Catfish Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus Research Articles

Determination of transducer types and frequencies in gonadal ultrasound of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Determination of transducer types and frequencies in gonadal ultrasound of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Histoarchitectural anomalies induced by antibiotic Florfenicol in commercially important catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Histoarchitectural anomalies induced by antibiotic Florfenicol in commercially important catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde positively affects the physiology, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.

The study evaluated the effects of diverse cinnamaldehyde (CIN) supplementation doses on the physiological attributes, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The study incorporated five doses of CIN supplementation, namely 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2gkg-1 feed, with four replicates per group. Commercial extruded isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds with crude protein and gross energy levels of 28.46% ± 0.23% and 3858.70 ± 18.06kcalkg-1, respectively, were used as test feeds. The initial weight of striped catfish was 5.57 ± 0.02g, and 30 fish were maintained in each cage (2 × 1 × 1 m3) for 60days. The results illustrated that the incorporation of CIN into the diet increases amylase and lipase levels and the ability of striped catfish to accumulate glucose, as the glucose tolerance test revealed that CIN 1.0 and 1.5gkg-1 reduced glucose content to its basal level at 3-4 h postinjection and upregulated the insulin receptor, hexokinase, and hormone-sensitive lipase genes. CIN 1.5gkg-1 also increased plasma total protein and high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels. CIN 1.0-2.0 g kg-1 increased antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. CIN 1.5gkg-1 was the best treatment for increasing final weight, the specific growth rate, protein retention, and the protein efficiency ratio and for decreasing the feed conversion ratio. CIN additionally increased meat protein and decreased meat and liver lipid content. This study concluded that 1.24gkg-1 is the optimal CIN dose calculated from the equation Y = - 0.1487x2 + 0.3702x + 5.0724 (R2 = 0.71) to increase growth and feed efficiency in striped catfish by increasing nonprotein catabolism and exerting antioxidant effects.

Skeletal Deformities in Cultured Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Skeletal deformities are a common issue that poses a challenge that hinders the production of cultured finfish worldwide. The present study aims to describe for the first time skeletal deformities in cultured striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A total of 68 striped catfish were collected from three nurseries in highly concentrated areas of Long An and Dong Thap provinces. These provinces are known for their numerous hatcheries and nursing farms of P. hypophthalmus in the country. The skeletal deformities recorded included saddleback syndrome, missing pectoral fins, lordosis and kyphosis, unilateral deformities of the opercular complex bones, branchiostegal ray and lower jaw deformities. Abnormalities in bone morphotypes between normal and deformed fish were analysed using X-ray scanning and double staining (alizarin red and alcian blue) methods. The morphological abnormalities, in general, can reduce the fillet yield of fish, thereby affecting their market value. Since P. hypophthalmus is the most important freshwater fish exported from the Mekong Delta, a regular monitoring program of skeletal deformities can contribute to identifying improved rearing protocols and enhance the product quality available in the markets.

Effects of dietary supplementation with cinnamon powder and lysine on blood chemistry, liver histology, growth performance, and fillet quality of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Effects of dietary supplementation with cinnamon powder and lysine on blood chemistry, liver histology, growth performance, and fillet quality of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Abiotic and biotic stress alleviating effects of the medicinal and aromatic plant-derived product on striped catfish Pangasianodonhypophthalmus

Intensification of aquaculture production leads to abiotic and biotic stresses, which are further induced by the impact of climate change. Thus, it is important to explore a combined strategy to alleviate multiple stresses in fish. In the present investigation, the removal of nitrogenous metabolites from aquaponics water was studied using products derived from five different locally available medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) namely banana stem (Musa Accuminata), Aloe vera, Mint (Minata sepicata), Indian beech/Pongameoil-tree/Karanj (Pongamia pinnatum), and Coat Button/Mexican daisy/Dagadipala (Tridax procrumbens) in the batch experiment for 24 h. A reduction of 91–94% in the ammonia level and 75–80% removal of nitrite-N in the treatments with products derived from mint, banana stem, and aloe vera has been observed. Mint product was also found to be bactericidal against fish pathogenic bacteria. Based on this dual function of mint, further study was conducted under wet-lab conditions to evaluate the possible protective role of the mint-based product in dry powder form against abiotic stresses caused by nitrogenous toxicants for 24 h and 45 days multiple stresses caused by nitrogenous toxicants in freshwater stocked with eight fingerlings of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus of the initial weight of 8 ± 0.5g for 24 h and 8.82 ± 0.75g for 45 days. The results revealed that mint-derived plant product has better anti-stress properties in terms of their bioremediation effectiveness in lowering ammonia and nitrite. Mint also improved the fish growth performance with better physiological responses and anti-oxidative status and reduced the cellular metabolic stress in fish reared under ammonia, as further indicated by reduced oxidative stress parameters, and tissue biochemical indices. Overall, mint showed its main properties as a growth promoter, and immune enhancer, where this medicinal plant product acts as a bioremediation and antibacterial agent to the host immune system. This has potential applications in the environmental and health management of aquaculture.

Effects of common full-sib families on accuracy of genomic prediction for tagging weight in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.

Common full-sib families (c 2 ) make up a substantial proportion of total phenotypic variation in traits of commercial importance in aquaculture species and omission or inclusion of the c 2 resulted in possible changes in genetic parameter estimates and re-ranking of estimated breeding values. However, the impacts of common full-sib families on accuracy of genomic prediction for commercial traits of economic importance are not well known in many species, including aquatic animals. This research explored the impacts of common full-sib families on accuracy of genomic prediction for tagging weight in a population of striped catfish comprising 11,918 fish traced back to the base population (four generations), in which 560 individuals had genotype records of 14,154 SNPs. Our single step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGLBUP) showed that the accuracy of genomic prediction for tagging weight was reduced by 96.5%-130.3% when the common full-sib families were included in statistical models. The reduction in the prediction accuracy was to a smaller extent in multivariate analysis than in univariate models. Imputation of missing genotypes somewhat reduced the upward biases in the prediction accuracy for tagging weight. It is therefore suggested that genomic evaluation models for traits recorded during the early phase of growth development should account for the common full-sib families to minimise possible biases in the accuracy of genomic prediction and hence, selection response.

Culture of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus through Net Cages in Carp Pond under varying Stocking Density

Culture of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus through Net Cages in Carp Pond under varying Stocking Density

Evaluation of dietary α-lipoic acid supplementation on the growth performance and physiological status of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

This study aimed to evaluate the dietary supplementation of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and protein-sparring effect of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerling. The striped catfish (individual weight of 1.4 ± 0.0 g) were stocked in 25 cages at 2x1x1.5 m size in a 200-m pond at 50 fish. Fish were fed formulated diets with ALA supplementation, namely: diet A (27% protein: 390 kcal), diet B (27% protein: 390 kcal +ALA 8 g/kg), diet C (27% protein: 400 kcal), diet D (27% protein: 400 kcal +ALA 8 g/kg), and diet E (30% protein: 390 kcal). Feeding was performed until apparent satiation for 60 days. The ALA supplementation significantly produced higher final individual weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, followed by a lower feed conversion ratio on the 27:390+ALA diet treatment (P<0.05) than other diet treatments. The highest liver performance based on superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and glycogen contents was obtained from the 27:390+ALA diet treatment. The malondialdehyde, triglycerides, and lipid accumulation in the liver on the 27:390+ALA diet treatment were lower than other diet treatments (P<0.05). Therefore, the best growth performance and physiological status in striped catfish was obtained from 27:390+ALA diet treatment.

The Use of Drugs, Chemicals, Herbs, and Herbal Extract Products in Grow-out Farms of Snakehead (Channa striata) and Pangasius Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

This study aimed to investigate the current use of drugs, chemicals, herbs, and herbal extract products in grow-out farms of snakehead (Channa striata) and Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The survey was conducted with a total of 60 Pangasius catfish grow-out farms in An Giang and Dong Thap provinces, and 60 snakehead grow-out farms in An Giang and Tra Vinh provinces. The results showed that bacterial diseases were commonly reported by snakehead farmers (1-4 episodes per crop) and Pangasius catfish farmers (1 to 12 episodes per crop). Farmers used 12 types of single antibiotics and a mixture of two antibiotics in Pangasius catfish, and eight types of antibiotics in snakehead aquaculture. However, Pangasius catfish and snakehead farmers used enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which are banned antibiotics according to the Vietnamese authority regulations. For the use of herbs and herbal extract products, a variety of commercial products were used by farmers which claimed different purposes for use. According to the farmers, the quality and effectiveness of these products were questionable. Some farmers used traditional herbs following their experiences using traditional medicines for humans and did not really know about the application doses. Thus, it would be requested for in-depth studies on the use of herbs as on-farm treatments, which would provide evidence for the use of herbs in the industry.

Aquaculture wastewater-raised Azolla as partial alternative dietary protein for Pangasius catfish

Azolla is a freshwater floating aquatic fern found in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions with a high nitrogen-fixing rate from the result of symbiotic relationship with the blue-green cyanobacterium, Anabaena azollae. Azolla can effectively remediate aquaculture wastewater owing to its high production capacity and the ability to absorb nutrients and toxic compounds. The Azolla biomass generated as a by-product is currently underutilized and could potentially benefit the aquafeed industry in replacing the unfeasible and expensive fishmeal protein at a certain level. This study evaluates the incorporation of red tilapia wastewater-raised Azolla as a dietary protein for the growth performance, feed efficiency, survival, body indices, body composition and nutrient utilization of Pangasius catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus during a 90-days feeding experiment. Dried Azolla was incorporated into four isonitrogenous (30 g kg−1) and isolipidic (12 g kg−1) practical diets containing 0 g kg−1 (Control), 10 g kg−1 (A10), 20 g kg−1 (A20) and 30 g kg−1 (A30) fishmeal protein replacement. One hundred and twenty juveniles with an initial mean weight of 45 ± 15 g were distributed into 12 tanks representing four dietary treatments in triplicates. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Pangasius catfish fed 10 g kg−1 Azolla protein. Beyond that, WG, SGR, PER and FCR decreased to the lowest value when fed with 30 g kg−1 Azolla protein. No significant (p > 0.05) effects were recorded for feed intake, survival, body indices and nutrient utilization amongst all dietary treatments. In conclusion, Azolla raised from red tilapia aquaculture wastewater can replace fishmeal protein up to 10 g kg−1 in the diet of Pangasius catfish juveniles having better growth, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization without affecting its survival, body indices and body composition.

Dermocystidium sp. infection in farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus farmed in Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil.

The genus Dermocystidium infects a wide range of animals. The host infection often occurs through the ingestion of endospores. The diagnosis depends on wet mounts and histopathological analysis of the affected tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Dermocystidium sp. infection on the skin of farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) from a fish farm located in Fortaleza, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. From these observations, we determined that 100% of the analyzed animals were infected with Dermocystidium sp. The wet mount and histopathology of the fish lesions revealed spore-filled cysts between the dermis and epidermis, encapsulated by connective tissue. Owing to a lack of research on the parasite and its prevalence among different fish species in Brazil and the rest of the world, additional studies are required to understand their endemicity in fish farms of Brazil, and consequently develop better disease prevention methods and increase the overall productivity.

Influences of Salinity on Embryonic and Larval Development of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Salinity intrusion in coastal areas due to climate change is alarming. In this study, the effects of salinity on embryonic and larval development of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were studied experimentally. Embryos and larvae were exposed to seven salinity treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 ppt), each with three replications. Considerable survivability of embryos was recorded up to 6 ppt salinity. Mortality of embryos significantly increased at 8 and 10 ppt salinity, and 100% mortality was displayed within 12 h of exposure at 12 ppt salinity. The rate of hatching was significantly reduced at 8 and 10 ppt salinity. The 24 h lethal concentration (LC50) value of salinity for embryo was 11.24 ppt. Different types of deformities, such as undeveloped yolk sac, elongated gastrula yolk sac, and yolk sac bud, were highest at 10 ppt salinity. Similar to the embryo, considerable survivability of larvae was recorded up to 6 ppt salinity, and 100% mortalities were found within 24 h of exposure at 12 ppt salinity. The 24 and 48 h LC50 values of salinity for larvae were 10.63 and 8.48 ppt, respectively. Several types of deformities, including yolk sac ulceration, spine scoliosis, tail bent, yolk sac edema, and compromised swim bladder inflation, were highest at 10 ppt salinity after 48 h of exposure. Within 24 h of exposure, about 80% yolk sac of the larvae was absorbed at 8 and 10 ppt salinity, while 30%–50% yolk sac was absorbed at 0–6 ppt salinity. Growth rates in terms of length and weight were higher at 0, 2, and 4 ppt salinity and moderate at 6 and 8 ppt salinity. Overall, the current findings define the limits to optimize hatchery procedures for the culture of this species in low saline brackish water.

Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and withdrawal period of antibiotic oxytetracycline in catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) has been widely used for therapeutic and preventive management of bacterial diseases in finfish and shellfish. In the present study the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and withdrawal period of the OTC have been determined following in-feed administration in intensively cultured catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral route were also compared with parenteral route. Drug concentrations were measured in various tissues at different time intervals by LC-MS/MS. The study revealed the drug kinetics best followed the enterohepatic circulation model with very poor bioavailability and low blood concentration after oral administration. In the withdrawal study, after 10-days of in-feed administration at the therapeutic dose the drug reached very high concentrations in the liver and kidneys but did not attain minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in blood or flesh. OTC concentration also did not exceed the recommended MRL value in flesh; however, considering high amounts of the chemical in the liver and kidneys a withdrawal period of 4 days (at 28 ± 1.5 oC) is recommended for consumer safety. Poor bioavailability and non-attainment of minimum therapeutic concentration in blood and flesh do not warrant in-feed administration of OTC for control of bacterial diseases in P. hypophthalmus. Availability of data and materialsAll data generated and analyzed during this study are included in this article. Raw data may be shared upon reasonable request.

Accuracies of genomic predictions for disease resistance of striped catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri using artificial intelligence algorithms.

Assessments of genomic prediction accuracies using artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms (i.e., machine and deep learning methods) are currently not available or very limited in aquaculture species. The principal aim of this study was to examine the predictive performance of these new methods for disease resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri in a population of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and to make comparisons with four common methods, i.e., pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP), genomic-based best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and a nonlinear Bayesian approach (notably BayesR). Our analyses using machine learning (i.e., ML-KAML) and deep learning (i.e., DL-MLP and DL-CNN) together with the four common methods (PBLUP, GBLUP, ssGBLUP, and BayesR) were conducted for two main disease resistance traits (i.e., survival status coded as 0 and 1 and survival time, i.e., days that the animals were still alive after the challenge test) in a pedigree consisting of 560 individual animals (490 offspring and 70 parents) genotyped for 14,154 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The results using 6,470 SNPs after quality control showed that machine learning methods outperformed PBLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP, with the increases in the prediction accuracies for both traits by 9.1–15.4%. However, the prediction accuracies obtained from machine learning methods were comparable to those estimated using BayesR. Imputation of missing genotypes using AlphaFamImpute increased the prediction accuracies by 5.3–19.2% in all the methods and data used. On the other hand, there were insignificant decreases (0.3–5.6%) in the prediction accuracies for both survival status and survival time when multivariate models were used in comparison to univariate analyses. Interestingly, the genomic prediction accuracies based on only highly significant SNPs (P < 0.00001, 318–400 SNPs for survival status and 1,362–1,589 SNPs for survival time) were somewhat lower (0.3–15.6%) than those obtained from the whole set of 6,470 SNPs. In most of our analyses, the accuracies of genomic prediction were somewhat higher for survival time than survival status (0/1 data). It is concluded that although there are prospects for the application of genomic selection to increase disease resistance to E. ictaluri in striped catfish breeding programs, further evaluation of these methods should be made in independent families/populations when more data are accumulated in future generations to avoid possible biases in the genetic parameters estimates and prediction accuracies for the disease-resistant traits studied in this population of striped catfish P. hypophthalmus.

Effectiveness of single and combined use of selected dietary probiotic and prebiotics on growth and intestinal conditions of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1978) juvenile

Effectiveness of single and combined use of selected dietary probiotic and prebiotics on growth and intestinal conditions of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1978) juvenile

Transcriptomic analysis of the immune response against A. hydrophila infection in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

As an emergent bacterial pathogen in aquaculture, A. hydrophila has caused considerable losses to the striped catfish aquaculture industry. Efficient transcriptome research has been widely used to study the immune response of fish against pathogens. This study firstly reported the effect of A. hydrophila infection at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus at the transcriptome level. The changes in multiple immune indices indicated that the earlier stages, including 4, 12, and 24 h, were key time points during A. hydrophila infection. Accordingly, 6824, 2674, and 1571 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between each key infection time (4, 12, and 24 h) versus 0 h. Most of the DEGs were enriched in the functional categories of positive regulation of response to stimulus, positive regulation of immune system process, activation of immune response, positive regulation of immune response, and defense response. Further analysis based on the short time-series expression miner methods indicated that the genes significantly fluctuated in response to A. hydrophila infection and were enriched in cytokine-related pathways, including cytokine-cytokine interaction, the interleukin 17 signaling pathway, Th cell differentiation, and the chemokine signaling pathway. Weighted co-expression network analysis was applied to identify 14 hub genes involved in the immune response against A. hydrophila infection, and a corresponding gene regulatory network was constructed. The findings in this study provide further in-depth insights into the immune response of P. hypophthalmus against A. hydrophila infection, which could be implicated in the future prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in aquaculture.

Monitoring of reproductive health in the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) from the Saen Saep Canal, Thailand

Khlong Saen Saep is one of the most important and large canal systems in Bangkok, Thailand. However, the emergence of heavily polluted water has occasionally been reported due to the domestic sewage and industrial effluents discharged into the system. This situation may affect the reproductive status of aquatic lives residing in this canal. To evaluate the reproductive status of the canal inhabitant, the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)—a common dweller of the Saen Saep Canal—was collected from two selected stations, the Bumpen Nua Temple and the Kamalun Islam Mosque. The fish gonads were then anatomically and histologically examined. The results indicated that neither parasites nor ovary with external abnormality were found. Nevertheless, several histological alterations were detected, including vacuolar degeneration of previtellogenic oocytes, accumulation of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), and atretic oocytes. Moreover, severe histopathological changes, such as the eosinophilic cytoplasm of spermatogonia, MMCs, blood congestion, and syncytium of spermatozoa, were observed in the fish testis. Our study suggested that the environmental stress and pollutions previously reported from the Saen Saep Canal possibly underpin the gonadal impairments of P. hypophthalmus examined and may have adverse impact on the reproductive health of others living in this canal system

Protective efficacy of phage PVN02 against haemorrhagic septicaemia in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus via oral administration.

Haemorrhagic septicaemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is one of the most important aquatic diseases in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. However, antibiotic-resistant A.hydrophila strains have become popular and resulted in inadequate control of the disease in striped catfish farms. This study investigates the protective efficacy of bacteriophage PVN02 against haemorrhagic septicaemia in striped catfish via oral administration. The phage-containing pellets were prepared by spraying the phage solution on food pellets at 20ml/kg. The rate of phage desorption from the food pellets into the water was very low; the phage titres in the water were approximately log 1.0 PFU/ml or undetectable. The in vivo experiment evaluating the protective efficacy of PVN02 against haemorrhagic septicaemia in striped catfish was conducted using 21 groups of 1,260 fish in 50-L plastic tanks in triplicate. The catfish were fed twice daily with phage-sprayed pellets. Different densities of bacterial suspensions were added into the tanks for 24hr. Without the existence of the phage, the highest mortality rate was 68.3±2.9% at the highest density of bacterial suspension. In contrast, the mortality rate at the highest density of bacterial suspension was significantly reduced to 8.33±2.9% or 16.67±2.9% at the phage dose of log 6.2±0.09 or log 4.2±0.09 PFU/g. This study provides a very practical manner of applying phage therapy to prevent disease in large-scale striped catfish farms.

Structure of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Gene coding Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is one of genes relating the growth of many fish species, including striped catfish. In this study, cDNA coding to protein IGF2 was isolated from total RNA extracted from liver tissue of catfish, then was amplified through reverse transcription PCR and standard PCR with IGF2 specific primer pair to generate the 642bp-in-size PCR product. The sequence of this cDNA-IGF2 is similar up to 95% to the cDNA-IGF2 gene sequence of catfish included in family Ictalurus. Based on that sequence, 3 primer pairs were designed to amplify 3 regions of IGF2 gene from genomic DNA extracted from fins of catfish, which have 900bp, 1500bp and 1200bp in length. That 3 regions were sequenced and assembled to give the final sequence with 3387bp in length of IGF2 gene, which includes 4 exons coding to IGF2 protein, and is similar up to 96% to sequence of mRNA coding to IGF2 protein of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and that of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus. Determining the structure of IGF2 gene of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus enable us to further examine its function and genetic variation.