Cattle Egret Research Articles

Role of Cattle Egrets in the Dissemination of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli: A One Health Perspective

This study was carried out to establish the role of cattle egrets that feed on a nearby animal farm as a possible source of MDR bacteria. A total of 50 faecal dropping samples of cattle egret were collected from cattle farm and processed in the laboratory for isolation of E. coli. Total 45 isolates were recovered, of which 20 were identified and characterized as E. coli morphologically and biochemically. The antibiogram profile of all E. coli isolates recovered from cattle egret revealed 100% resistance to Ampicillin, Cloxacillin and Cefotaxime. Antibiotics such as Imipenem, Gentamycin, Trimethoprim, and Triple sulphas were found highly sensitive (100%) followed by Streptomycin (90%). The Sensitivity of Norfloxacin and Kanamycin ranged between intermediate to high degree, while Polymyxin was found sensitive for 55% isolates. Multi antimicrobial resistance index of all the isolates was found to be more than 0.27 indicating a “high risk” for the community. These, MDR positive E. coli, were further subjected to phenotypic and genotypic confirmation of ESBL producers by DDST and PCR, respectively. Out of 20, 12 isolates (60%) were confirmed as ESBL producers by DDST and PCR. PCR analysis of ESBL positive isolates revealed the predominance of bla CTX gene. All E. coli were also evaluated for pathogenicity using in vitro tests and 50% and 40% of the isolates were found to be pathogenic on the Congo red binding and hemolysis test, respectively. In the present study, the occurrence of MDR E. coli and ESBL producers in cattle egret is a cause of concern for public health and animal health.

Biological Role of Cattle Egrets in Parasitic Transmission

Biological Role of Cattle Egrets in Parasitic Transmission

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MIGRATORY-NESTING BIRDS POPULATIONS BELONGING TO THE FAMILY OF ARDEIDAE IN THE GIZILAGHAJ BAY

In 2013-2023, in the Gizilaghaj Bay located on the South-Western coast of the Caspian Sea, the trophic relationships of the migratory and nesting bird populations belonging to the Ardeidae family (Botarus stellaris, Ixobrychus minutus, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardeola ralloides, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta garzetta, Ardea alba, Ardea cinerea, Ardea purpurea) were evaluated with 100 points. It was evaluated 40-60 (sufficient) in 36 species, the main food objects of which are plants, in 9 species 60-80 (good). It was evaluated 40-60 (sufficient) in 12 species of birds, the main food objects of which are invertebrates, 60-80 (good) in the populations of 114 species and 80-100 (very good) in 10 bird species. It was evaluated 0-20 (very bad) in 14 species, the main food objects of which are vertebrates, 20-40 (bad) in 18 species, 40-60 (sufficient) in 56 species and 60-80 (good) in 10 species.

Bird Habitat Suitability Analysis of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung Using Landscape Metrics

Abstract One focus of landscape ecology studies is the study of landscape patterns. Understanding the landscape patterns can help to find suitable habitat for the development or restoration of wildlife habitats, which can partly be expressed quantitatively with measurable or computable indicators by Geographic Information System, i.e. landscape metrics. This paper aims to analyze suitable habitat for bird habitat in The New City Centre in Gede Bage Bandung using statistical relationships between the occurrence of birds and the landscape pattern. Our study focus on habitat for Javan Pond Heron (A. speciosa) and Cattle Egret (B. ibis), two bird species which has been lived since 1970 in Ranca Bayawak Village inside The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung. This study using landscape metrics software FRAGSTAT 4.2, parameter characterising landscape pattern were determined for the UTM 4 km x 4 km cells covering the whole of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung. The characteristic bird habitat define based on three types of landscape pattern : built-up areas, green spaces and water bodies. The study results based on statistical calculations found green spaces landscape metrics especially paddy field, forest and green open spaces are suitable for bird habitat, the type of patch that has the second largest patch size from total area. From statistical calculations also known built-up areas landscape metrics has the highest probability of fragmentation and the highest edge effect as a result of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung development.

Insights into microstructure and expression of markers of proliferation, apoptosis and T cells in the spleen of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

AbstractThe spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ with significant roles in pathogen clearance. It is involved in several avian diseases. The cattle egret is a wild insectivorous bird of agricultural and socioeconomic importance. Data related to microstructural features of cattle egret spleen are lacking. The present study investigated the gross anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cattle egret spleen. Proliferation (PCNA and PHH3), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3, C.CASP3) and T‐cell (CD3 and CD8) markers were assessed. Grossly, the spleen appeared brownish red, oval‐shaped and located at the oesophago‐proventricular junction. Histologically, the spleen was surrounded by a thin capsule sending a number of trabeculae which contained branches of the splenic vessels. The white pulp consisted of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS). The red pulp was formed of sinusoids and cords. The penicillar capillaries, which represent the terminal segments of the splenic arterial tree were highly branched, wrapped by prominent ellipsoids and directly connected to the splenic sinusoids, suggesting a closed type of circulation. Immunohistochemically, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐expressing cells were distributed with high counts throughout the splenic parenchyma, being highest within the splenic cords and PELS. Both PHH3‐ and C.CASP3‐expressing cells revealed a similar pattern to that of PCNA, although with fewer counts. Large numbers of T cells were observed throughout the splenic parenchyma, mainly within the cords, as revealed by CD3 and CD8 immunoreaction. The present study provides a clear insight into the precise structure of the spleen in cattle egrets and thus improves our understanding about birds' immunity.

Population Trend of Colonially Nesting Heron Species in Greece

Heron colonies are dynamic components of wetlands. Therefore, their systematic monitoring is important for the management of both birds and wetlands. During the period 1988–2018, we counted breeding pairs of seven colonial breeding heron species at 65 colonies across 37 wetlands in Greece. We considered as annual variables of a population: (a) years since 1988, (b) Natura 2000 network inclusion, (c) protected area management authority overseeing, (d) wetland type (new or restored), and (e) new colonies (established after 2003). The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis and the Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides had a positive breeding population trend. The Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea had a negative trend, while the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea population was stable. The Great White Egret Ardea alba bred sporadically at only a few sites which precluded the evaluation of its population trend. The informative population variables differed among species, even of those at the same colony, which suggests trends are also affected by conditions at wintering grounds. The study highlights the need for the systematic monitoring of heron colonies and the protection of foraging/breeding areas in order to reverse the observed negative population trends.

INFLUENCE OF GROOMING ON PERMANENT ARTHROPOD ASSOCIATES OF BIRDS: CATTLE EGRETS, LICE, AND MITES.

Birds have a diverse community of "permanent" arthropods that complete their entire life cycle on the body of the host. Because some of these arthropods are parasites that reduce host fitness, birds control them by grooming, which consists of preening with the beak and scratching with the feet. Although preening is the primary component of grooming, scratching is essential for controlling arthropods on the head and neck, which cannot be preened. Several unrelated groups of birds have evolved comb-like pectinate claws on the middle toenail of each foot. We tested the role of these claws in the control of arthropods by experimentally removing teeth from the claws of captive western cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) infested with chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), feather mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes), and nasal mites (Acari: Mesostigmata). After a period of 4 mo, we compared the abundance of arthropods on experimental birds to that of control birds with intact teeth. We used video to quantify the grooming rates of the captive birds, which groomed twice as much as wild birds. Experimental and control birds did not differ significantly in grooming time. Both groups virtually eradicated the chewing lice, but not feather mites or nasal mites. We found no support for the hypothesis that pectinate claws increase the efficiency of arthropod control by grooming. Experiments with wild birds are needed to test the hypothesis further under conditions in which birds devote less time to grooming.

L’influence relative de la modification de l’habitat sur l’assemblage d’oiseaux dans le site de l’Université Notre Dame du Kasaï-Central en République Démocratique du Congo

The aim of this study was to determine the ‘’ relative influence of habitat modification on bird assemblage’’. To estimate the ecological interest of reforestation on the Campus of Notre Dame du Kasaï site, the birds were photographed, identified and then compared to all species listed in Avibase of the region. The site hosts about 12.4% of species identified throughout the region. The following birds would be new to the Kananga area compared to Kasaï-Central bird Checklist: Bubulcus ibis, Upupa africana, Lanius collaris, Terpsiphone rufocinerea and Camaroptera brevicaudata. This study consists in demonstrating the impact of reforestation on wildlife, particularly birds. This aspect of applied biology is therefore part of the context of conservation biology. The publication of the species is a strategy for their visibility to lovers of eco-tourism based on bird watching. This could attract them and thus contribute to the economy of the region. It is on the basis of all this information that on the one hand, eco-tourism based on bird observations could develop throughout the Kasaï-Central province and on the other hand, strategies for the protection of vulnerable species will be proposed.

Urban lawn vegetation structure impact arthropod abundance and cattle egret foraging success

The vegetation in urban green spaces is often managed by means of machines and/or pesticides including herbicides for aesthetics without regard to the potential consequences on arthropods, particularly insect abundance, and the animals, especially birds, that feed on insects and other arthropods. Using the green spaces on the University of Cape Coast campus and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) that feed there as a test case, we investigated the influence of arthropod abundance and vegetation structure on the foraging success of cattle egrets. To achieve this, we measured the foraging efficiency (FE) and capture rate (CR) of cattle egrets, and their correlations with arthropod abundance, vegetation height, vegetation cover, and mode of vegetation clearing during the wet and dry seasons. Foraging cattle egrets were surveyed along seven permanent transects three times for each season. Using sweep nets and pitfall traps, arthropods were sampled at six randomly selected locations within each transect where cattle egrets were recorded. General linear models showed that arthropod abundance did not differ between seasons and was positively correlated with FE but not with CR. Moreover, arthropod abundance was positively related to the number of days since vegetation clearing but not to vegetation height, vegetation cover, or vegetation clearing method. Vegetation height and vegetation cover were negatively correlated with CR but not with FE. Also, CR was significantly higher in machine-cleared areas than in cutlass-cleared areas. Collectively, these findings highlight the influence of vegetation management practices, particularly machine-clearing, on arthropod abundance and its implications for avian foraging success in urban green spaces. The relationship between arthropod abundance and foraging efficiency emphasizes the importance of sustainable vegetation management strategies to support bird populations in urban environments.

Feeding on migratory butterflies: opportunistic observations of birds preying on the Painted Lady Vanessa cardui

Many butterfly species are often seen with severe wing damage, which is regarded as evidence of unsuccessful predation, most likely by insectivorous birds. However, observations of bird predation are rare for the vast majority of butterflies. During a long-term study of the ecology of the Painted Lady Vanessa cardui, a common migratory butterfly, a high frequency of wing damage was noted, especially in North African populations. Attacks by several bird species were confirmed during fieldwork which, along with a number of published and unpublished records from ornithological colleagues, are reported in this note. Twenty-four bird species have been recorded preying on the Painted Lady in the Palaearctic-Afrotropical region. Records from eight additional species from the Nearctic region were obtained from photographs and from the literature. With 16 families (13 passerines and three non-passerines), this bird community embraces a notable diversity of morphologies and prey-capture techniques. The most represented families were the Tyrannidae, the Sylviidae and the Turdidae while the species most frequently recorded as predators were European Bee-eater Merops apiaster, Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus, White-crowned Wheater Oenanthe leucopyga, and Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis. Most observations occurred in March–April and October when the Painted Lady migrates in large numbers, suggesting that a sudden increase in abundance may lead to a regular use of this resource by predators. Moreover, unsuccessful attacks are common, which suggests that butterflies may quite often escape with some form of wing damage. The consequences these interactions have on butterfly populations are speculative but deserve further study.

Assessment of birds trade in urban Kano

The bird trade puts pressure on both wild and domesticated populations, and several speciesare at risk of extinction due to this activity. The aim of this work was to find out the extent ofthe bird trade in urban Kano, Nigeria. A total of six markets were surveyed. The data wasobtained through interviews and observations. The conservation statuses of the traded birdswere assessed using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Listand the Nigeria Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act, 2016. A total of 101 birds belonging to 18 species were found to be under trade in various forms inthe places surveyed, with Columba species (20 (19.8 %)) being the most encountered birds,while the least encountered were Balearica pavanina (1 (1.0 %)), Bubulcus ibis (1 (1.0 %)),Pavo muticus (1 (1.0 %)), and Crithagra mozambica (1 (1.0 %)). Most of the bird species aretraded as pets, and the traders source them from different places within and outside thecountry, with the majority (56.8 %) of the traders entering the trade through familyinheritance. Although most of the birds encountered belong to the least concern category ofthe IUCN, legally protected species are openly displayed in the places surveyed. To giveendangered birds a future and to identify species in urgent need of conservation interventions,the authorities concerned should consider regular market monitoring and continuous birdsurveys.

Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran in cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis coromandus): hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations.

This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers were studied. Our results confirm that CF induces anemic conditions, leukocytosis, elevated liver enzymatic activity, and alterations in renal biomarkers. Moreover, specific microscopic lesions such as multifocal necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammatory cell proliferation were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus. These findings suggest that CF can induce harmful effects, so the application of this pesticide in the field must be strictly monitored to mitigate the possibility of exposure to non-target species.

Comparative Macro- and Micro-morphological Study on the Syrinx of Three Avian Species

This study aimed to explain and compare the anatomical, histological, histochemical & histomorphometric analyses of the syrinx in different species of birds. This study includes 21 healthy birds from geese (Anser Anser Domesticus), cattle egrets (Bublucus ibis) & house sparrows (Passer domesticus), seven from each species. Results: Anatomically, the syrinx of the three studied species was tracheobronchial type composed of 2 different cartilaginous groups arranged in three parts: Tracheo-Syringeal cartilage in (cranial, intermediate part (tympanum)) and broncho-syringeal cartilage; as well as the trachea's muscles were once thought to be the syrinx's extrinsic muscles. Histologically, the lamina epithelialis of the Tracheo-Syringeal part was represented by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the three investigated species with goblet cells in geese, house sparrows and lack goblet cells in cattle egrets. The pessulus in all three investigated species was triangular and positioned at the tip of the tracheal bifurcation. The bulla of house sparrow was considered the intrinsic syringeal muscles and these muscles in sparrows are not only present in geese or cattle egrets.

Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Avifauna in District Jhang, Pakistan

The present study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022 in the Thal desert and Trimmu barrage of district Jhang located in the Punjab province of Pakistan to find out the diversity, abundance, and distribution of birds. The point count method was used for the Trimmu barrage, and the line transect method was used for the collection of data in the Thal desert area. We recorded 31,696 individuals belonging to 67 species of birds from two distinct types of habitats (Thal desert and Trimmu barrage) of district Jhang. Among these species, 39 species were residents, 18 species were winter visitors, 9 species were summer breeders, and a single species (Terek sandpiper) was a passage migrant. Highly significant differences ( X 2 = 14979.7 , df = 11 , and P < 0.01 ) were observed in the abundance of birds between both habitats on every month. From the Thal desert area, 12,905 individuals belonging to 45 species were identified while 18,791 individuals from 58 bird species were observed in the Trimmu barrage, with 36 bird species among 67 species being common at both habitats. The most dominant species of the Trimmu barrage were the common pochard, little grebe, common coot, cattle egret, gadwall, little egret, red-wattled lapwing, and common teal. On the other hand, the Indian roller, common quail, cattle egret, common myna, and Indian kite were found to be the most common species in the Thal desert. The most notable feature of the present study is the identification of Xenus cinereus (Terek sandpiper) and Ammomanes phoenicura (rufous-tailed lark) in district Jhang as both species had no previous record in the study area. The Trimmu barrage was the more diverse and abundant site compared to the Thal desert as it provides both terrestrial and aquatic habitats for birds. The study determined that more varieties in the habitat and thermal changes affect the diversity, abundance, and distribution of birds.

Respiratory Infection by Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana in a Population of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia)—A Potential Case of Zoo–Wildlife Cross-Transmission

A population of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) under professional care at Zoomarine Portugal presented with sudden respiratory clinical signs. Clinical management included a thorough diagnosis plan, including in-house fecal analysis that revealed the presence of ovoid unioperculate eggs. In the postmortem examination of one hyperacute dyspneic specimen, adult nematode parasites were collected and identified based on their morphology as Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana. Even after a broad-spectrum deworming protocol as part of the treatment and metaphylaxis approach, the incidence of parasitic reinfection was high. The complete clinical resolution was only accomplished after the identification and management of the possible focus of infection, a wild population of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) that frequently congregated above the owls’ habitat. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report of infection by Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana in burrowing owls. Although nematodes of the family Syngamidae are not commonly included in the differential diagnosis of infectious respiratory agents of birds of the order Strigiformes, this report highlights the possibility of opportunistic parasitism in a zoological context, especially where there is a continued proximity to free-ranging avifauna.

Roosting Behavior of Waterbirds at Ruhuna University Premises in Sri Lanka

Communal roosting is a habit of many waterbirds. Although it is a common behavioural pattern, only a few documentary records are available in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the roosting behaviour of waterbirds at Ruhuna University Premises, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021 covering 20 field visits. During field visits, the abundance of waterbirds, their arrival time, intra-species, and inter-species interactions were observed. The responses of roosting waterbirds to human disturbances and occasional visitors to roosting sites were also recorded. The waterbirds roosted on a single Sonneratia caseolaris tree, located at the waterbody closer to the bank. Eleven species of waterbirds were identified, and the Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) were prominent (93%). The diversity and species abundance gradually increased during the study period. The highest species richness (11) and diversity (H- 0.8832) were recorded in February. The roosting behavior of birds has been altered by human disturbances. The waterbirds co-existed on the roosting site with inter- and intra-species associations while maintaining hierarchical levels (different height levels of the tree). Sixteen species of occasional visitors were recorded, and they left the site with the arrival of regular waterbirds.

NON-INVASIVE BIO-MONITORING INVESTIGATION OF TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN REMIGES (FLIGHT), CONTOURS (BODY), AND RECTRICES (TAIL) FEATHERS IN BUBULCUS IBIS (CATTLE EGRETS)

The constant usage of trace elements in the environment can elucidate harmful health effects on sensitive species i.e. Birds residing on higher trophic levels. The current study is to investigate and compare toxic trace elements. accumulation patterns. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, As, and Hg in Remiges (Primaries, Secondaries, Tertiaries), Contours (body), and Rectrices (tail) feathers of Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egret) sampled from Lahore, Pakistan. Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr were detected with variable concentration levels; Hg and As were not detected in the study. The general trend is Pb>Cd>Cu>Cr trend among the Remiges, Contours, and Rectrices of Bubulcus ibis. Primaries Flight feathers showed the highest concentrations of Pb, followed by Cd, the minimum (min-max) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr at 0.49(0.48-0.55), 0.23(0.07-0.43), 0.13(0.12- 0.14), 0.07(0.03-0.21), were observed in Contour, Tertiaries, Tertiaries, and Primaries feathers respectively. The values of elements were found non-significant (all P>0.05) in different feather types of Cattle Egrets, reflecting their similar distribution. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based on co-relation matrices also depicted the homogenous distribution of toxic trace elements among different feather types. Compared to previous studies from or near to study site, the current study depicts a relatively lower level of toxic trace metals, which are unanimously distributed among different feather types of cattle egret. However, their environmental presence has significant health consequences for Pakistan's already diminishing avifauna.

Spatial, temporal and trophic resource partitioning among the four egret species (Aves: Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) in a tropical wetland ecosystem, India

The diversity of micro-habitats in tropical wetlands allows the coexistence of several species. These sympatric species interact with each other, either directly or indirectly, to optimally use the available resources. They achieve this through niche separation or minimal overlap to avoid competition. India’s wetland ecosystems are home to various sympatric species, such as the Great Egret Ardea alba (GE), Median Egret Ardea intermedia (IE), Little Egret Egretta garzetta (LE) and Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (CE). These egret species are closely related, and as a result, have similar niche requirements, which could lead to high intra-specific competition. However, there have been few studies on how these species utilize resources. This study aims to understand the possible mechanisms that enable the coexistence of these species in a tropical wetland. We have examined habitat characteristics, feeding behaviour, timings of seasonal and daily activities, and spacing patterns to evaluate possible models of species coexistence. We discovered that these four sympatric egret species have differences in microhabitat selection, activity patterns, both daily and seasonally, and feeding preferences. The study further indicates that there is a relationship between the niche dimensions, but it is only partially dependent on each other.

Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza.

Water birds play a crucial role in disseminating and amplifying avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environment. However, they may have limited interactions with domestic facilities, raising the hypothesis that other wild birds may play the bridging role in introducing AIVs into poultry. An ornithocoenosis study, based on census-transect and camera-trapping methods, was conducted in 2019 in ten poultry premises in northeast Italy to characterize the bird communities and envisage the species that might act as bridge hosts for AIVs. The data collected were explored through a series of multivariate analyses (correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and biodiversity indices (observed and estimated richness, Shannon entropy and Pielou's evenness). The analyses revealed a high level of complexity in the ornithic population, with 147 censused species, and significant qualitative and quantitative differences in wild bird species composition, both in space and in time. Among these, only a few were observed in close proximity to the farm premises (i.e., Magpies, Blackbirds, Cattle Egrets, Pheasants, Eurasian Collared Doves, and Wood Pigeons), thus suggesting their potential role in spilling over AIVs to poultry; contrarily, waterfowls appeared to be scarcely inclined to close visits, especially during autumn and winter seasons. These findings stress the importance of ongoing research on the wild-domestic bird interface, advocating for a wider range of species to be considered in AIVs surveillance and prevention programs.

The phylogenetic position and analysis of Renicola and Apharyngostrigea species isolated from Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is one of the most well-known herons in Egypt. It is called the friend of the farmer because it benefits farmers and helps them get rid of insects and worms. It acts as a reservoir for many diseases. Few researchers have discussed the significance of parasitic diseases that affect this wild bird and may lead to mortalities among the population especially the importance of vital organs such as kidneys. Therefore, this study aimed to spotlight parasitic infection-affected herons in Egypt and consider the risks to this beneficial bird. During this study, 23 Bubulcus ibis were captured after their death from Abou Rewash Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the period from February to September (2022). Renicola species (spp.) and Apharyngostrigea spp. are two important digenean parasites that were recovered from the kidneys, and small intestine of the heron Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) with an infection rate of (17.2%) and (11.8%) respectively. Histopathological techniques were used to assess tissue alterations while light microscopy and molecular assays were used to assess the parasites. The parasites’ morphological and morphometrical characteristics, as well as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing assays (mitochondrial sections), were investigated for the first time in Egypt. These parasites were given in-depth illustrations and drawings. The distinctive qualities of the two species were discussed. As the first record from Egypt, the nucleotide sequences discovered in this work have been uploaded into the GenBank database (accession numbers: OR021986 and OQ955829). Microscopically, the renal blood vessels had vasculitis, necrosis, and other degenerative alterations. Further research analyzing the health of various heron spp. and environmental deterioration can help to close information gaps about the interactions between parasites, their hosts, and environmental health.