262 Western American Literature Sam Chance. By Benjamin Capps. (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1987. 269 pages, $22.50/$10.95.) The Brothers of Uterica. By Benjamin Capps. (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1988. 315 pages, $22.50/$10.95.) The White Man’s Road. By Benjamin Capps. (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1988. 317 pages, $22.50/$10.95.) Personal past cannot be detached from the historical past of family and region. Novelist Benjamin Capps seems never to have considered his past in any way except as a chapter in the history of northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma. Blessed at birth with a gnawing curiosity and an intellect which earned Phi Beta Kappa status at the University of Texas, Capps has expanded his experience in his native region through reading and research. New editions of three of Capps’s novels, published in the Southwest Life and Letters series recently initiated by Southern Methodist University Press, illuminate the his tory of Capps’s homeland by bringing to life those who created that past. In these novels, published first in the 1960s, Capps explores nineteenthcentury life from the perspectives of the cowman, the visionary, and the Native American as their destinies are shaped in the conflict of personality with place and change. Seeing in certain historical events what historian C. L. Sonnichsen calls “crucibles of character,” Capps creates memorable human beings but no heroes. In the afterword to Sam Chance, Elmer Kelton observes that “One of Capps’ strengths is that he does not portray his principal characters in the mythic tradition of the perfect hero.” In Sam Chance, a Confederate sergeant sees in his future at the end of the Civil War “an emptiness different from any he had imagined.” Moreover, his native Tennessee seems only to be a part of that bleak outlook. Sam heads for Texas. Ambitious and not afraid of hard work, Sam sees Texas as a land of “big possibilities,” but he has no vision of what those possibilities might be. As a competent cow hunter, Sam takes advantage of every opportunity. Soon, he has the start of his own longhorn herd branded with his newly created mark, the long C. The shrewd hired man on horsebadk is destined to become a cowman of substance. Sam persists through depression, drought, and other natural disasters to build a ranch and a name already legendary before his death in 1922. Late in his life, after tangling with Austin bureaucrats who see Sam as a land-hogging cattle king, Sam isreturning home feeling misunderstood but far from defeated when a small booted boy, swaggering down the train aisle, pulls his toy pistol on Sam and brags that he is Sam Chance, “a big, big giant” who lived “once upon a time.” Sam dies a legend, though not a hero, for the irascible old cattleman, as the author explains in the introduction, is a product of times when “good and bad were hard to discern.” If Sam Chance leaves its readers not quite satisfied, it is because Capps introduces many intriguing characters into Sam’s life without telling us much about them. One aspect of Ben Capps’sworks which sets him apart from most Essay Reviews 263 southwestern male writers is demonstrated in his characterization of Martha Paine Chance. He reveals an unusual masculine empathy for the women who appear in each of his novels. Martha comes from Tennessee to live a desolate life while Sam builds his fortune. Although he loves her intensely, Sam never realizes how desperate her situation is as she raises two children virtually without companionship. Sam brings her presents, but he never shares his life with her. Before her early death—of premature old age, the doctor intimates —Sam, who isoften introspective, puzzles over their relationship. He concludes that “every life is a long secret known by only one.” Isolation and desolation conquer Martha in Sam Chance. Feminist Harriet Edwards, sometimes referred to as “that bitch,” is conquered only when all are defeated in Capps’s account of an unsuccessful socialist experi ment in communal living in North Texas. Harriet is one of the visionaries in The Brothers of Uterica, a narrative based on the histories...