Service Categories Research Articles

Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ) in children and adolescents: factor structure, reliability, validity, item parameters and interpretability of the parent version for practical use in Greece

BackgroundHealth systems need tools to assess patient’s experience of service, but existing tools lack reliability and validity assessment. Our aim is to investigate the factor structure, reliability, validity, item parameters and interpretability of the parent version of the Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ) for practical use in Greece.MethodsA total of 265 caregivers that were using mental health services in Greece participated in this study as part of the Nationwide cross-sectional survey from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Initiative (CAMHI). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to test factor structure. Reliability of all models were measured with omega coefficients. Tobit regression analysis was used to test for convergent and discriminant validity with specifically designed questions. Item parameters were assessed via Item Response Theory. Interpretability was assessed by means of IRT-based scores.ResultsWe found that ESQ is best represented and scored as a unidimensional construct, given potential subscales would not have enough reliability apart from a general factor. Convergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated, as caregivers who perceived that their child benefited from the received mental health care had 6.50 higher summed scores (SMD = 1.14, p < 0.001); while those who believed that their child needed additional help had 5.08 lower summed scores on the ESQ (SMD = −0.89, p < 0.001). Average z-scores provided five meaningful categories of services, in terms of user satisfaction, compared to the national average.ConclusionsOur study presents evidence for the reliability and validity of the ESQ and provides recommendations for its practical use in Greece. ESQ can be used to measure experience of service and might help drive improvements in service delivery in the Greek mental health sector.

Comparison of perinatal hospital services of women living in Roma settlements in Slovenia

Abstract Background Women living in Roma settlements in Slovenia had worse perinatal health indicators comparing with women from the rest of population. They gave more births in younger age and used fewer preventive services and later in pregnancy. Roma children had higher chances to be born earlier and with lower birth weight. We explored the differences in provided hospital services between pregnant Roma and the rest of female population in Slovenia. Methods We identified the female inhabitants of Roma settlements from the national registry of population and separated from the rest of the population data. Health indicators were provided from the national health register - Perinatal Information System for the years from 2018 to 2022. The frequency statistics, ANOVA and comparison of column proportion tests were used (p-value&amp;lt;0.005, 95% CI) to compare the differences in categories of services in those two groups. Results Statistically significant differences were found in several hospital services comparing treatments of pregnant females from Roma settlements comparing to the rest of female population. Women from Roma settlements had higher ratio of gynecologic history without remarks, fewer treatments and less prevention investigations in prenatal period and higher ratio of natural start of delivery. In addition, by Roma females was used less medication during delivery, less episiotomies and fewer caesarean section were performed. Conclusions There are significant differences in provision of hospital services between female inhabitants of Roma settlements and the rest of population. Some of them could be explained by younger average age of delivery in Roma, but additional research would bring more light in possible impact of socio-economic and cultural determinants on both the use and provision of health services. Key messages • There are differences in provided health services between Roma women and the rest of female population. In depth research of prenatal and hospital services would bring additional explanations. • Considering the health inequalities which start by birth, targeted and tailored actions to improve health of Roma women and their new-borns are appropriate and necessary.

Long-term Survival After Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Health Care Landscape in Germany

Abstract Background Cancer remains a global health concern, with a significant increase in new cases projected in the coming years. Although cancer treatment and diagnosis have advanced, leading to improved survival, survivors often face complex physical, emotional, and cognitive challenges. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the current landscape of specialized long-term survivorship care services in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) with a focus on vulnerable groups. Methods The scoping review involves two search approaches: a manual search performed by two review authors and a systematic search performed by an information specialist following Scoping Review guidance. The protocol was published on the OSF platform. The systematic search was conducted in databases such as LIVIVIO, MEDLINE and Scopus. The manual search involves identifying key categories of survivorship services and conducting online searches based on these categories in duplicate. Data extraction and synthesis is conducted using EPPI-Reviewer software, and focuses on services characteristics, patient demographics, program format, and accessibility. Results The study has identified more than 300 survivorship care services across North Rhine-Westphalia. According to preliminary results some services offer comprehensive care, while others have significant gaps, particularly in addressing the needs of vulnerable groups. One example of these gaps is the lack of tailored services specifically designed for people with a migration background. Most of the services are not available in multiple languages or gender-specific oriented. The results will be presented on the congress in detail. Conclusions This scoping review underscores the importance of tailored survivorship care, especially for vulnerable groups. Public health actions should focus on addressing disparities in access to survivorship services, enhancing existing programs, and developing new policies to support cancer survivors. Key messages • Effective survivorship care requires attention to vulnerable groups. • The care of long-term cancer survivors should receive more attention in research.

Range and Nature of Social Services for Children With Disabilities and Their Families: A Descriptive Study.

Children with disabilities and their families continue to face challenges in social inclusion and accessing resources. This study aimed to evaluate the availability and associated challenges of using services for these children and their families. A descriptive study was conducted to analyze social services for children with disabilities. Data were collected from the official websites of both public and private institutions across three regions in South Korea. These data included information on the service contents and the characteristics of the target beneficiaries. A total of 12,841 service units were analyzed and grouped into 10 domains and 35 categories of social services. The most frequently identified service content was "Healthcare," followed by "Child and family care" and "Community services." The most frequently used characteristic of target beneficiaries was "Residential area," followed by "Income level," "Benefit," and "Type of disability." The current services are limited in meeting the needs of children with disabilities, particularly in terms of selection criteria, service content, and the integration of policies and delivery systems, contributing to a lack of social inclusion and lower quality of life. Constructing a national scheme to expand eligibility and support tailored to individual circumstances and needs is necessary.

Satisfaction and preference for home delivery pharmaceutical services among patients attending primary care settings in Qatar during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, due to the high risk associated with travel and group gatherings, the Ministry of Public Health in Qatar introduced home delivery of pharmaceutical services. This study...

EXPRESS: GENDER STEREOTYPING IN ROBOT SERVICE FAILURES

AI agents, such as service robots, could encompass gender cues. However, little is known regarding whether and how customers apply gender stereotyping to service failures in gendered service tasks performed by robots. Drawing on the gender stereotype theory, we investigate the joint effects of robot gender (feminine vs. masculine) and task type (female-dominated vs. male-dominated) on customer dissatisfaction following service failures. Study 1 reveals that feminine service robots are perceived as more communal but equally agentic as their masculine counterparts. Study 2 demonstrates that feminine (vs. masculine) service robots generate lower customer dissatisfaction when failing a female-dominated task. However, this discrepancy diminishes when failures occur in a male-dominated task. Perceived communion and tolerance serially mediate such robot gender effect. Our findings suggest that using feminine robots across all service categories may be a cost-effective strategy for hospitality organizations, eliminating the need to vary robot gender by task type.

Optimizing trainee handoffs on a busy transfusion medicine service

Abstract Objective Within the healthcare system, handoff processes are critical to maintain safety &amp; continuality of care. Many handoff platforms exist for clinical inpatient housestaff specialties. However, these do not always align with the needs of clinical pathologists. Academic transfusion medicine (TM) services often oversee a hybrid of laboratory management, clinical services including apheresis therapy, and blood product management. To date, the literature is limited in describing the effectiveness of TM handoff in addressing these needs. Methods Our institution transitioned from using Microsoft Word document-based handoff to a Microsoft Sharepoint, browser-based handoff accessible via campus intranet or virtual private network (VPN). A verbal handoff accompanying the document remains unchanged. The previous Word document-based handoff followed the known structured communication framework (situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR)) structure for each patient. This document could only be concurrently edited by one user and was distributed via closed-loop encrypted email to ensure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance. The new Sharepoint-based handoff features an expanded format including patient name/medical record number (MRN), date of contact, category of service, history, assessment and a task (to-do) list. This site can be concurrently edited and viewed by multiple users. It is version-controlled and searchable. It is also customizable to enable tracking of issues that are not associated with a MRN, such as product inventory, on-call staffing, and product investigation. Six months following the handoff transition, trainees’ feedback towards both formats were solicited with a Likert scale-based survey. The survey was open to any trainee that had rotated on the TM service, regardless of whether they had experienced both handoff formats. Handoff measures that were surveyed included effectiveness at communicating important information, ease of use, time spent, impact on patient care, amount of detail, integration in patient management and general attitudes towards TM call. Trainee demographics were also collected. Results Out of 18 potential participants, 15 trainees responded to the survey. Trainees reported that the Word document-based handoff contained significantly more extraneous detail, took excessive time to write and required more time overall to draft compared to the Sharepoint-based handoff (all p=&amp;lt;0.05). They also found that the Sharepoint-based handoff was significantly easier to use compared to the Word document-based handoff (p=&amp;lt;0.05). Additionally, the Sharepoint-based handoff was reported to convey important information more effectively and reduced the duration of verbal handoff compared to the Word document-based handoff, though these were not statistically significant. Conclusions TM services have unique responsibilities and benefit from customized handoffs with discrete categories that reflect the TM service’s distinct role. Such structure can help create a more standardized, focused handoff that requires less drafting time and improves efficiency and user satisfaction.

Scientific concepts of development of public services in Ukraine

The scientific article is devoted to highlighting the state of scientific development of the provision of public services in Ukraine. The achievements of administrative scientists and approaches to understanding the categories of public and administrative services provided by public administration bodies are highlighted. The works of administrative scientists who paid considerable attention to the issue of providing administrative services in various spheres or to a specific subject were analyzed, namely: Bondarenko I.O. «Organizational and legal foundations of service provision in the field of customs affairs»; Bulkovskii T.O. «Quality management of the provision of administrative services by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; Vasylieva N.V. «Theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation and development of the system of providing administrative services at the regional level»; Voronyatnikov O.O. «Administrative and legal status of the State Migration Service of Ukraine»; Horbatyuk V.I. «Mechanisms for providing administrative services in the field of public finance management»; Dembytska S.L. «Legal principles of the provision of administrative services to the population of Ukraine by local self­government bodies»; Kostin O.Yu. «Administrative services provided by the State Border Service of Ukraine»; Mordvin I.A. «Administrative services of tax authorities of Ukraine»; V.V. Petovka «Legal regulation of the provision of administrative services in Ukraine»; Severin V.I. Administrative and legal principles of the provision of permit services by subjects of public administration; Skoromnyi Y.I. «Administrative services in agriculture of Ukraine; Sorokina I.S. «District State Administration as a Subject of Provision of Administrative Services»; Ter-Stepanyan O.V. «Administrative and legal principles of providing administrative services in the field of telecommunications and postal communication»; Khymychuk K.V. «Legal regulation of the provision of administrative services by the justice bodies of Ukraine», Pryimak L.I. «Public services in the activity of the State Tax Service of Ukraine: organizational and legal principles», etc. It was concluded that the attention of both scientists and practitioners is paid to the general principles of public service provision in Ukraine (the concept, essence of administrative services, principles of classification, quality assessment, etc.); the study of legal problems of public administration bodies has gained special development, the result of which is the introduction of a number of changes and additions to the current legislation that concerns the provision of public services; considerable attention is paid to the issue of providing public services in various areas or to a certain entity, etc. At the same time, the analysis of scientific publications, monographic studies, practical recommendations, as well as the results of the activities of public administration bodies on the provision of public services in Ukraine show that a complex scientific approach is needed to study the peculiarities of the provision of public services in Ukraine.

Mobile Apps for Vaccination Services: Content Analysis and Quality Assessment.

Vaccination services are increasingly in demand by the public, and mobile apps are an effective tool to meet that demand. However, the characteristics and quality of these apps are unknown. Commonly used vaccination service apps on the market were surveyed with regard to quality, service content, and user experience to evaluate and guide users. The Qimai Data mobile app data analytics platform was used to search for common vaccination service apps by keyword, and the WeChat and Alipay platforms were searched for apps. The apps included in the study were independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale, and the service content and user experience of the apps were analyzed. The intragroup correlation coefficient between raters was used to measure interrater reliability. In the app stores of the four major Android platforms and the iOS app store, 1092 and 207 apps were found, respectively; 189 WeChat applets and 30 Alipay applets were also found. A total of 29 apps was ultimately included in this study according to the inclusion criteria, including 21 independent apps, 4 WeChat applets, and 4 Alipay applets. Significant differences were found between independent apps and applets in terms of the quality score (t449.57=-5.301; P<.001) and the subjective quality score (z=-4.753; P<.001). No significant differences were found between iOS and Android platforms in terms of the quality score (t1404=-2.55; P=.80) and the subjective quality score (z=-0.137; P=.89). There was good intragroup consistency among the raters. In this study, independent apps and nonindependent apps that rely on social and payment platforms for implementation were included in the vaccination services category. The overall quality of these apps was acceptable. Nonindependent running apps were found to have slightly lower scores and showed room for improvement, and scores for the participatory apps were found to be generally low overall.

Evolution and Trends in the Dynamics of Services in Romania: Impacts on the National Economy

This article aims to explore the evolution and current trends in the field of services in Romania, analyzing the factors that have influenced the dynamics of this sector and the impact on the national economy. The investigation and research stage of this project focuses on the following aspects: the definition of services, the etymology of the concept and their evolution in Romania. The various categories of services, namely education, tourism, transport, post and telecommunications and health will be examined to highlight their variety and importance in the national economy. A crucial aspect in understanding the dynamics of services in Romania is the identification of the factors that influenced the development of this sector. At the same time, government policy and relevant legislation in the field of services will be investigated, examining the measures taken to support the development and competitiveness of this sector. Another important aspect of the project consists in evaluating the impact of the dynamics of services on the Romanian economy. The contribution of the service sector to the national Gross Domestic Product, employment, exports and regional development will be analyzed. We will also explore the opportunities and challenges facing service businesses in Romania and examine issues related to innovation, digitization and service quality in the context of international competition. Keywords: development, population, Romania, services

The impact of Ghana’s national health insurance exemption policies on healthcare-seeking behaviour

Countries all over the world are seeking to enhance the general well-being of their populations by instituting a prepayment health system in which people can access healthcare at any time without financial risks. In Ghana, the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) seeks to achieve this objective while leaving no one behind. To accelerate the country’s UHC agenda, the scheme was designed to also provide premium exemptions to the poor and vulnerable. While the exemption policy removes financial barriers to both subscription and healthcare, its impact on health-seeking is unknown. This study, therefore, sought to evaluate the impact of the premium exemption policies on healthcare-seeking behaviours. Data from the most recent round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) was used. A total sample of 8297 individuals were included in the analysis comprising 5686 rural and 2611 urban dwellers. We used the Lewbel instrumental variable technique to correct potential endogeneity problems. We found that NHIS exemption policies improved both general and formal healthcare-seeking. For general healthcare-seeking, the impact was driven by individuals exempted through under 18 and aged category. However, focusing on formal care, both exemption through under 18 or aged category as well as through indigents or Free Maternal Services category both improved healthcare-seeking. The magnitude of the impact was also greater for categories that were fully exempted and did not require any form of payment to subscribe. The findings call for a policy review to differentially target individuals living in areas with different economic and health system realities.

Measuring the Ecosystem Services Value of Kalimpong District (West Bengal), India with Respect to Land Use Land Cover Dynamicity

Ecosystem services may be defined as profits human gain from ecosystems and it provided four major categories of ecosystem services like cultural, regulating, provisioning, and supporting service also known as ecological integrity. Ecosystem is the main base for creation of service which is essential for people benefits. In this paper, LULC map of the district are prepared by satellite image landsat-5 for 1991 and landsat-8 for 2021 using ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. The district is characterised by seven categories of LULC like water bodies, build up area, agriculture land, agriculture plantation, agriculture fallow land, social forestry and forest. Forest cover area and agriculture plantation of district were reduced from 1991 to 2021 because forest cover area was 51.47 % in 1991 and 36.94 % in 2021 and area of agriculture plantation was 9.81% in 1991 and 7.49 % in 2021. The LULC map was applied along with coefficient of ecosystem service values of biomes that propounded by Costanza and his group 1997 and 2014 to understand the spatio-temporal transformation in the value of ecosystem service of landscape. The paper represents a total of US$ 3.83 million of ecosystem services was decreased as per Costanza and his group, 1997 and US$ 1.37 million of ecosystem services was increased as per Costanza and his group, 2014 due to LULC transformation from 1991 to 2021. Ecosystem service value of forest cover area was reduced. Coefficient of sensitivity analysis applied to evaluate the reliability of ecosystem service value and finally the output results are more reliable due to the value of coefficient of sensitivity is &lt;1 that indicates inelastic.

Empowering geoportals HCI with task-oriented chatbots through NLP and deep transfer learning

ABSTRACT In the past ten years, chatbot development has matured to become one of the most well-distinguished outcomes of artificial intelligence. Despite some criticism, Bing AI, ChatGPT and other natural language processing (NLP) products of similar nature are becoming more popular. The creation of chatbots can close several gaps in geographic information retrieval as well. This research introduces and successfully implements, for the first time, a model for integrating task-oriented chatbots into geoportals, with the goal of easing user requests, improving access to geospatial services, and fostering human-computer interactions (HCI). Additionally, it presents a novel recommendation solution for matching the most appropriate volunteer to the user’s geospatial needs based on expertise similarity, semantic similarity, and community feedback. The three categories of finding map services, discovering geoprocessing services, and volunteer expert recommendations were shown to be the most significant geoportal bot intents. Depending on the requirement, each intent additionally includes various entities such as time, place, description, skill, etc. The notion of deep transfer learning (DTL) was then put into practice by customizing a pre-trained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) model for our particular aim and creating a task-oriented conversational agent. According to the results, effective intent classification and entity recognition in the geospatial domain could arise from this approach. We performed the training process with 200 sample data, 20% of which were utilized in a stratified manner for testing, and we obtained f1-scores of at least 0.75. Finally, a pilot Geoportal Chabot that combines crowdsourcing and conversational agents’ approaches was put into use and tested with success. In keeping with SDI technical purposes, the system might direct users to common geospatial web services, namely WMS and WPS, in addition to including natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG) capabilities. Result of user-centered evaluation indicated that the integration of a chatbot significantly reduces the average time required to access geospatial data and processing services by more than 50%. Notably, this effect is even more pronounced when locating an expert, with a fivefold decrease in the time required. Finally, overall user satisfaction rose from 86% to 94%.

DRG payment for major pancreatic surgery: analysis of resource consumption and suggestions from a tertiary hospital in China.

To investigate the cost homogeneity within the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) "major operation of pancreas and liver, with general complications or comorbidities" (HB13), its cost-influencing factors, and to propose suggestions for better grouping efficacy. Medical and insurance settlement data of inpatients covered by the DRG payment system at the author's institution were collected from March 15, 2022 to December 31, 2023. The cost homogeneity of group HB13 was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV). Clinical factors that may have an impact on hospitalization cost for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery were identified through a semi-structured interview administered to the pancreatic surgeons in author's department, their significance was analyzed using multiple linear regression, along with their impact on the cost of different service categories. A proposal to subdivide HB13 was made and evaluated by CV and t-test. The CV of the HB13 group was 0.4. Robotic-assisted surgery and pancreaticoduodenectomy were two independent factors that significantly affected the total cost. Patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery have an average increase of 41,873 CNY in total cost, primarily derived from operation fee. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy have an average increase of 37,487 CNY in total cost, with significant increases across all service categories. HB13 was subdivided based on whether pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The newly formed groups exhibited lower CVs than the original HB13. The cost homogeneity of HB13 was lower than that of other DRG groups in author's department. It is recommended to introduce a supplementary payment for patients requiring robotic-assisted surgery, to guarantee their access to this advanced technology. It is recommended to establish a new group with higher payment standard for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. A tiered CV criterion for the evaluation of grouping efficacy is recommended to increase intra-group homogeneity, facilitating a better allocation of health insurance funds, and the prevention of unintended negative outcomes such as service cuts and cherry-picking.

Management Challanges In Healthcare Service Of Hospitals In India

The true values of human life are found in medicine and health care. Human life expectancy has grown as a result of their development, giving them a true dictatorship. Not only does the opening of hospitals or health centres impact the development of healthcare facilities, but their administration and management have a greater impact. Proper management of hospitals and health care centres would allow for the expansion of medical facilities with the least amount of investment. Any act or performance that is primarily intangible and does not lead to the ownership of anything is considered a service. By this view, the hospital offers us perishable, intangible medical and health care services. The service sector is highly diverse, and hospitals are no exception. They could be employed by the government, a private charity, or a commercial enterprise. The following adjectives best describe the qualities of the goods they sell: Kindness Paying attention and showing compassion. Any country's lifeline is its medical and health care facilities, which fall under the broad category of people-based services.

Management Challenges in Healthcare Service of Hospitals in India

The true values of human life are found in medicine and health care. Human life expectancy has grown as a result of their development, giving them a true dictatorship. Not only does the opening of hospitals or health centres impact the development of healthcare facilities, but their administration and management have a greater impact. Proper management of hospitals and health care centres would allow for the expansion of medical facilities with the least amount of investment. Any act or performance that is primarily intangible and does not lead to the ownership of anything is considered a service. By this view, the hospital offers us perishable, intangible medical and health care services. The service sector is highly diverse, and hospitals are no exception. They could be employed by the government, a private charity, or a commercial enterprise. The following adjectives best describe the qualities of the goods they sell: Kindness Paying attention and showing compassion. Any country's lifeline is its medical and health care facilities, which fall under the broad category of people-based services.

INTERPLAY OF NOSTALGIA AND MEMORABLE EXPERIENCES: A STUDY ON APPAREL

This study analyzed the relationship between nostalgia and memorable experiences on con­sumer purchase intention. While nostalgia was well-researched for Generation X and Y, there was a lack of understanding of how nostalgia influenced Generation Z brands and consumption pre­ferences. Nostalgia marketing has been popular for several years, and there was literature on pro­duct and service categories, such as movie remakes, band reunions, candy, and brands that have completed their life cycle and could be re-released to the market by appealing to consumers nos­tal­gia. It used a sample of 135 observations and sneakers stimuli advertising with nostalgic com­ponents. Results showed that nostalgia affected purchase intention directly and the retrieval of memorable experiences of using the apparel product. However, it did not translate to purchase intention. The results helped marketers identify courses of action to create effective commu­ni­ca­tion that triggers consumers' purchase intention who did not require product development.

Combining Servqual and Kano: Justification for Best Action and Its Selection Process

This study aims to enhance the existing literature on the integration of Servqual and Kano concepts by providing a comprehensive justification for recommending improvement actions to service attributes. By utilizing a theoretical service model that considers factors previously overlooked, such as the impact on revenue and cost, performance variability, diminishing marginal utility in consumption, and diminishing marginal product of resources, this study offers propositions and proofs for the best actions in each paired category of service attributes within the combined Servqual and Kano assessments. The findings are presented in the form of an evaluation table, which links each paired category of attribute with its respective optimal action. Importantly, this study introduces novel perspectives on the definition of the best action and the basis for its selection. Unlike previous works that solely focus on customer satisfaction, this research defines the best action from the perspective of the service provider whose primary goal is to maximize profit. The proposed procedure for determining the best action obtained in this study is more justifiable, as it relies less on the ambiguous process of correctly identifying the final categories of attributes in both models. To illustrate the new integration process, an example based on simulated data is also provided. Overall, this study contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive and justified approach to improving service attributes through the integration of Servqual and Kano concepts.

Peran Niat Pembelian Online Pada Media Sosial Instagram: Mediasi Advertising Attitude dan Advertising Clicks

The rapid growth of social media users in Indonesia has prompted researchers to identify factors that impact consumer purchase intentions through advertising click activities, such as informativeness, entertainment, irritation, emotional appeal, credibility, and privacy concerns mediated by advertising attitude. This research examines how informativeness, entertainment, emotional appeal, and privacy concerns simultaneously influence attitudes toward advertising and purchase intentions. This study employed a quantitative approach through an online survey with a sample of 321 respondents residing in major cities in Indonesia. This study applied purposive sampling with individual criteria as Instagram users were exposed to ads within the last month, and the data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results of this study show that advertising attitude fully mediates informativeness, entertainment, emotional appeal, and credibility toward advertising clicks, which drive purchase intentions. Meanwhile, irritation and privacy concerns have a negative impact on advertising attitudes. This research proved that Incentives have a direct influence on purchase intention. Suggestions for future researchers need to consider the classification of ad product or service categories so that advertisers can better understand consumer behavior and provide ad impression effectiveness according to the target audience

Future scenarios of palliative care in health system of Iran: a multi-method study.

Paying attention to palliative care has accelerated in Iran in the last 10 years. Considering the trend of aging, increasing burden of chronic diseases and increasing health costs, planning and development of palliative care is necessary in the future. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the alternative scenarios of palliative care in the health system of Iran until the horizon of 2030. This study was a multi-method scenario planning with a qualitative using multiple methods design, which was conducted in 3 phases in 2018-2020. In the first phase, a list of driving forces was extracted using qualitative interviews and literature review. In the second phase, all factors identified in the previous phase were examined in terms of degree of uncertainty and cross-impact analysis, and two key uncertainties were extracted. In the third phase, based on two key uncertainties, four future scenarios of palliative care were formulated, validated and scenario strategies were presented. The results indicate two uncertainties, including "governance of palliative care in the health system" and "acceptance of palliative care by society," based on which, four scenarios with the names "climbing to the top," "excruciating climb," "edge of the abyss" and "The bottom of the valley" were compiled. The development of palliative care in health system of Iran is faced with serious uncertainties that it is necessary to focus the developmental activities of palliative care on the two axes of acceptance by society and need for coherent governance by considering all the dimensions and influential components by ministry of health. The application of the results of this research can provide reasonable options for effective interventions and implementation of this category of services to the beneficiaries of palliative care.