Catfish Ponds Research Articles

Optimizing Catfish Farming Through IoT-Driven Water Quality Management

General Background: Catfish play a significant role in the global fishing industry, necessitating effective farming practices to enhance productivity and sustainability. Specific Background: However, challenges such as maintaining optimal water quality in aquaculture ponds, particularly concerning ammonia levels and temperature fluctuations, pose threats to catfish health and production efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has often focused on single-parameter monitoring, lacking comprehensive systems that integrate real-time data for both ammonia and temperature management. Aims: This study aims to develop an advanced Internet of Things (IoT) system for real-time monitoring and control of ammonia levels and water temperature in catfish ponds, facilitating optimal farming conditions. Results: The implemented system utilizes two sensors to measure ammonia and temperature, integrated with the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring. The findings indicate that when water temperature exceeds 26 °C, the water pump activates to regulate temperature, while ammonia levels above 5 NH3 trigger the aerator to enhance oxygen levels and reduce ammonia toxicity. Novelty: This research innovatively combines multiple sensors and modern IoT applications, offering a more robust solution for aquaculture management compared to previous studies. Implications: The monitoring system effectively maintains water quality, enhancing catfish farming sustainability and efficiency, emphasizing the need for technology integration in aquaculture to effectively tackle environmental challenges. Highlights: Real-time Monitoring: Continuous tracking of ammonia and temperature levels. Automated Control: Activates pumps and aerators based on set thresholds. Enhanced Sustainability: Supports healthier catfish and optimizes production efficiency. Keywords: Catfish Farming, IoT, Water Quality Monitoring, Ammonia Control, Temperature Management

Fish production, water quality, and the role of nitrification as an ammonia removal process in intensively aerated hybrid catfish ponds

AbstractSix 0.1‐ha earthen ponds with 45 kW/ha of aeration capacity were stocked with hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus) ranging from 15,000 to 90,000 fish ha−1 in 15,000 fish ha−1 increments to analyze the effect of nitrogen loading on ammonia accumulation and fish production. Minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was maintained above 3.0 mg O2 L−1 to prevent hypoxia‐induced appetite reduction. Stocking density did not impact survival but decreased average fish harvest weight and increased food conversion ratio (FCR). Gross production increased with stocking density and ranged from 7249 to 35,674 kg ha−1. Average total (TAN) and un‐ionized ammonia (NH3) were not different among stocking densities despite greater nitrogen inputs in ponds with higher feeding rates. Nitrite () and nitrate () concentrations were significantly higher in ponds with higher stocking densities, suggesting that nitrification increased with nitrogen loading. Phytoplankton assimilation of ammonia is the primary ammonia removal process in traditional catfish ponds with modest fish densities and feeding rates. However, in intensively aerated ponds with high feeding rates, nitrification can become an important process for ammonia removal. These data indicate that small earthen hybrid catfish ponds with high aeration capacities can increase catfish production without ammonia accumulating.

Bacteriological assessment of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

Bacteriological assessment of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

Utilizing sludge from catfish farming to produce vermicompost for improving soil quality

Abstract Earthworm organic waste is processed into vermicompost, which is of varying quality depending on the substrate. In vermicomposting, earthworms can promote nitrogen mineralization and effect nitrification. A challenging-to-absorb nutrient will be converted into a nutrient that plants can easily absorb to improve nutrients in soil and increase crop production. In this study, an experimental model of organic fertilizer production from catfish pond bottom sludge was implemented. Sludge from the bottom of catfish ponds is composted with water hyacinth in aquatic ponds to produce organic fertilizer, mature fertilizer is used as a substrate for vermicomposting. The impact of vermicompost on plant growth parameters was evaluated through its use to improve nutrients in soil. Sludge, compost, vermicompost, and soil quality were also evaluated for their physical and chemical properties. Results show that the growth coefficient of earthworms is 129.3±1.15% per 30 days, and the average amount of organic fertilizer created is 126±3.51 kg per 30 days. The quality parameters of vermicompost all meet national standards for organic fertilizer quality. The moisture and total organic matter content in mature fertilizer are 31% and 21.9%, respectively. The content of nutrients N and P increased compared to input materials, the corresponding values reached 2.84% and 0.96%. The C/N ratio is 7.7, microbiological and heavy metal indicators are within the accepted limits. In the experiment using vermicompost to cultivate Brassica rapa chinensis, the yield growth rate was the highest. After 21 days of planting, the growth rate is fast and the height reaches 25.0±0.38 cm. The biochemical composition ensures safety according to food regulations for leafy vegetables. Vermicomposting is recommended as a sustainable and suitable technique for catfish pond sludge utilizing.

Fish-NET: Advancing Aquaculture Management through AI-Enhanced Fish Monitoring and Tracking

This study seeks to enhance aquaculture and fishery management using artificial intelligence, focusing on Nigerian catfish farming. The methodology encompasses a sequence of steps from data collection to validation. A dataset, primarily composed of aerial imagery from catfish ponds and supplemented with additional data from the internet, formed the foundation of this research. By leveraging computer vision and deep learning techniques, the data were processed to assess the potential of the three distinct cutting-edge object detection models. Based on various evaluation metrics to gauge their effectiveness in fish detection tasks, the Faster R-CNN emerged as the optimal model, boasting a superior balance of precision and recall. This model was subsequently integrated with an object-tracking model and deployed as an application, yielding promising results in terms of fish detection and tracking. The findings in this study suggest that AI-driven tools can automate monitoring processes, significantly increasing accuracy and efficiency in resource utilization.

Optimizing nutrient utilization, hydraulic loading rate, and feed conversion ratios through freshwater IMTA-aquaponic and hydroponic systems as an environmentally sustainable aquaculture concept

Water quality in land-based fish production can be controlled through either instantaneous water exchange or costly wastewater treatment followed by recirculation. Agricultural-aquaculture integration is an excellent alternative technique for reducing nutrient discharge levels, boosting profitability, and converting fish culture wastewater into valuable products. The current study employed a solar energy system to power two separate IMTA-aquaponics systems (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT, and Floating Raft Systems, FRS) for the cultivation of Nile tilapia, African catfish, thin-lipped grey mullet, freshwater crayfish, freshwater mussels, and a variety of vegetables. Tilapia and catfish were fed exclusively on diets under the IMTA system. All wastewater from tilapia and catfish ponds, both dissolved and solid, flows sequentially to ponds containing other cultivated species. The water then flows through the IMTA system's terminal point to the NFT and FRS systems before returning to the tilapia and catfish ponds, allowing complete control of the nutrient flow throughout this entire circular system. Two 147-day production cycles were concluded. The results from the second production cycle are reported. Total biomass gain for aquatic species in the IMTA system was 736.46 kg, compared to 145.49 kg in the tilapia and 271.01 kg in the catfish monoculture systems. The current IMTA system had a cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.90, while the FCRs for tilapia and catfish were 1.28 and 1.42, respectively. Nile tilapia and catfish consumed 571.90 kg of feed containing 25.70 kg of nitrogen (N) and 9.70 kg of phosphorus (P), reflecting, and gaining 11.41 and 3.93 kg of dietary N and P, representing 44.40 and 40.46% dietary N and P retention, respectively. In the IMTA system, the addition of mullet and prawn as detrivores aquatic animals improves dietary N and P utilization efficiency to 59.06 and 51.19%, respectively, while the addition of mussels as herbivore animals improves dietary N and P utilization efficiency to 65.61 and 54.67%, respectively. Finally, using FRS and NFT as hydroponic systems increased dietary N and P efficiency to 83.51% N and 96.82% P, respectively. This study shows that the IMTA-Aquaponic system, as a bio-integrated food production system, can convert the majority of fish-fed residues into valuable products suitable for desert, rural, and urban areas in impoverished and developing countries.

PILAT (FRESHWATER CATFISH FARMING) IN AN EFFORT TO OPTIMIZE FACILITIES AND IMPROVE THE ECONOMY AT NURUL AMANAH BOARDING SCHOOL

Background: Nurul Amanah Islamic boarding school has adequate catfish production facilities, including 12 biofloc catfish ponds, plenty of water, seed and feed wholesalers near the pesantren, and fish collectors ready to sell the catfish harvest. The facilities are still not being used properly. Objective: To establish the economic potential of catfish culture, as well as how to manage and spawn catfish in order to carry out catfish cultivation sustainably. Method: Education is provided by presenting maintenance procedures, feed management that uses maggots as feed support, and proper spawning techniques that identify catfish gonads based on maturity level. The practice of catfish cultivation is carried out by forming the organizational structure of the catfish cultivation board, as well as a rotating picket schedule, the practice of spawning mature catfish by separating them in a concrete pool and giving fibers as a place for catfish to lay eggs later, and after laying eggs within 24 hours, the fibers are taken and separated from the mother to avoid the mother eating eggs. The next practice is to feed catfish on a regular basis in the morning and evening, using maggot as a mixture. Results: The training of freshwater catfish cultivation, it can re-optimize the function of the facilities that are already available. Conclusion: The initiative has been effectively implemented at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Amanah.

Analysis of Kale Vegetable Production (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) in Catfish Pond Water Media Using Floating Net Aquaponics Technology

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) is a horticultural plant that looks like broccoli and cabbage, but its leaves are headless. This study aims to analyze the production of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) vegetables in catfish pond water media using floating net aquaponics technology, focusing on the impact of various doses of organic fertilizer on plant growth. The method used was the analysis of variance, and if a significant difference were found, Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level would be applied further. The results showed that various doses of organic fertilizer did not produce significant differences in plant height, although higher doses tended to increase. However, applying organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of kale plant leaves, with a dose of 100 ml/L producing the highest number of leaves compared to the control. This indicates that organic fertilizer effectively supports kale plants' vegetative growth. On the other hand, the treatment using AB Mix and catfish ponds as media did not show significant differences in the fresh weight of kale plants at various observation periods. Variations in plant wet weight were not statistically different enough to affect the study's conclusions. These findings indicate that although organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of leaves, aquaponic media with AB Mix and catfish ponds did not significantly affect plant wet weight.

Hypothalamic transcriptome response to simulated diel earthen pond hypoxia cycles in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Commercial culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) occurs in earthen ponds that are characterized by diel swings in dissolved oxygen concentration that can fall to severe levels of hypoxia, which can suppress appetite and lead to suboptimal growth. Given the significance of the hypothalamus in regulating these processes in other fishes, an investigation into the hypothalamus transcriptome was conducted to identify specific genes and expression patterns responding to hypoxia. Channel catfish in normoxic water were compared with catfish subjected to 12 h of hypoxia (20% oxygen saturation; 1.8 mg O2/L; 27°C) followed by 12 h of recovery in normoxia to mimic 24 h in a catfish aquaculture pond. Fish were sampled at 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-h timepoints, with the 6- and 12-h samplings occurring during hypoxia. A total of 190 genes were differentially expressed during the experiment, with most occurring during hypoxia and returning to baseline values within 6 h of normoxia. Differentially expressed genes were sorted by function into Gene Ontology biological processes and revealed that most were categorized as "response to hypoxia," "sprouting angiogenesis," and "cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus." The patterns of gene expression reported here suggest that transcriptome responses to hypoxia are broad and quickly reversibly with the onset of normoxia. Although no genes commonly reported to modulate appetite were found to be differentially expressed in this experiment, several candidates were identified for future studies investigating the interplay between hypoxia and appetite in channel catfish, including adm, igfbp1a, igfbp7, and stc2b.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Channel catfish are an economically important species that experience diel episodic periods of hypoxia that can reduce appetite. This is the first study to investigate their transcriptome from the hypothalamus in a simulated 24-h span in a commercial catfish pond, with 12 h of hypoxia and 12 h of normoxia. The research revealed functional groups of genes relating to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and glycolysis as well as individual target genes possibly involved in appetite regulation.

Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino IDE as a Smart Water Quality Control for Monitoring in Catfish Ponds

This research aims to develop a monitoring and control system for catfish pond water quality based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system uses an ESP32 microcontroller Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) connected to a SEN0131 pH sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor, and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to monitor water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, and water level. Data obtained from these sensors is stored in a real-time database that can be accessed remotely via the Blynk application. This system is also equipped with a water pump and solenoid valve that automatically controls water filling and discharge based on detected water quality parameters. The test results show that the system has an average accuracy of 99.45% and high precision with an average relative standard deviation of 0.01% in detecting water quality parameters. System operation was carried out for 27 days. The system can run continuously or non-stop. data is input in real-time to blynk, so it can be monitored and controlled from anywhere.

Study on the adsorption of nutrients in the wastewater of catfish ponds by the adsorbent system prepared from peat

Fabrication of adsorbent materials has been done by mixing peat and coal slag, the ratio of 70:30 by weight. The obtained material has a specific surface area S of 10.45 m2/g, rough surface morphology with many functional groups, with high adsorption capacity. The time to reach adsorption equilibrium is 120 minutes, COD adsorption capacity of 15.54 mg/g, N-NH4 adsorption capacity of 10.72 mg/g. The kinetic law of N-NH4 adsorption obeys the apparent second order type 2 equation. The N-NH4 adsorption isotherm obeys both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The materials are used to adsorb substances in catfish pond wastewater with the criteria of BOD5, COD, N-NO3, N-NH4, total phosphorus, and treatment efficiency from 24.95 to 88.81%.

The Applications of Mamdani Fuzzy in Water Selection of Pangas Catfish Ponds

In the field of fisheries, the selection of ponds water for Pangas catfish is very important because it affect the production and quality of fish. The purpose of this research is to apply the Mamdani fuzzy method in selecting suitable ponds water for Pangas catfish. The method used includes collecting data on water quality and environmental conditions, constructing the Mamdani fuzzy system and evaluating the results of selecting ponds water. The results of the study show that the Mamdani fuzzy method is able to provide a good solution in selecting ponds water for Pangas catfish by combining several factors such as temperature, pH and oxygen solubility. This concept can be used as a consideration in selecting the right ponds water for Pangas catfish so as to increase fish production and quality.

Bussiness Management System Of Catfish Cultivation Using Fuzzy Inference System Tsukamoto Methods

Catfish is a type of freshwater fish that is in great demand among people because it has high nutritional value. The high demand for catfish on the market is a promising business opportunity. The relatively fast maintenance period makes this cultivation much in demand. Management of a catfish farming business requires good strategy and planning so that the business process can provide optimal profits. Appropriate management practices, good planning can predict crop yields with minimal error rates. Based on past data from catfish farming businesses, catfish pond production results are influenced by several factors including pond area, number of seeds, and amount of feed. The catfish cultivation management system produces predictions of catfish harvest but ignores weather conditions, natural disasters and infectious diseases. The method used in crop yield prediction management is the Tsukamoto Fuzzy inference system. The Tsukamoto method applies monotonous reasoning and rules are built using expert knowledge, enabling the system to be able to conclude and manage predictions of catfish harvest based on data regarding pond size, number of seeds and amount of feed. System testing using 10 data shows prediction results obtained through manual calculations and system calculations, resulting in identical results. Further testing uses the white box method to ensure that the data implemented in the Tsukamoto fuzzy management system accurately produces logical decisions. Hence, it can be concluded that the management system using the Tsukamoto method is able to show effective performance in predicting harvest results based on data on pond area, number of seeds and amount of feed consumption. This management system is expected to be able to provide recommendations for catfish cultivation business planning for the community.

Deteksi Gen Resistensi Aeromonas hydrophila yang Diisolasi dari Budidaya Ikan Lele Di Jambi

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the causative agents for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in catfish. MAS treatment is generally carried out by administering antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of A. hydrophila and detect the presence of resistance genes. The samples are archived A. hydrophila isolates isolated from catfish ponds in the district of Muara Jambi, Bungo, Jambi Province, and Merangin total of 18 isolates. Testing the antibiotic resistance profile was carried out using the disk diffusion method against tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and streptomycin. The detected resistance genes were ampC, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS. The results showed A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to tetracycline (100%), oxytetracycline (94.42%), ampicillin (77.70%), and amoxicillin (77.72%) and still sensitive to ciprofloxacin (83.32%), enrofloxacin (100 %), and streptomycin (100%). The ampC gene was found in 8 out of 14 isolates resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (57.14%). The qnrA and qnrS genes were found in 3 out of 4 isolates resistant to quinolone antibiotics (75%), while qnrB was found in 1 isolate (25%). A. hydrophila isolated from catfish ponds in Jambi develops resistance to antibiotics and resistance genes found in isolates resistant to antibiotics.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat LKSA Aisyiyah Balikpapan melalui Pengembangbiakkan Ikan Lele dengan Pakan Otomatis

Catfish breeding using an automatic feeding system involves four crucial stages to achieve success in this endeavor. The first stage in this process is the survey stage, which involves a field survey by visiting the Aisyiyah Children's Social Welfare Institution (LKSA). The second stage is the tool preparation stage. This process begins with purchasing the necessary equipment based on the results of the survey that has been conducted. The third stage is the tool installation stage. This stage begins with the land preparation, including leveling the land where the catfish ponds will be installed. As a further step, bricks are used around the perimeter of the catfish pond to support the pond foundation and prevent collapse. Then, an automatic feed device was installed to support the automatic feeding system according to a predetermined schedule. The last stage is the equipment handover stage. This stage marks the completion of the installation and preparation process and signifies the start of the active phase in catfish farming using the automatic feed system. Success in the implementation of each of these stages has direct implications for the success and sustainability of the catfish farming business at LKSA Aisyiyah.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Lahan Kolam Lele sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting

Nutritional problem that still often occurs in toddlers is stunting. The prevalence of stunting in NTB was recorded at 33.5%, still above the national figure of 29.6%. Empower the community to use catfish pond land as an effort to prevent stunting. Implementation methods include preparation, implementation and evaluation. The preparation stage involved obtaining permits from institutions and the local government. The implementation stage involved providing material about using land as a catfish pond to prevent stunting to 30 heads of families. In the evaluation of activities, there was an increase in knowledge about handling stunting and how to prevent it by using catfish pond land as an effort. Conclusion: Together with the village government, the community will try to utilize the yard as a way to prevent stunting in toddlers

IoT performance analysis on water infrastructure to support optimization of catfish cultivation

In recent years, IoT has become a reliable technology in the agricultural sector to optimize cultivation results. In the Marsudi Luhur breeder group, the harvest results were not optimal because many catfish died and gave off a bad smell. According to several references, to ensure healthy growth of catfish, continuous irrigation of the pond is required even though the flow rate is low. The location of the catfish pond is quite far from residential areas so it is not practical to monitor irrigation performance by frequently visiting the pond area. Therefore, this project aims to create an IoT-based smart farming system using the Blynk application. The system has been successfully implemented to help monitor and control solenoid performance and water flow remotely. The results show that the IoT-based smart system has performed well and has the potential to increase efficiency, comfort and productivity in managing catfish ponds.

Experimental IoT System to Maintain Water Quality in Catfish Pond

Experimental IoT System to Maintain Water Quality in Catfish Pond

Mumbul Park and Lele Village: Tourism and Creative Economy Potential in Bojonegoro Regency

Kalianyar, Kalirejo and Pacul villages were three villages in the Bojonegoro Regency that have tourism and creative economy potential. Kalianyar Village had Mumbul Park tourist destination, while Kalirejo and Pacul Villages have the potential in the form of community fishponds which can become tourist destinations and producers of catfish. This Strategic Community Service Activity aimed to strengthen facilities and improve community skills in utilising their potential. These community service activities included: 1) Revitalization of Mumbul Park; 2) Training on making souvenirs; 3) Improvement of fish pond and foodstalls facilities; 4) Training on catfish feed from Moringa leaves; 5) Training on making flossed catfish; 6) Improvement of catfish pond facilities and installation of biopores; 7) Catfish cultivation in buckets training; 8) Training on making catfish nuggets and chicken dimsum; 9) Socialization of food diversification and fish-eating movement; 10) Socialization of applications for halal certification.

INTENSITAS DAN PREVALENSI EKTOPARASIT PADA IKAN LELE DI BALAI BENIH IKAN LOKAL (BBIL) AIR MAWAR KOTA PANGKALPINANG

The research entitled "Intensity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Catfish at the Air Mawar Local Fish Seed Center (BBIL) Pangklapinang City" aims to determine the level of intensity, prevalence and types of ectoparasites that infect catfish in that location. Samples of 30 fish were taken randomly. In identifying ectoparasites, observations were made on the outside of the catfish's body, including mucus, fins and gills. Analysis of research data is descriptive and also presented in the form of pictures and tables. Data from the research results show that the types of ectoparasites that infect the external organs of the sampled fish include Dactylogyrus sp, Gyrodactylus sp, Argulus sp, Ichhtyobodo sp, Trichodina sp, and Cichlidogyrus sp. The prevalence rate of parasites that infect catfish is 90% with the category almost always and severe infection. The highest intensity of ectoparasites that attack catfish is by the parasite Dactylogyrus sp with an intensity value of 6.48 individuals per fish in the medium category, and the lowest intensity value is by the parasite Trichodina sp with an intensity value of 1 individual per fish. It is also known that the water conditions in the catfish pond This is not good for the survival of catfish, because the oxygen levels are low and the ammonia levels are high