Cauliflower Crops Research Articles

Deciphering Phyllomicrobiome of Cauliflower Leaf: Revelation by Metagenomic and Microbiological Analysis of Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes Against Black Rot Disease.

Understanding the phyllomicrobiome dynamics in cauliflower plants holds significant promise for enhancing crop resilience against black rot disease, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. In this study, the culturable microbiome and metagenomic profile of tolerant (BR-161) and susceptible (Pusa Sharad) cauliflower genotypes were investigated to elucidate microbial interactions associated with disease tolerance. Isolation of phyllospheric bacteria from asymptomatic and black rot disease symptomatic leaves of tolerant and susceptible cultivars yielded 46 diverse bacterial isolates. Molecular identification via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed differences in the diversity of microbial taxa between genotypes and health conditions. Metagenomic profiling using next-generation sequencing elucidated distinct microbial communities, with higher diversity observed in black rot disease symptomatic leaf of BR-161. Alpha and beta diversity indices highlighted differences in microbial community structure and composition between genotypes and health conditions. Taxonomic analysis revealed a core microbiome consisting of genera such as Xanthomonas, Psychrobacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pseudomonas across all the samples. Validation through microbiological methods confirmed the presence of these key genera. The findings provide novel insights into the phyllomicrobiome of black rot-tolerant and susceptible genotypes of cauliflower. Harnessing beneficial microbial communities identified in this study offers promising avenues for developing sustainable strategies to manage black rot disease and enhance cauliflower crop health and productivity.

Chlorantraniliprole resistance associated with diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) outbreaks in Arizona Brassica crops.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), isone of the most important insect pests of Brassica crops worldwide. In October 2016, outbreaks of an invasive P. xylostella population and unexpected control failures occurred on broccoli and cauliflower crops throughout all vegetable-growing regions in Arizona. Nineteen populations of Plutella xylostella were collected from 2016 to 2021 from various commercial cauliflower fields in Yuma and Scottsdale, Arizona, and from experimental broccoli plots at the University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center (UAYAC), Yuma, Arizona. Populations collected from the commercial cauliflower fields had been transplanted with seedlings produced in a local Yuma nursery in 2016 and Salinas, CA in 2017 to 2018, whereas experimental broccoli plots were direct seeded. These populations were evaluated for their susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole. In this study, field rate laboratory bioassays, serial dilution laboratory bioassays, and field efficacy spray experiments were performed. The field rate laboratory bioassay results showed that spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole remained effective at controlling P. xylostella, but chlorantraniliprole did not control P. xylostella at the field rate. Additionally, serial dilution bioassays confirmed significant levels of cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole resistance in the P. xylostella populations collected from transplanted cauliflower fields. However, the results of the multiyear/growing-seasons study monitoring the susceptibility of P. xylostella populations collected from direct-seeded broccoli and field efficacy trials conducted at the UAYAC indicated that the resistance to diamide insecticides was neither uniform nor persistent following the 2016 outbreak. Nevertheless, the risk for P. xylostella resistance in Arizona vegetable-growing regions exists, particularly in Brassica transplants. Therefore, we recommend that Arizona Brassica growers remain vigilant and practice rigorous insecticide resistance management to offset the development of resistance.

Crop Growth Analysis Using Automatic Annotations and Transfer Learning in Multi-Date Aerial Images and Ortho-Mosaics

Growth monitoring of crops is a crucial aspect of precision agriculture, essential for optimal yield prediction and resource allocation. Traditional crop growth monitoring methods are labor-intensive and prone to errors. This study introduces an automated segmentation pipeline utilizing multi-date aerial images and ortho-mosaics to monitor the growth of cauliflower crops (Brassica Oleracea var. Botrytis) using an object-based image analysis approach. The methodology employs YOLOv8, a Grounding Detection Transformer with Improved Denoising Anchor Boxes (DINO), and the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for automatic annotation and segmentation. The YOLOv8 model was trained using aerial image datasets, which then facilitated the training of the Grounded Segment Anything Model framework. This approach generated automatic annotations and segmentation masks, classifying crop rows for temporal monitoring and growth estimation. The study’s findings utilized a multi-modal monitoring approach to highlight the efficiency of this automated system in providing accurate crop growth analysis, promoting informed decision-making in crop management and sustainable agricultural practices. The results indicate consistent and comparable growth patterns between aerial images and ortho-mosaics, with significant periods of rapid expansion and minor fluctuations over time. The results also indicated a correlation between the time and method of observation which paves a future possibility of integration of such techniques aimed at increasing the accuracy in crop growth monitoring based on automatically derived temporal crop row segmentation masks.

The Effect of Land Slope Level on Productivity of Pujon Agroforestry

The slope of the land can influence accessibility, water movement, and soil characteristics, thereby affecting the productivity of agroforestry plants. This study aims to analyze the effect of land slope on agroforestry productivity. The methods employed included field observations and questionnaires to collect data. A total of 100 farmers from various locations participated as respondents in this study. Regression analysis was conducted to determine and compare the influence of land slope on the productivity of agroforestry crops. The results of the analysis indicated that land slope does not significantly affect land productivity. The highest net income for farmers on slopes of 15-30% was from chili crops, amounting to Rp 76,987,600 per year with a B/C Ratio of 2.97, while the lowest was from cauliflower crops, with an income of Rp 31,586,800 per year and a B/C ratio of 1.74. The distribution of plant species across different slope levels was relatively uniform. Thus, the slope of the land does not have a significant effect on the success and productivity of the agroforestry system.

Productivity and Profitability of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) Based Intercropping System for Sorjan Bed System

Cauliflower, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., is a highly adaptable vegetable that offers significant nutritional advantages and is cultivated to a varying extent in the Barishal region. An experiment was conducted in Banaripara Upazila, Barishal district, to inspect the selection of a suitable intercrop for cauliflower, with the goal of maximizing the usage of Sorjan bed space and increasing economic benefits for farmers. The study covered two consecutive years, specifically 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The study included a combination of intercropping treatments, namely Cauliflower as sole crop (T1), Cauliflower + Red amaranth (T2), Cauliflower + coriander leaf (T3), Cauliflower + lettuce (T4), Cauliflower + radish leaf (T5) and Cauliflower + spinach (T6). A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to carry out the study, with treatment effects observed in 3×2.4 m2 of land units. The cauliflower seeds were sown on a nursery bed at October 30th, 2021, and October 29th, 2022. Twenty days older seedlings were undertaken a hardening process for a duration of 2 days. To ensure proper growth, the cauliflower crop received nutrients including N, P, K, S, Zn, B and cow dung at rates of 120, 60, 100, 24, 3.6, 2.1 kg and 3 tons per hectare, respectively. Spanning two consecutive years, the combination of cauliflower and coriander leaf provided the highest land equivalent ratio, with values of 1.68 and 1.62, respectively. Besides, in view of BCR, cauliflower intercropped with spinach resulted the highest BCR values of 1.61 in the first year and 1.50 in the second year. Cauliflower + spinach intercropping system resulted in net returns of 217,410 and 183,950 BDT, respectively. Therefore, it can be suggested that farmers can cultivate their land with a combination of cauliflower and spinach in the interest of maximizing profitability in Sorjan bed cultivation. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(2):166-177, 2024

Constraints and suggestions analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower crop in Jammu region of J&K (UT)

Constraints and suggestions analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower crop in Jammu region of J&K (UT)

Effect of boron and molybdenum on growth and yield attributes of cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae Var. Botrytis L) at Salyan, Nepal

A research study was conducted to investigate the impact of varying levels of boron and molybdenum on the growth and yield parameters of the Silvercup-60 variety of cauliflower in the fields of Luham, Salyan during the winter season of 2022. The experiment comprised seven treatments arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each replication included seven treatments denoted as follows: T1 (Control), T2 (Borax @10 kg/ha), T3 (Ammonium Molybdate @1 kg/ha), T4 (Borax @10 kg/ha + Ammonium Molybdate @1 kg/ha), T5 (Borax @10 kg + Ammonium Molybdate @2 kg/ha), T6 (Borax @20 kg/ha + Ammonium Molybdate @1 kg/ha), and T7 (Borax @20 kg/ha + Ammonium Molybdate @2 kg/ha), representing different doses of boron and molybdenum. Various growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width, were recorded at intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 55 days post-transplanting, along with yield parameters such as curd diameter and curd yield. Notably, treatment T4 (Borax @10 kg/ha + Ammonium Molybdate @1 kg/ha) exhibited significantly superior curd diameter (19.03 cm) and yield (16.41 mt/ha) compared to the control group, while the control group yielded the lowest values for these parameters. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the application of boron and molybdenum at a rate of 10 kg/ha of Borax and 1 kg/ha of Ammonium Molybdenum is recommended for cauliflower cultivation in the Salyan district, as it leads to enhanced growth and yield of cauliflower crops.

Innovative Tools for Nitrogen Fertilization Traceability in Organic Farming Products: A Cauliflower Case Study

Different research works have been carried out over the years to investigate new and reliable systems to test the authenticity of products obtained using organic cultivation methods. Based on a previously proposed integrated approach for discriminating organic from conventional products through the acquisition of isotopic data and other chemical and biochemical parameters, we herein report the results of an open-field cultivation case study for cauliflower crop. Experiments were carried out on soil, leaves, and corymb samples of cauliflowers grown using six different nitrogen fertilization treatments (organic, conventional, and mixed at different % of mineral fertilizers). The results of this study have shown that a multivariate analysis of isotopic data (13C/12C; 15N/14N, 34S/32S, 2H/1H, and 18O/16O isotopic ratios) combined with other parameters (fresh weight, total soluble solids, total acidity, cut resistance, CIE L*, a*, b* color indices, head height, head diameter, ascorbic acid content, total polyphenols, and ORAC units) performed using the linear discriminant analysis method gives researchers the possibility to discriminate organic products from conventional ones. Our study highlighted that the different isotopic signatures impressed on the cauliflowers by the different nitrogenous sources combined with the qualitative pattern of the crop, significantly affected by the different treatments, could effectively be jointly used to trace the organic origin of the crop.

A multimodal approach for enhanced disease management in cauliflower crops: integration of spectral sensors, machine learning models and targeted spraying technology

A multimodal approach for enhanced disease management in cauliflower crops: integration of spectral sensors, machine learning models and targeted spraying technology

Cauli-Det: enhancing cauliflower disease detection with modified YOLOv8.

Cauliflower cultivation plays a pivotal role in the Indian Subcontinent's winter cropping landscape, contributing significantly to both agricultural output, economy and public health. However, the susceptibility of cauliflower crops to various diseases poses a threat to productivity and quality. This paper presents a novel machine vision approach employing a modified YOLOv8 model called Cauli-Det for automatic classification and localization of cauliflower diseases. The proposed system utilizes images captured through smartphones and hand-held devices, employing a finetuned pre-trained YOLOv8 architecture for disease-affected region detection and extracting spatial features for disease localization and classification. Three common cauliflower diseases, namely 'Bacterial Soft Rot', 'Downey Mildew' and 'Black Rot' are identified in a dataset of 656 images. Evaluation of different modification and training methods reveals the proposed custom YOLOv8 model achieves a precision, recall and mean average precision (mAP) of 93.2%, 82.6% and 91.1% on the test dataset respectively, showcasing the potential of this technology to empower cauliflower farmers with a timely and efficient tool for disease management, thereby enhancing overall agricultural productivity and sustainability.

INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE BY BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST ALTERNARIA BLIGHT OF CAULIFLOWER CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA BRASSICAE

Alternaria blight of cauliflower is initiated by Alternaria brassicae, is considered as one of the significant diseases caused in cauliflower crop cultivated in all the growing areas of the world. Alternaria blight disease severity in cauliflower occurs after initiation of curd formation and continues till seed pods are set. Several opportunities include improvement of resistant cultivars; crop rotation, biological control, chemical pesticides, and tillage are used to control this particular disease. By using chemical pesticide mostly diseases can be controlled. In present investigation the three abiotic (salicylic acid, oxalic acid, benzothiadiazole and two biotic compound Trichoderma harzianum, and T.viride lab formulations were used to control this disease. Treatments were evaluated for their ability to reduce illness and prevent the production of conidia, a hallmark of pathogen proliferation. However, the disease control was maximum in variety Doctor II and under post inoculation technique. The maximum disease control was observed with the treatment of bion (93.86%) followed by salicylic Aacid (90.93%) and oxalic acid (89.06%) @ 50 mg.L concentration. The biotic compound T. harziaznum (4g/Kg seeds) also showed effective disease control (87.2%) followed by T.viride (84.53%). Although, the disease initiation in variety SV40551AC was two days later and the infection index was lower in Doctor II due to its tolerance nature. Keywords: Alternaria brassicae, cauliflower, Alternaria blight, entry routes, pathogen.

Optimization of Nitrogen Dose through Fertigation in Cauliflower under Drip Irrigation

Proper management of nitrogenous fertilizers is of paramount importance for economical crop production and sustainable soil-water-atmosphere ecosystem. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of different nitrogen fertigation levels on cauliflower crop through drip irrigation. The nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied in 35 equal doses with irrigation water applied at alternate day through drip irrigation system. Soil moisture in the soil profile of different treatments was recorded at fortnight interval. The observed moisture content tended to decrease with increase in radial distance from the drip lateral at all soil depths. The soil moisture tended to decrease with increase in soil depth at all radial distances, throughout the soil profile, during whole crop period, in all the treatments. The cauliflower yield with N-fertigation of 90 kg ha-1 (75% of Recommended dose of N), 120 kg ha-1 (100% RDN) and 150 kg ha-1 (125% RDN) was found to be 221 q ha-1, 231 q ha-1 and 234 q ha-1 respectively. The water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated to be 80.7 kg m-3, 84.2 kg m-3 and 85.4 kg m-3 under 75% RDN, 100% RDN and 125 % RDN respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was found to be 245.6 kg kg-1, 192.2 kg kg-1 and 156 kg kg-1 under 75% RDN, 100% RDN and 125% RDN respectively. The increased N-fertigation level did not improve the cauliflower yield and WUE much but reduced the NUE to a great extent.

Response of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) to Micronutrient Mixture in the Micronutrient Deficient Alfisol

Aim: Though the effect of foliar application of micronutrients is well established, research on the performance of cauliflower with combined application of micronutrients is very meager. Keeping this in view, the research work was proposed to assess the effect of Micronutrient Mixture on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower under field conditions.
 Study Design: The field experiment in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatment combinations with four replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Farmers Field, Deverayapuram, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore. The field experiment was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023.
 Methodology: The micronutrient mixture specific to cauliflower was developed at various levels based on their requirement to crop, with data obtained from soil testing, literature on nutrient uptake, and micronutrient deficiencies in cauliflower crops. Different rates of micronutrient mixture viz., 15, 20, 25, and 30 kg ha-1 combined with farmyard manure (FYM), were used to enhance fertilizer solubility.
 Results: It was recorded that the application of Micronutrient Mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by the Micronutrient Mixture @ 25 kg ha-1. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither FYM nor Micronutrient Mixture was applied.
 Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of a micronutrient mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 incubated with FYM has a positive impact on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 30kg ha-1 can be recommended for cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soils to enhance crop productivity.

Amino Acids Substance Biostimulants Application for Vegetable Development of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

In Brazil, cauliflower crop (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is mainly a backyard gardening production, conducted in small areas of the country. However, its farming practice requires manpower as the production is mostly driven by family farming. Indeed, demand in labor and in sums, further coupled with environmental concerns and high production costs, seeks otherwise alternatives in providing greater efficiency, generating greater yield and quality, compared to other vegetables. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the biostimulant effect based on amino acids associated with a nutrient complex with high calcium and boron content in cauliflower cultivation. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Campo Largo-PR, Brazil in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0ml L-1 doses, plus the control treatment (producer standard), which follows all recommendations for culture, without the addition of the product under study in this article. The applications were performed by foliar spraying, at fortnightly intervals. At the end of the cycle, at 96 days after transplantation, the following parameters were evaluated: plant height, head height, head width and length, number of leaves, stem diameter, the fresh mass of the head, and average yield. The use of the biostimulant based on amino acids, calcium, and boron had a positive effect on the cauliflower crop, with the best results obtained at the dose of 1 ml L-1.

Influence of molybdenum application on soil nutrient status and uptake by cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) in an Acid Alfisol soil

A field investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of molybdenum (Mo) application on the yield and nutrient status of cauliflower in an acid Alfisol. The experiment comprised eleven treatments, replicated thrice in a randomized block design (RBD). The highest marketable yield of 558.8 g plant-1 was recorded in treatment with a recommended dose of NPK + FYM, with an increase of 29.1 percent over control (T1). The same treatment enhanced the uptake of macro-and micronutrients. Mo application positively influenced the curd productivity and soil nutrient status, with the conjoint application (soil plus foliar) out performing other treatments. In conclusion, cauliflower crop grown on Mo deficient soil responds positively to its conjoint application (soil plus foliar). However, the sole foliar application of Mo @0.1% recorded the highest apparent nutrient recovery (ANR) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF), with corresponding values of 2.2% and 41.2, respectively.

Farmers’ Choice for Output Marketing Channels of Cauliflower in Himachal Pradesh, India: A Multinomial Logit Model Analysis

The market channel choice are the contributing issues which has impact on production and sales of cauliflower crop. Despite their importance, yet adequate research has not been carried out on it, particularly in hill regions of India. Considering this, the present study focuses on the factors affecting cauliflower farmers’ choice of output marketing channels and what level their market choice influences the market participation in Himachal Pradesh. The field survey was employed on a sample of 200 farmers through field interviews based on a structured questionnaire. The multinomial logistic regression model was employed to determine the factors influencing farmers’ choice for output marketing channels. The finding of this paper reveals that there are five output marketing channels used by cauliflower growers in the study area, producer-retailer-consumer (1%) followed by producer-retailer-consumer (2.50%) producer-commission agent-retailer-consumer (39%), local trader-wholesaler-retailer-consumer (24%) and producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer (33.50%) respectively. Further, the empirical results shows that education, farm income, experience, market distance market information found to be significant at 1%, 5% and 10% significant level which affects farmers choice to choose marketing channel. However, slows sale slow sales of cauliflower crop in marketing Channel-A affects farmers choice to participate in other marketing channels such as Channel-B, D and E. Moreover, the study concluded with the suggestion for development of suitable institutional support programmes, such as public–private partnerships, to better connect farmers to markets.

Agronomic Practices Followed by the Farmers in Kharar Division (SAS Nagar) Punjab

The agriculture industry plays a significant part in the Indian economy, accounting for around 20% of the Gross Domestic product (GDP). Around 62 percent of India’s population is reliant on it for survival Gupta & Nagar [1]. Agriculture is a crucial sector of the Indian economy as it contributes about 20.19 percent of GDP (DAC&FW Annual Report, 2020-21). Agronomical practices include all the practices which are followed by the farmer from seed to seed i.e. from seed sowing to seed harvesting and storing. The study was conducted in Kharar block, district SAS Nagar (Punjab). Three villages were selected randomly. A questionnaire was prepared to interview the farmers. After the collection of the data from respondents data were classified and analyzed with the help of suitable statistical measures. As per the data collected overall 100%, of farmers grow wheat and about 98% of respondents grow paddy crop in their fields. Apart from these two crops around 52% of farmers grow cauliflower crop in their fields overall 46% of farmers cultivate the mustard crop. The overall amount of fertilizers used by the respondents are more than the recommended dose. Phalaris minor is the major weed, apart from this about 92% of farmers face the problem of Grasshopper insects in the paddy crop. The average yield of wheat, paddy, and cauliflower is 52, and 75,243 QTLs/ acre respectively.

Effects of Irrigation Method and Water Flow Rate on Irrigation Performance, Soil Salinity, Yield, and Water Productivity of Cauliflower

Water scarcity is a major constraint for food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this regard, selecting the best irrigation technique is crucial to overcome water scarcity and enhance water productivity (WP) with no significant yield loss. This study aimed to assess the impact of irrigation techniques of every furrow irrigation (EFI), alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and drip irrigation (DI), as well as the flow rate, on irrigation system performance parameters, yield, water productivity of cauliflower crop and soil salinity during the two successive growing seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 under field conditions. The treatments comprised three different irrigation inflow rates: Q1 = 0.47 L/s, Q2 = 0.95 L/s, and Q3 = 1.43 L/s. For both investigated seasons, the AFI + Q3 treatment produced the best water distribution uniformity (DU) and water application efficiency (AE) of 85.10% and 72.73%, respectively, of the surface irrigation, and DI methods across the two growing seasons produced the highest DU of 95%. DI produced the highest cauliflower curd yield (18.12 Mg/fed), followed by EFI + Q3 (12.285 Mg/fed) and AFI + Q3 (11.905 Mg/fed). The maximum mean WP value of 10.6 kg/m3 was recorded with DI, followed by AFI + Q3 (6.24 kg/m3), across the two growing seasons. DI, AFI + Q3, AFI + Q2, AFI + Q1, EFI + Q3, and EFI + Q2 saved irrigation water by 32.63, 28.71, 21.22, 18.04, 10.48, and 3.18%, respectively, compared with EFI + Q1 across the two growing seasons. During both seasons, the average value using the drip irrigation system was 3.60 dS/m. Considering the annual leaching requirements of soil, climate change conditions, and fixed costs, we recommend the use of a drip irrigation system in clayey soil to produce cauliflower, followed by the use of the alternative furrow irrigation method to enable the aeration of the same soil for a lower cost.

Management of Plutella xylostella on Cauliflower Crop Through Novel Group of Insecticides

Management of Plutella xylostella on Cauliflower Crop Through Novel Group of Insecticides

Exploring the Impact of Bioformulated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Cytomorphology of Alternaria brassicicola.

Black leaf spot of Brassica species is caused by a foliar pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (A. brassicicola), the noxious killer of mustard, cabbage, and cauliflower crops. The current investigation involved the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from potential strain of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum). Characterization of CuO NPs was performed by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and HR-TEM studies. UV-visible spectra showed an absorption peak at 275nm. FTIR study revealed the presence of N-H bonds which could be due to the presence of enzymes and secondary metabolites released in the filtrate of T. harzianum. SEM and HR-TEM revealed the cube shape CuO NPs formed and average particle size was in the range of 31-45nm. Poisoned food technique was used to check the antifungal efficacy of CuO NPs against A. brassicicola at various concentrations (0.025, 0.050, 0.1, and 0.15mg/mL). In vitro assays carried on potato dextrose agar showed maximum antifungal activity at 0.15mg/mL. The control sample have cylindrical and oblong shape conidia, while transverse septation was 2-4 in untreated population. The lower concentrations of CuO NPs (0.025 and 0.050mg/mL) caused malformed spherical shape conidia with excessive septation, while its higher concentrations (0.1 and 0.15mg/mL) leads to viability loss in fungal culture. Results indicated that a higher concentration of CuO NPs serve as an effective biocidal concentration for the control of phytopathogens.