was to determine which positive distractions patients experienced and whether single-user electronic loaner devices should be provided to patients at pediatric outpatient facilities. A quantitative causal comparative approach was utilized in identifying patient exposure to key positive distraction techniques that may significantly decrease anxiety. The independent variable was the patient gender as reported by the caretaker. The term “caretaker” refers to the adult parent, guardian, relative, or friend accompanying the patient. The dependent variables were caretakers’ responses to interview questions regarding exposure to and interest in various positive distractors. Most patients reported more interactions with therapy dogs than either clowns or musicians, with none reporting magician interaction while waiting for their appointments. Many patients (71%) demonstrated interest in having access to single-user electronics during clinic appointment wait times. Male patients showed great interest (87%) in having access to single-user electronics. Findings suggest that pediatric healthcare facilities funding single-user electronics to reduce patient anxiety may increase patient satisfaction. Additionally, data suggest administrators may benefit by offering an array of positive distractions, with a particular focus on pet therapy programs. Child life specialists are particularly suited for overseeing the implementation of an efficient and effective program.

OPTIMASI PEMBAYANGAN JENDELA PADA GEDUNG TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR POLITEKNIK NEGERI PONTIANAK

Pontianak is right on the equator which is located between 0 ° 02 '24 "North Latitude - 0 ° 01'37" South Latitude 109 ° 16' 25 "- 109 ° 23 '04" East Longitude With its position close to the sun causing Pontianak a city where the temperature is hot. The architectural engineering lecture building is designed to be protected from the sun which is indicated by the consul roof and the use of shading on the windows. From the results of temporary observations, there is sunlight that still enters the room so that it can increase the room temperature. This condition can interfere with the course of lectures. Even though the air conditioner has been installed, due to the high temperature of the air it causes the AC load to be high and quickly damaged, resulting in waste. The research method used is a quantitative method with a causal-comparative approach, namely looking for the relationship between the shadow patterns that occur in the room. The data that has been collected is then analyzed by connecting the existing theories and findings. With this research, it is hoped that the optimization of shading performance on windows will be known, then a solution will be found using the Sketchup application. Imagery simulations can be demonstrated during lectures. It is also hoped that from the results of this research, if applied it will be able to lower the room temperature and reduce the AC load so that it becomes more economical.

The Role of Physical Education on Motivation, Engagement, Sport Satisfaction, and Health-Related Fitness of High-School Students

Background: Students’ participation in sports activities in the course of physical education is essential for their health and may be influenced by the teacher’s instructing strategies. The present research aimed to examine the effect of a self-determined intervention in physical education class on motivation, engagement, sport satisfaction, and health-related physical fitness of adolescent students. Methods: The present study employed a causal-comparative approach and was conducted on 80 high-school girls (mean age of 16.63 years) of Tehran, Iran, 2019, who were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. The students in the intervention group were exposed to a three-month self-determined-based intervention within the physical education class adopted by the teacher. On the other hand, those in the control group attended their regular physical education class. A standard questionnaire assessed the motivation, engagement, and sport satisfaction. Field tests evaluated physical fitness, comprising agility and cardiorespiratory fitness. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were employed for data analysis. Results: The findings demonstrated that compared to traditional teaching, self-determined intervention contributed to a significantly higher level of motivation (3.58±0.66, P<0.001), engagement (3.14±0.49, P<0.001), and sport satisfaction (2.71±0.20, P<0.001) in the post-test. Our results also revealed that exposure to a self-determined intervention did not significantly improve health-related physical fitness components, including agility (P=0.489) and cardiovascular fitness, (P=0.561) compared to nonautonomous training. Conclusion: These findings may indicate that the feeling of autonomy, competence, and relatedness within physical education class encompasses greater effects on psychological factors (motivation, intention to engagement, and satisfaction) than physical factors (physical fitness).

Konsep Diri pada Remaja yang Mengalami Bullying

This study aims to determine how the influence of bullying behavior on self-concept in adolescents. The research method used is quantitative with a causal-comparative approach. The results showed that there was an effect of bullying on self-concept in adolescents. Based on the R square test results, it is known that bullying has an impact of 51.1% to determine self-concept in adolescents, and the remaining 48.9% is influenced by something not examined in this study. In conclusion, the higher or often the teenager is bullied, the self-concept will decrease. The more often a person becomes a victim of bullying, the more negative his self-concept will be.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Bullying, Self Concept, Youth

Developing disposition to critical thinking and problem-solving perception in instructional design projects for producing digital materials

This study investigated the development of perceptions of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among a group of students taking part in instructional design projects to produce digital materials using different instructional design models. The study participants were students from a computer science teaching department who were enrolled in an instructional design course. Participants were divided into two groups according to instructional design model. The rapid prototyping model (RPM) group consisted of 47 students working in 9 teams on an assignment to develop an e-book for educational use, and the Dick and Carey model (DCM) group consisted of 37 students working in 7 teams on an assignment to design digital materials to enrich courses on a specific subject. Student perceptions of the development of their critical thinking and problem-solving skills were analyzed using a causal-comparative approach, with the Big Five Personality traits as covariance. The RPM group indicated significant improvements in their perceived problem-solving skills, particularly with respect to their confidence in undertaking tasks, whereas the DCM group perceived significant improvements in their disposition to critical-thinking, particularly with respect to self-confidence and analyticity. The Openness to Experience trait was reported to be a significant covariance on the self-confidence sub-factor of both skills, as was the trait Extraversion. The findings are discussed in detail, along with recommendations for further research.

Efectos de programas de política pública sobre las actividades e identidad de la profesión académica en las escuelas Normales de México

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las características del perfil profesional, las actividades e identidad de la profesión académica en las escuelas Normales de México. Es un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, transeccional y de alcance causal-comparativo, realizado con una muestra de 281 académicos normalistas. Los principales resultados advierten que los participantes mantienen una identidad académica asociada a la noción de formadores de formadores dedicados a la docencia y, de forma paralela, a la noción de docentes-investigadores. Las pruebas estadísticas permiten reconocer diferencias significativas en las horas dedicadas a las diversas actividades académicas entre los académicos normalistas que participan en programas de estímulo y reconocimiento, y quienes no. Se concluye que los programas no representan una imposición, sino una posibilidad para realizar investigación. Esta situación ha tenido efectos de cambio sobre las dimensiones que configuran la identidad académica y han generado una tendencia hacia un nuevo modelo de profesión académica.