Category Scheme Research Articles

Assessing knowledge organization systems from a gender perspective: Wikipedia taxonomy and Wikidata ontologies

PurposeDevelop a comprehensive framework for assessing the knowledge organization systems (KOSs), including the taxonomy of Wikipedia and the ontologies of Wikidata, with a specific focus on enhancing management and retrieval with a gender nonbinary perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs heuristic and inspection methods to assess Wikipedia’s KOS, ensuring compliance with international standards. It evaluates the efficiency of retrieving non-masculine gender-related articles using the Catalan Wikipedian category scheme, identifying limitations. Additionally, a novel assessment of Wikidata ontologies examines their structure and coverage of gender-related properties, comparing them to Wikipedia’s taxonomy for advantages and enhancements.FindingsThis study evaluates Wikipedia’s taxonomy and Wikidata’s ontologies, establishing evaluation criteria for gender-based categorization and exploring their structural effectiveness. The evaluation process suggests that Wikidata ontologies may offer a viable solution to address Wikipedia’s categorization challenges.Originality/valueThe assessment of Wikipedia categories (taxonomy) based on KOS standards leads to the conclusion that there is ample room for improvement, not only in matters concerning gender identity but also in the overall KOS to enhance search and retrieval for users. These findings bear relevance for the design of tools to support information retrieval on knowledge-rich websites, as they assist users in exploring topics and concepts.

Two new species of Acanthobothrium Blanchard, 1848 (Cestoda, Onchoproteocephalidea) from Urobatisjamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Elasmobranchii, Batoidea, Myliobatiformes) of the Mexican Caribbean.

Eight specimens of Urobatisjamaicensis were collected from four localities of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, of which four specimens were infected with cestodes of two new species of Acanthobothrium. Acanthobothriumgarciaprietoisp. nov. differs from congeners by a combination of characters including the size of the scolex and bothridia, length of the cephalic peduncle, length of the axial and abaxial prongs and total length of the abaxial prongs of the hooks, size of the cirrus sac and testes in mature proglottids, and the total number of proglottids. The most prominent characteristic distinguishing A.pulidofloresaesp. nov. from other species of the Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean Sea/Gulf of Mexico is the form of the scolex, which has the "clover leaf" configuration. In addition, it can be distinguished by the total length of the worm, total number of proglottids, small accessory suckers, the form of the bothridia, length of the axial and abaxial prongs and total abaxial prong length of hooks, and the number of testes. According to the current category scheme, A.garciaprietoisp. nov. and A.pulidofloresaesp. nov., belong to categories 1 and 5, respectively.

University lecturers’ conceptions of online teaching in distance education courses in Vietnamese higher education

This study aimed to characterise academics’ conceptions of teaching in fully online undergraduate distance education courses with no on-campus component. The study aimed to fill a gap in the literature, as previous research had examined conceptions of teaching in face-to-face courses, with a few studies of blended teaching via the Internet in on-campus courses. Fourteen academics from five faculties in a Vietnamese regional university were interviewed, with the study taking place shortly after the outbreak of Covid-19. Grounded theory was used for data analysis. The results revealed four categories of conceptions of online teaching, namely online teaching (1) as transmitting structured knowledge and skills, (2) as guiding students to acquire knowledge and skills, (3) as facilitating students’ understanding via interaction and (4) as developing students’ understanding and capabilities. The four categories of conceptions were defined and distinguished by a set of six dimensions, which included e-Learning/LMS. The set of categories had some similarities to those found for face-to-face teaching, but also some distinctions which could be explained by the nature of online teaching and learning. The study, therefore, makes a major contribution by establishing a category scheme for conceptions of teaching in online distance education, with detailed characterisation of the four categories of conceptions. The descriptors of the conceptions showed cultural influences, particularly from a Confucian heritage, which is of significance as research into face-to-face conceptions had not found cultural variations.

HERMODORUS OF SYRACUSE AND SEXTUS EMPIRICUS’ ‘PYTHAGOREANS’ ON CATEGORIES AND PRINCIPLES

AbstractHermodorus of Syracuse, a Sicilian disciple of Plato, is reported by Simplicius to have set out a classification of beings, which is of a piece with an argument for principle monism (in Ph. 247.30–248.18 > F 5 IP2; 256.28–257.4 = F 6 IP2). A similar classification appears in Sextus Empiricus’ Aduersus mathematicos X (262–75), where it is officially ascribed to some ‘Pythagoreans’ (Πυθαγορικοί) or ‘children of the Pythagoreans’ (Πυθαγορικῶν παῖδες), but seems ultimately based on Early Academic material. Virtually all commentators have read these classifications conjointly. More radically, both have been taken to record Plato's oral teaching and to give essentially the same categorial scheme, which is regarded as the most developed instance of a so-called ‘Academic doctrine of the categories’. This article re-examines these texts and provides an alternative reading. Section 1 focusses on Hermodorus and defends three theses: (1) there was never such a thing as an ‘Academic doctrine of the categories’; (2) Hermodorus does not seem to recount what Plato said, but to propose an integrated interpretation and defence of aspects of his thought; (3) Hermodorus’ pronouncements about principles are incompatible with other testimonies on Plato's unwritten teaching, notably Aristotle's. Section 2 moves to Sextus and defends a fourth thesis: (4) despite their similarities, the classifications of Hermodorus and Sextus’ Pyrhagoreans are considerably different, though perhaps originated from the same debate.

Phenomenological Method and Philosophy of Psychiatry: History and Prospects of Interaction

The article considers the possibilities of applying the phenomenological method in the philosophy of psychiatry. For this purpose, a brief analysis of the main stages of the development of the interaction of philosophy and psychiatry in modern times (20–21 centuries) was carried out: initial, syncretic, practical stages, and the formation of an interdisciplinary project, which is presented as the philosophy of psychiatry. An attempt to determine how exactly should the “phenomenological method” be understood when it comes to its application to the study of mental states in psychiatry and related disciplines (psychology and psychotherapy) is also made. It is shown that the phenomenological method tries to describe the human experience with the help of a more complete scheme of categories and concepts than is typical for the natural-scientific understanding of psychiatry. This method is also focused on human existence and helps a psychiatrist to “get used to” the structure and ways of being-in-the-world of a person. Therefore, the phenomenological method is practiced in psychology, psychotherapy, and psychiatry as a type of qualitative research. The historical review demonstrates that the phenomenological method has various manifestations in psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy (as a general philosophical method, a procedure for describing research in psychology, and a technique used in psychotherapeutic practice). Based on this, it is concluded that it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the subject field of the direction of research where phenomenological method is implemented in order to explain the peculiarities of application of the phenomenological method. Although the problem of the expediency of using phenomenology as a research strategy in the philosophy of psychiatry is currently debatable, the author of the article believes that the use of the phenomenological method in philosophy of psychiatry can and should be implemented.

Development of a new category system for the profile morphology of temporomandibular disorders patients based on cephalograms using cluster analysis.

This study aims to develop a new category scheme for the profile morphology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) based on lateral cephalometric morphology. Five hundred and one adult patients (91 males and 410 females) with TMD were enrolled in this study. Cluster tendency analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed using 36 lateral cephalometric measurements. Classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm was used to construct a binary decision tree based on the clustering results. Twelve principal components were discovered in the TMD patients and were responsible for 91.2% of the variability. Cluster tendency of cephalometric data from TMD patients were confirmed and three subgroups were revealed by cluster analysis: (a) cluster 1: skeletal class I malocclusion; (b) cluster 2: skeletal class I malocclusion with increased facial height; (c) cluster 3: skeletal class II malocclusion with clockwise rotation of the mandible. Besides, CART model was built and the eight key morphological indicators from the decision tree model were convenient for clinical application, with the prediction accuracy up to 85.4%. Our study proposed a novel category system for the profile morphology of TMDs with three subgroups according to the cephalometric morphology, which may supplement the morphological understanding of TMD and benefit the management of the categorical treatment of TMD.

Overton: A bibliometric database of policy document citations

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the Overton policy document database, describing the makeup of materials indexed and the nature in which they cite academic literature. We report on various aspects of the data, including growth, geographic spread, language representation, the range of policy source types included, and the availability of citation links in documents. Longitudinal analysis over established journal category schemes is used to reveal the scale and disciplinary focus of citations and determine the feasibility of developing field-normalized citation indicators. To corroborate the data indexed, we also examine how well self-reported funding outcomes collected by UK funders correspond to data indexed in the Overton database. Finally, to test the data in an experimental setting, we assess whether peer-review assessment of impact as measured by the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 correlates with derived policy citation metrics. Our findings show that for some research topics, such as health, economics, social care, and the environment, Overton contains a core set of policy documents with sufficient citation linkage to academic literature to support various citation analyses that may be informative in research evaluation, impact assessment, and policy review.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ ЛИЗИНГА КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The article deals with the development of market relations through the use of a leasing form of financing. The relevance of the study is determined, which lies in the multilayer process of technical re-equipment of enterprises, which requires solving many problems. In this regard, the authors of this article propose a mechanism for leasing financing to enhance and develop the investment activities of enterprises. Through the analysis of foreign and Russian economic literature, the economic essence of leasing has been studied. Based on the positions of foreign and Russian scientists, it can be noted that leasing is treated as a source of financing with certain benefits for both the lessor and the lessee. During the study, the main categories of costs associated with the use of fixed assets were identified, and a scheme of the main categories of costs was developed. This scheme reflects the main types of costs that depend on various factors, such as the information process, the type of fixed asset and its characteristics, economic variables. Based on the study of methods for calculating leasing payments, the author’s method for calculating leasing payments is presented, taking into account risk insurance in financial and operational leasing. This method takes into account the depreciation cost of the leased property, determining the coefficient of effective use of fixed assets.

Existuje změna z hlediska vztahu?

When Aristotle deals with specific kinds of motion, he surprisingly asserts that there is no movement according to a relation. This assertion is, on the one hand, well justifiable, but, on the other hand, it is at variance with the naturalistic spirit of peripatetic philosophy. In this paper I would like to propose a solution to this dilemma. Such an achievement, however, has an implication which may be difficult to accept: viz. the necessity to quite radically transform the traditional categorial scheme.

Milan scoring system in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions for assessment of risk of malignancy

Salivary gland lesions are one of the most common encounters in clinical practice for the evaluation of which Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well-established technique nowadays. Owing to the heterogenecity and morphological overlap between the various categories of these salivary gland lesions, there was a need for a standardised procedure. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides a standardised evidence based reporting system to assess the risk of malignancy and thus helpful for the management of these lesions. We have undertaken this study for evaluation of salivary gland lesions by this newly introduced grading system for predicting the malignant potential of these lesions.: We have done a prospective study of all the salivary gland lesions received in our department for a period of 3 years from 2016 to 2019. The clinical history, aspiration cytology and histopathological examination was done for all the cases.: We have received 225 salivary gland lesions for aspiration, but histological follow up was done in only 105 lesions, which were thus included in our study. Case distribution into different categories was done in the following way:ND (5.71%), NN (38.01%), AUS (2.57%), NB (33.34%), SUMP (1.9%), SM (2.85%), and M (15%). Overall, ROM reported were 25%, 5%, 20%, 4.4%, 33.3%, 85.7%, and 97.5%, respectively for each category. Overall, sensitivity was 83.34%, specificity was 98.01%, positive predictive value was 94.87%, and negative predictive value was 91.89%. MSRSGC is a six category scheme that was recently proposed that separates the salivary gland FNAC into distinct categories, thus increasing the specificity by limiting the number of false negative and false positive cases.

A Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszer – a tudomány válasza a rendvédelmi hivatásos állomány alkalmasságvizsgálatának kihívásaira

Numerous international and domestic studies have shown that all the duties which law enforcement personnel perform put an increased strain of mental and physical health. All this makes the aptitude testing system of the professionals essential and at the same time more important. An essential condition for the effectiveness of such a system is to be able to continuously adapt to changes in organizational needs and the characteristics of applicants for the organization. The explosive growth in digitalization and the use of the World Wide Web has posed a revision of the more than ten years applied aptitude test system for law enforcement professionals as law enforcement challenges and the younger generation’s changed abilities and motivation to work. In response to these challenges, the Two-stage Integrated Aptitude Testing System (abbreviated as KLIR) was established by Decree No. 45/2020 on the suitability assessment of professional staff and law enforcement administrative staff employed by certain law enforcement agencies under the Minister of the Interior. (XII.16.) BM. Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2021. In our study, we describe the scientific basis of the KLIR system, discussing it along the most important principles of the system. We show how the two steps of the KLIR procedure –examining the fit of work of individuals on several levels at the same time – serving the selection of the most suitable candidates and in addition to the screening of unsuitable ones, thereby improving individual and organizational performance. In the spirit of flexible adaptability, which is considered to be one of the keys to organizational efficiency, we describe the possibilities of the innovations of the KLIR procedure, the scheme of aptitude test categories, the three-level regulatory order, and the coherency between aptitude tests and the training system. The article concludes with a description how the targeted scientific research has contributed to the development of the KLIR system and provides a glimpse of relevant future perspectives.

Public library Twitter use during the early period of the COVID-19 lockdown in the United States

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the Twitter use of public libraries during the early period of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate the focus of Twitter communication.Design/methodology/approachA total of 57 active, public library Twitter accounts were used for data collection and analysis. The tweets examined were a combination of original tweets (n = 1,465) and retweets (n = 516) posted from other Twitter accounts on the public libraries’ Twitter feeds. A content analysis scheme was developed to analyse topical aspects of the tweets.FindingsThe most frequent tweets were about library events, programmes and activities. However, there was a relatively low focus on sharing community information and addressing information related to the pandemic. The study suggests that public libraries could use Twitter to provide library resources and services to their patrons, whilst also acting as a virtual community centre safely keeping patrons engaged in the face of a global pandemic. By doing so, Twitter could be used as an integral part of promoting the mission of public libraries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examined a limited number of public libraries’ Twitter posts. Whilst the study carried out a random sampling of 10% of public libraries from the five states that had the highest COVID-19 cases in the month of April 2020, the study only examined tweets of 57 public libraries being active in posting. Thus, the findings of the study are not for generalizing.Practical implicationsThe content scheme includes content types regarding library services and community information. The content category scheme is general to reflect themes of content during a normal time and any emergency. Thus, this framework could be helpful for the content development of public libraries in planning social media use.Originality/valueThe study used a new content analysis framework to examine both original tweets and retweets for information sharing of library services and community information. The approach of content analysis is distinctive to examine libraries’ communication trends on social media not only in normal times but also in times of crisis as well. The study also incorporated additional measures to assess Twitter practices including hashtags.

Käsitused kasvatusest eesti vanasõnades ja kasvatusteaduses

Käsitused kasvatusest eesti vanasõnades ja kasvatusteaduses

Compliance with limits of acceptability for thermal comfort, and implications for long-term comfort

This paper illustrates the derivation of a method to check whether conditions in a given indoor work environment comply or do not comply with the relevant limit of acceptability for thermal comfort. The proposed method advocates that measurement uncertainties should be ignored, as they are way too large for consistency with the existing scheme of closely-spaced thermal categories outlined in international standards. It focuses instead on the identification of a representative value of the synthetic thermal comfort index PMV to be compared with the limit of acceptability. Because indoor thermal environments, even when air-conditioned, exhibit non negligible daily and seasonal fluctuations, care must be taken to ensure that this representative value of PMV reflects thermal conditions approaching the worst case. Because the actual distribution of PMV in a given environment is unknown, the distribution of the outdoor temperature Tout is used as a proxy, and a representative value of Tout is identified in terms of a specific quantile of the summer/winter distributions. This implies that PMV can be considered adequate for comparison with limits if based on measurements carried out when the outdoor temperature is near a specified quantile of the summer/winter distributions.As a byproduct, results have been used for improving the existing methods for evaluation and assessment of long term comfort. To this aim, a more appropriate expression for weighting different exposures has been derived, and a limit of acceptability has been identified.

Robotics Dexterous Grasping: The Methods Based on Point Cloud and Deep Learning.

Dexterous manipulation, especially dexterous grasping, is a primitive and crucial ability of robots that allows the implementation of performing human-like behaviors. Deploying the ability on robots enables them to assist and substitute human to accomplish more complex tasks in daily life and industrial production. A comprehensive review of the methods based on point cloud and deep learning for robotics dexterous grasping from three perspectives is given in this paper. As a new category schemes of the mainstream methods, the proposed generation-evaluation framework is the core concept of the classification. The other two classifications based on learning modes and applications are also briefly described afterwards. This review aims to afford a guideline for robotics dexterous grasping researchers and developers.

Pragmatism as Transcendental Philosophy, Part 2: Peirce on God and Personality

Pragmatism as Transcendental Philosophy, Part 2: Peirce on God and Personality

Disaggregation of conventional soil maps: a review

The disaggregation of conventional soil maps is an active research line inside the Digital Soil Mapping framework that aims to generate new cartographies by disclosing the non-explicit soil distribution pattern within the polytaxic or multi-component cartographic units. This article shows a comprehensive review of methodologies found after a bibliographic search in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. They are analysed regarding common factors such as the conventional soil map, environmental data sources and covariates, classification methods, and evaluation; likewise, those specific to the leveraging of conventional maps as the main source of soil information such as sampling scheme and assignment of soil categories for the classification. The applications were frequently carried out in small and medium areas with intensive and extensive conventional soil maps and featuring supervised classification methods. The definition of the training sets is a critical task that has a strong influence on their performance. The comparative analysis noted the potential of the reviewed disaggregation methodologies that adopted two-stage strategies: first, areas potentially associated with soil categories are delimited; and second, supervised models are built on them. Ultimately, the development of new disaggregation methodologies is possible by combining those strategies within each factor that yielded the best results in terms of accuracy.

Classifying heuristic textual practices in academic discourse

Abstract In this paper, we investigate how deep learning techniques can be applied to discourse pragmatics. As a testcase we analyse heuristic textual practices, defined as linguistic implementations of decision routines in research processes in academic discourse. We develop a complex annotation scheme of pragmalinguistic categories on different levels of granularity and manually annotate a corpus of texts across various scientific disciplines. This is the basis for training recurrent neural networks to classify heuristic textual practices. Our experiments show that the annotation categories are robust enough to be recognised by our models which learn similarities of the sentence-surfaces represented as word embeddings. Our study aims at an iterative human-in-the-loop process in which manual-hermeneutic and algorithmic procedures mutually advance the insight process. It underlines the fact that the interaction between manual and automated methods opens up a promising field for further research, allowing interpretative analyses of complex pragmatic phenomena in large corpora.

Understanding advanced practice nursing as a step towards its implementation in BrazilComprender la enfermería de práctica avanzada como un paso hacia su aplicación en Brasil

ResumoObjetivo.Descrever os elementos da prática das certified nurse-midwives e women’s health nurse practitioners no contexto norte-americano, com vistas a subsidiar a implementação da prática avançada em enfermagem no Brasil.Método.Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza exploratória, com o objetivo de descrever a observação dos elementos da prática avançada de enfermagem em um dos maiores hospitais da cidade de Nova York, Estados Unidos da América. A prática das certified nurse-midwives e das woman’s health nurse practitioners fora observada entre os meses de abril e maio de 2019. Os dados foram analisados indutivamente e um esquema de categorias foi elaborado a partir da análise das notas de campo.Resultados.Os resultados foram organizados nas seguintes categorias: atividades comumente exercidas; fundamentos que alicerçam a prática; diferencial do papel desses profissionais; interação com os demais profissionais de saúde; entraves presentes na prática; facilitadores; e, resultados da prática.Conclusões.Conclui-se que a observação da prática avançada de enfermagem em outro contexto, como o americano, é um passo relevante para o processo de implementação no Brasil. Os enfermeiros e demais apoiadores precisam compreender essa prática para que possam verdadeiramente apoiar o processo de implementação.

The applicability of Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology system on reporting endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology specimens of pancreatic lesions in situations with limited availability of ancillary tests. Experience at a single laboratory.

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) system of reporting pancreatobiliary cytology is a standardised reporting nomenclature that uses a six-tiered scheme of diagnostic categories utilising routine microscopy and ancillary tests such as biochemical and molecular analysis of cyst fluids and immunochemistry. The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the PSC system on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology samples reported at the cytopathology laboratory, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, in Kuwait with special emphasis on situations with limited availability of ancillary tests. In total, 132 cases of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology samples from pancreatic lesions were categorised according to PSC system guidelines after examining the glass slides and reviewing the clinical, imaging and ancillary test findings. These review diagnoses were compared with the diagnoses rendered during initial reporting. Correlation with histopathology reports was done wherever available. In 23 (17.42%) of 132 cases, re-categorisation was necessary between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In 16 cases, re-categorisations were because of non-analogous categories between initial and reviewed diagnosis. In the remaining seven, they were due to identification of newer cytomorphological and imaging findings or because of issues arising from unavailability of sufficient material for ancillary investigations. All cases could be categorised using the PSC system with a moderate number of re-categorisations between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In certain circumstances, limited availability of ancillary tests, resulted in non-diagnostic categories whereas in other such circumstances, diagnostic categories could be assigned with certain conceptual modifications to the PSC guidelines.