Catostomid Fishes Research Articles

The Morphology and Description of Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 (Cestode: Caryophyllidae) from Catostomid Fishes in Lakes and Rivers of Wisconsin, with Morphological Observations

Thirteen species in 8 genera of caryophyllid cestodes including Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 were found in Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), Cyprinus carpio (Raf.), and Erimyzon sucetta (Lacépède) in 2 lakes and 2 streams in SE Wisconsin and/or SW Lake Michigan. The morphology of the Wisconsin populations of G. catostomi is revisited using light microscopy revealing new features of the scolex and reproductive organs. The development of scolex and some reproductive structures were observed in maturing specimens. We describe new specimens and provide a comparative morphometric data with other earlier descriptions by Cooper, Hunter, and Mackiewicz. Our specimens were largest compared to those examined by other observers and many structures were correspondingly larger. The status of the genus Glaridacris was discussed in terms of most recent taxonomy and its evolutionary relationships.

A Morphological Study and Description of Biacetabulum biloculoides Mackiewicz and Mccrae, 1965 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidae) From Catostomid Fishes in Lakes and Rivers of Wisconsin, With Special Notes on Concurrent Infections

Thirteen species in 8 genera of caryophyllid cestodes including Biacetabulum biloculoides Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1965 were found in Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), Cyprinus carpio (Raf.), and Erimyzon sucetta (Lacépède) in 2 lakes and 2 rivers in SE Wisconsin and/or SW Lake Michigan. The morphology of the Wisconsin populations of B. biloculoides is revisited and missing information from the original description and ours were completed and all measurements compared. The posterior movement of Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936 and the anterior movement of B. biloculoides and Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 in concurrent infections of the intestine of C. commersoni were discussed as a clear case of competitive exclusion. Light microscopy revealed new features especially of the scolex and reproductive structures.

Redescription of ‘Amyzon’ brevipinne and remarks on North American Eocene catostomids (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae)

The Eocene catostomid fish (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) from the Allenby Formation, British Columbia, Canada, is reviewed and revised based on recently collected specimens. The fish was originally recognized as a catostomid by Cope in 1893 and described as Amyzon brevipinne. Wilson comprehensively redescribed the species in 1977 based on a large collection. More specimens collected recently brought to light the need for a systematic revision of this species, different from all known Amyzon species in having a narrow frontal bone with elongated orbital notch, shallow and slender infraorbital series, broad opercle, and short and slender rib 4. It differs from the type species Amyzon mentale in having a shorter posteroventral process of the dentary and fewer dorsal fin rays. Given the differences from all known Eocene catostomid species, Amyzon brevipinne is herein assigned to a new genus as Wilsonium brevipinne. Phylogenetically, this species is resolved as the most basal taxon of Catostomidae. The small-sized fluvial specimens of Wilsonium brevipinne represent the first recognized dwarf catostomid species in the fossil record (maximum standard length ∼ 84 mm). It is also worth noting that Wilsonium gen. nov. differs from all known catostomids in the elongated orbital notch, shallow and slender infraorbital series and non-robust rib 4. These features are seen in some loaches and gyrinchelids. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A185883A-68FC-4A7F-A103-889EE22ED134

Species Composition and Hybridization among Native and Nonnative Catostomid Fishes in Two Streams of the Gunnison River Basin, Colorado

We report results from a 3-year field investigation to limit hybridization between native and nonnative suckers in 2 small tributaries of the Gunnison River basin, Delta County, Colorado. Upstream movement to spawning habitat was selectively impeded by picket weir in intermittent Cottonwood Creek. There, native suckers were identified based on morphological characters in the field and were transferred upstream of the weir, whereas nonnative fishes were excluded from upstream movement. Another stream, Potter Creek, was not impeded by weir. Genetic identification of adult fishes in both streams was consistent with morphological identification in the field. Larval genetic identification was consistent with probable spawning species in Potter Creek. However, in Cottonwood Creek, larval fish proportions differed significantly from likely spawners. Proportions of nonnative suckers were high in Cottonwood Creek because exclusion structures were compromised by flooding during the spawning season. Yet, instream control of spawning by nonnative fishes has potential for reducing the incidence of hybridization, but practical challenges remain for implementation in the field.

New Data on Myxobolus enoblei (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae): A Parasite of Smallmouth Buffalo Ictiobus bubalus (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae)

Myxobolus enoblei has previously been reported from the gills of smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus, although to date no supplemental molecular data are available. As such, identification is based solely on morphological characters, which can be ambiguous. Herein we supplement detailed morphological analysis with molecular data (18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence). Myxospores were spherical (measurements in micrometers and presented as mean ± SD followed by range in parentheses), 14.2 ± 0.5 (13.4–15.0) in length, 12.1 ± 0.5 (11.3–13.0) in width, and 7.3 ± 0.4 (6.8–8.0) thick. There were 2 pyriform polar capsules, 7.6 ± 0.3 (7.0–8.0) in length and 4.1 ± 0.2 (3.6–4.6) in width with 6–7 turns in the coiled polar filament. When compared to other Myxobolus spp. from catostomid fish, the morphological characters of the isolate were consistent with Myxobolus enoblei, originally characterized from the gills of smallmouth buffalo from Illinois, U.S.A. A BLASTn search of the 18S rRNA gene resulted in no identical matches to any available sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's GenBank. Phylogenetic assessment placed M. enoblei within a clade containing other myxozoans of catostomid fish in North America, supporting previous research that suggests that host family can be a strong phylogenetic signal for myxozoans. Moving forward, these sequence data will offer confirmatory diagnosis to supplement comparisons to morphologically similar myxozoan species from similar hosts in addition to providing data for use in future studies attempting to identify the actinospore stage and definitive oligochaete host.

Occurrence of Two Non-indigenous Catostomid Fishes in the New River, Virginia

Two catostomid fishes, Carpiodes cyprinus (Quillback) and Moxostoma collapsum (Notchlip Redhorse), were recently discovered in the New River watershed (Ohio River basin) in Virginia. The New River fish fauna is naturally depauperate relative to surrounding watersheds, and it has been altered substantially due to non-indigenous species introductions. Notchlip Redhorse and Quillback are established in Claytor Lake and are dispersing into novel reaches of the mainstem New River. We suspect that these species became established following bait-bucket introductions or incidentally during game-fish stockings. Public education, policy changes, and stricter hatchery procedures are needed to minimize such occurrences of non-indigenous species introductions.

Evaluation of Snail Consumption by Black Buffalo

AbstractBolbophorous damnificus is a digenetic trematode that causes economic loss for commercial catfish producers by decreasing adult growth rates and increasing mortality in juvenile catfish Ictalurus spp. Efforts to control B. damnificus mainly center around control of an intermediate host, the Ram's Horn Snail Planorbella trivolvis. Black Buffalo Ictiobus niger is a catostomid fish species documented to consume mollusks and, therefore, is a potential control option; however, gastropod consumption by this species has not been documented. Thus, experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate Ram's Horn Snail consumption by Black Buffalo at juvenile and adult life stages and (2) determine whether juvenile Black Buffalo are able to consume sizes of snails typically found in catfish ponds. Nine wild‐caught adult Black Buffalo and 56 captively reared juveniles (age 1) were used in this study. No snails were consumed in adult or juvenile experiments, thus suggesting Black Buffalo do not have the capacity to reduce incidence of B. damnificus through direct consumption of Ram's Horn Snails.

A New Classification of Glaridacris Cooper, 1920 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), Parasites of Suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, Including Erection of Pseudoglaridacris N. Gen.

A taxonomic study of monozoic cestodes of the genus Glaridacris Cooper, 1920 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid fishes in North America, confirmed artificial character of the genus which is split to 2 different, morphologically distinct, and not closely related genera. Glaridacris is newly circumscribed to include only 3 species, Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 (type species), Glaridacris terebrans ( Linton, 1893 ), and Glaridacris vogei Mackiewicz, 1976 , which are characterized by an elongate body, a cuneiloculate or wedge-shaped scolex with 6 shallow loculi, male and female gonopores at a distance from each other, follicular ovary, and circum-medullary vitelline follicles (lateral and median). A new genus, Pseudoglaridacris n. gen., is proposed to accommodate 3 species characterized by a shorter body, a bothrioloculodiscate scolex with a pair of deeper median bothria and 2 shallower loculi, male and female gonopores close together, non-follicular ovary, and with only lateral vitelline follicles. The species are: Pseudoglaridacris laruei ( Lamont, 1921 ) n. comb. (type species), Pseudoglaridacris confusa (Hunter, 1929) n. comb., and Pseudoglaridacris oligorchis ( Haderlie, 1953 ) n. comb. An annotated list of all species of both genera, with data on their hosts and distribution and keys to their identification, is provided.

Evaluation of Key Taxonomic Characters DistinguishingGlaridacris confususandGlaridacris laruei(Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae)

A large collection of caryophyllaeid tapeworms from catostomid fishes in eastern Texas, U.S.A. was utilized to evaluate the reliability of key morphological features that putatively distinguish between Glaridacris confusus and Glaridacris laruei. The number of testes, anterior extent of the testicular and vitelline fields, shape of the postovarian vitelline follicles, spatial relationship between the postovarian vitelline follicles and the ovary, postgonopore distance, and dimensions of the testes were all examined to determine if they correlated, as suggested in published dichotomous keys. No character was unambiguously associated with the overall morphotype of either species, and features supposedly diagnostic of one species were associated with features supposedly diagnostic of the other. The high variability among these character associations observed in the present investigation, combined with the variability reported by past investigations, suggests that new collections will be needed to clarify the species-level diversity in Glaridacris.

Gradients in Catostomid Assemblages along a Reservoir Cascade

AbstractSerial impoundment of major rivers leads to alterations of natural flow dynamics and disrupts longitudinal connectivity. Catostomid fishes (suckers, family Catostomidae) are typically found in riverine or backwater habitats yet are able to persist in impounded river systems. To the detriment of conservation, there is limited information about distribution of catostomid fishes in impounded rivers. We examined the longitudinal distribution of catostomid fishes over 23 reservoirs of the Tennessee River reservoir cascade, encompassing approximately 1600 km. Our goal was to develop a basin‐scale perspective to guide conservation efforts. Catostomid species composition and assemblage structure changed longitudinally along the reservoir cascade. Catostomid species biodiversity was greatest in reservoirs lower in the cascade. Assemblage composition shifted from dominance by spotted sucker Minytrema melanops and buffalos Ictiobus spp. in the lower reservoirs to carpsuckers Carpiodes spp. midway through the cascade and redhorses Moxostoma spp. in the upper reservoirs. Most species did not extend the length of the cascade, and some species were rare, found in low numbers and in few reservoirs. The observed gradients in catostomid assemblages suggest the need for basin‐scale conservation measures focusing on three broad areas: (1) conservation and management of the up‐lake riverine reaches of the lower reservoirs, (2) maintenance of the access to quality habitat in tributaries to the upper reservoirs and (3) reintroductions into currently unoccupied habitat within species' historic distributions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sex Difference in PCB Concentrations of a Catostomid Fish

Unraveling the complexities associated with the relative differences in contaminant concentrations between the sexes of mature fish may provide insights into important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes of not just fish but higher vertebrates as well. Whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined in 25 mature female white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) and 26 mature male white suckers caught during their spawning run in the Kewaunee River, a tributary to Lake Michigan. Total length and weight were measured for each fish, and age of each fish was estimated from thin-sectioned otoliths. PCB concentration significantly increased with increasing total length, weight, and age. Consequently, three analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were fitted to the data to assess the effect of sex on white sucker PCB concentration. Based on model averaging, estimates of mean PCB concentrations in female and male white suckers were 185 and 219 ng/g, respectively. Thus, males were 18% greater in PCB concentration than females. We conclude that this difference between the sexes was most likely mainly driven by a higher rate of energy expenditure in males compared with females. Greater energy expenditure, owing to greater swimming activity and a higher resting metabolic rate, resulted in a higher rate of food consumption, which in turn led to a greater rate of PCB accumulation. Higher whole-fish PCB concentration in males compared with females has now been shown in nine different fish species. Our study represented the first documentation of this type of sex difference in a catostomid fish.

Introgressive Hybridization and the Evolution of Lake-Adapted Catostomid Fishes.

Hybridization has been identified as a significant factor in the evolution of plants as groups of interbreeding species retain their phenotypic integrity despite gene exchange among forms. Recent studies have identified similar interactions in animals; however, the role of hybridization in the evolution of animals has been contested. Here we examine patterns of gene flow among four species of catostomid fishes from the Klamath and Rogue rivers using molecular and morphological traits. Catostomus rimiculus from the Rogue and Klamath basins represent a monophyletic group for nuclear and morphological traits; however, the Klamath form shares mtDNA lineages with other Klamath Basin species (C. snyderi, Chasmistes brevirostris, Deltistes luxatus). Within other Klamath Basin taxa, D. luxatus was largely fixed for alternate nuclear alleles relative to C. rimiculus, while Ch. brevirostris and C. snyderi exhibited a mixture of these alleles. Deltistes luxatus was the only Klamath Basin species that exhibited consistent covariation of nuclear and mitochondrial traits and was the primary source of mismatched mtDNA in Ch. brevirostris and C. snyderi, suggesting asymmetrical introgression into the latter species. In Upper Klamath Lake, D. luxatus spawning was more likely to overlap spatially and temporally with C. snyderi and Ch. brevirostris than either of those two with each other. The latter two species could not be distinguished with any molecular markers but were morphologically diagnosable in Upper Klamath Lake, where they were largely spatially and temporally segregated during spawning. We examine parallel evolution and syngameon hypotheses and conclude that observed patterns are most easily explained by introgressive hybridization among Klamath Basin catostomids.

Otolith Annulus Formation and Growth of Two Redhorse Suckers (Moxostoma: Catastomidae)

Otoliths (lapilli) were used to age two catostomid fishes, black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei) and golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum), from three White River and one Arkansas River tributary in southwest Missouri. Populations in the James River (White River system) were sampled monthly for one year, and edge analysis was used to determine timing of otolith annulus formation. Both species formed a single opaque annulus in otoliths during May and June. Maximum ages estimated from otolith annulus counts were 11 years for black redhorse and 12 years for golden redhorse. Age classes 2 and 3 dominated populations for both species. Fish length at age was modeled with von Bertalanffy growth models; parameters were k = 0.39 and L∞ = 385 for black redhorse and k = 0.31 and L∞ = 377 for golden redhorse in James River populations.

Ecological and phyletic significance of anal fin between cyprinids and catostomid fish

Ecological and phyletic significance of anal fin between cyprinids and catostomid fish

Evolutionary Divergence of Duplicate Copies of the Growth Hormone Gene in Suckers (Actinopterygii: Catostomidae)

Catostomid fishes (suckers) have duplicate copies of the growth hormone gene and other nuclear genes, due to a genome duplication event early in the group’s history. Yet, paralogs of GH in suckers are more than 90% conserved in nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence. Within paralogs across species, variation in nt and aa sequence averages 3.33% and 4.46% for GHI, and 3.22% and 2.43% for GHII, respectively. Selection tests suggest that the two GH paralogs are under strong purifying selection. Consensus trees from phylogenetic analysis of GH coding region data for 23 species of suckers, other cypriniform fishes and outgroups resolved cypriniform relationships and relationships among GHI sequences of suckers more or less consistently with analyses based on other molecular data. However, the analysis failed to resolve all sucker GHI and GHII sequences as monophyletic sister groups. This unexpected topology did not differ significantly from topologies constrained to make all GH sequences monophyletic. We attribute this result either to limitations in our GHII data set or convergent adaptive changes in GHII of tribe Catostomini.

Phylogenetic relationships of catostomid fishes (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) based on mitochondrial ND4/ND5 gene sequences

Family Catostomidae is a diverse group of benthic freshwater fishes that are distributed across North America and in parts of East Asia. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships of Catostomidae is examined using 3436 nucleotides of mitochondrial ND4 and ND5 protein coding genes and intervening tRNAs. All 13 genera and 60 species of catostomids were sampled to represent diversity of the family. Catostomidae and its four subfamilies were found to be monophyletic; however, relationships of the subfamilies are not strongly supported with bootstrapping. The analysis provides strong support for recognizing four tribes in subfamily Catostominae.

Erratum

Journal of Fish BiologyVolume 72, Issue 5 p. 1244-1244 Free Access Erratum This article corrects the following: The genetic variation and biogeography of catostomid fishes based on mitochondrial and nucleic DNA sequences Y. H. Sun, C. X. Xie, W. M. Wang, S. Y. Liu, T. Treer, M. M. Chang, Volume 70Issue scJournal of Fish Biology pages: 291-309 First Published online: May 23, 2007 First published: 27 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01887.xAboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat In Journal of Fish Biology Volume 70, Supplement c, the wrong corresponding author was indicated The footnote on page 291: Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +86 027 62320625; fax: +86 027 87282114; email: yhsun67@sina.com should read: S.Y. Liu*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +1 706 410 5151; email: syliu20042005@yahoo.com Reference Sun, Y. H., Xie, C. X., Wang, W. M., Liu, S. Y., Treer, T. & Chang, M. M. (2007). The genetic variation and biogeography of catostomid fishes based on mitochondrial and nucleic DNA sequences. Journal of Fish Biology 70 (sc), 291– 309. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01453.x Wiley Online LibraryCASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume72, Issue5April 2008Pages 1244-1244 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on blue sucker populations in the upper Missouri River (Cycleptus elongatus Lesueur, 1918)

The blue sucker, Cycleptus elongatus, is a large catostomid fish that occurs in main stem rivers throughout the Mississippi basin of North America. Although not federally listed as threatened or endangered, populations are not considered stable in any of 21 states where they occur. Included in the range is the Missouri River, which flows more than 3,200 km from Montana to St. Louis, Missouri. Historically, C. elongatus was distributed con- tinuously throughout the main stem Missouri and its major tributaries, but from 1952 to 1963, six major impound- ments were constructed on the upper Missouri by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The resulting reservoirs have inundated and fragmented large riverine habitat from Yankton, South Dakota to the headwaters. C. elongatus still occurs in remnant stretches between reservoirs; how- ever, little is known of the impacts of the dams on these populations. In order to test for such effects, 231 individ- uals from nine sites were genotyped at 14 variable microsatellite loci. An additional 142 individuals from six sites in the Mississippi River were also genotyped for comparative purposes. In the Missouri, allelic richness was reduced in inter-reservoir sites relative to those in the free flowing lower river. In addition, significant isolation by distance occurs in the Missouri, a pattern not present in the unimpounded Mississippi. These results are consistent with reduced intradrainage gene flow in the Missouri River and are the first to indicate effects of impoundments on genetic structure in the system. This information will assist gov- erning agencies in making informed decisions regarding conservation of C. elongatus in the Missouri River drain- age and throughout the range.

Catostomid Fishes of the Wateree River, South Carolina

Fish surveys throughout the Wateree River in 2004–2005 documented the presence of 8 catostomid species—Carpiodes sp. cf. Cyprinus (quillback), Erimyzon oblongus (creek chubsucker), Ictiobus bubalus (smallmouth buffalo), Minytrema melanops (spotted sucker), Moxostoma collapsum (notchlip redhorse), M. macrolepidotum (shorthead redhorse), Scartomyzon rupiscartes (striped jumprock), and Scartomyzon sp. undescribed species (brassy jumprock)—but failed to document C. sp. cf. velifer (highfin carpsucker), Moxostoma sp. cf. Erythrurum (Carolina redhorse), or M. robustum (robust redhorse). Four native (quillback, spotted sucker, notchlip redhorse, and shorthead redhorse) and the nonnative small-mouth buffalo were collected in sufficient numbers to allow observations of unique aggregations. Based on time of year, expression of milt, presence of tubercles, and published thermal preferenda during spawning, we believe these aggregations were associated with spawning, although direct observations of spawning behavior were not made. Spotted suckers used Piedmont and transitional-zone habitats early in the year and also aggregated in larger numbers in the mouths of blackwater Coastal Plain tributaries. Low catches of spotted sucker in riffle habitat in the Wateree River at temperatures exceeding 14 °C appears anomalous and merits further investigation. All other suckers were collected predominantly in areas of gravel, cobble, and bedrock in the Piedmont and transitional zone; aggregations of quillback, shorthead redhorse, and then notchlip redhorse successively followed high spotted sucker catches. The nonnative smallmouth buffalo appeared to use these same habitats during the entire time when quillback, shorthead redhorse, and notchlip redhorse were present, although smallmouth buffalo were collected at low catch rates. The elevated temperatures at which notchlip redhorse aggregated appeared anomalous and merits further investigation.

The genetic variation and biogeography of catostomid fishes based on mitochondrial and nucleic DNA sequences

The genetic variation, phylogeny and biogeography of catostomid fishes were investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear 18S‐ITS1‐5.8S DNA sequences. The pair‐wise genetic distance of cytochrome b for 17 catostomids varied considerably, from 1·00% (Chasmistes brevirostris and Deltistes luxatus) to 23·3% (Cycleptus elongatus and Moxostoma anisurum). The size of the 18S‐ITS1‐5.8S sequence ranged from 315 bp (Moxostoma robustum) to 575 bp (Ictiobus cyprinellus). The 18S‐5.8S region was conservative and the length of ITS1 regions was found to vary considerably among the seven catostomids. It is interesting that the primitive I. cyprinellus and Myxocyprinus asiaticus had longer ITS1 regions than suckers from the Catostominae. Based on the nucleotide substitution model, the nuclear 18S‐5.8S gene had a faster evolution rate than the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. In a phylogenetic analysis, 17 catostomids from 14 genera representing three subfamilies were not distinctly divergent. Nevertheless, three major genetically divergent clades were identified. Clade I (95% bootstrap) included general Catostomus, Thoburnia, Xyrauchen, Chasmistes and Deltistes. Clade II (94% bootstrap) included Hypentelium, Moxostoma and Scartomyzon. Clade III (77% bootstrap) was a monophyletic Ictiobinae containing I. cyprinellus and Carpiodes carpio. The biogeography of old world catostomids followed a disperse event, and the speciation of the extant catostomids was a vicariance event. The earliest catostomid evolved in Asia from one branch of ostariophysans in the early Tertiary. Before the Eocene, catostomids belonging to the genus Amyzon had a wide, trans‐Pacific distribution over Asia and North America. Later, oceanic ingression and the Tertiary glacial event forced catostomids to evolve on both mainlands, respectively. The present disjunct distribution pattern of catostomids was presumably due to competitive pressure from cyprinids, geographical events, their Late Cenozoic radiation in North America and glacial events. The divergence time based on the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggests that catostomids began to diverge in the early or mid‐Miocene, which agrees with the fossil evidence.