Moderate Category Research Articles

COVID-19 inflammatory signature in a Mozambican cohort: unchanged red blood series and reduced levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines

Summary Background Alterations in haematological, biochemical parameters and cytokine levels, were reported in patients with COVID-19, however, there is an underrepresentation of the African population, which could provide evidence for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and useful tools for clinical management of cases. In this study, we aimed to determine the haematological, biochemical and cytokine profile in Mozambican individuals with SARS-CoV-2. Methods A cohort of 85 Mozambican individuals with RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results, was stratified into negative, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe categories. Haematological, biochemical and cytokines measurement were performed on samples from the study participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify similar patterns among the study cases. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were conducted to evaluate the ability of these parameters to distinguish severe from non-severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in peripheral blood absolute counts of total lymphocytes and eosinophils, below the reference values along with no abnormal change (p > 0.05) in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and other red series parameters. At the serum level, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and glucose above the reference values and to a significant reduction a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Tumour Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) and the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in severe cases, when compared to negative cases. Haematological, biochemical and cytokine profiles segregate severe from non-severe cases of COVID-19 with an excellent performance of C-RP (AUC = 0.95; p < 0.001) and good performance of lymphocytes (AUC = 0.88; p < 0.001) and IL-15 (AUC = 0.86; p < 0.001). Conclusion The lack of variation in red and platelet series, coupled with a decrease in the levels of classical pro-inflammatory in severe cases, deviates from what has been reported in other contexts suggesting, that there may be peculiarities in COVID-19 manifestation within the context of this study population. Furthermore, these results identify parameters with potential for clinical management of COVID-19 and therefore good resource allocation, particularly for severe cases.

Stres Akademik Siswa Full Day School di SMA N 1 Ampek Angkek

Academic stress is a condition where there is a mismatch between school demands and students' abilities so that students are burdened by various school or academic demands. The reality in the field is that there are students who experience academic stress in following the teaching and learning process at school, plus now many schools have implemented a full day school learning system, which makes students spend more time at school. This study aims to describe the academic stress of full day school students in high school from physical responses, emotional responses and behavioral responses.This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at SMA N 1 Ampek Angkek, with a population of 680 students and a sample of 282 students. Data was obtained by providing research instruments in the form of questionnaires to students. The results of the study were processed to find the percentage and then categorized according to the level of academic stress.The results of the study revealed that, first, the academic stress of SMA N 1 Ampek Angkek students was in the moderate category with a percentage of 43%. This means that SMA N 1 Ampek Angkek students have not been able to control the situation or conditions that cause stress related to academics. Second, academic stress of students related to physical responses is in the moderate category, Third, academic stress of high school students related to emotional responses is in the high category. Fourth, academic stress of high school students related to behavioral responses is in the high category. The implications in guidance and counseling services such as providing information services, individual counseling services, group guidance services and group counseling services.

Implementation of Contextual Learning Improves the Lighting Installation Learning Outcomes of Students of SMKN 1 Tomohon

This study is expected to improve learning outcomes. Electrical lighting installation for grade XII students using a contextual learning model during the 2022–2023 academic year. The study was conducted in two cycles, with planning, implementation, action, observation/evaluation, and reflection as components of each cycle. This study involved 30 grade XII TITL students. The collected data were analyzed through test techniques. It was analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study showed that the average student learning outcomes in cycle 1 in the electrical lighting installation component were 67.4% in the moderate category, which in cycle 2 increased to 80% in the high category, indicating an increase of 85.66%. Thus, the contextual learning model has been proven to improve the learning outcomes of grade XII TITL students at SMKN 1 Tomohon in the 2022–2023 academic year.

Christian leaders as salt and light in realizing religious moderation in Banyumas Regency

This study aimed to determine the level of implementation of the salt of the earth and the light of the world, the most dominant dimensions and backgrounds that influence the level of implementation of the salt of the earth and the light of the world based on Matthew 5:13-16, in order to realize religious moderation for the administrators of the Interfaith Harmony Forum (FKUB) and Christian Leaders in Banyumas Regency. From the results of the pre-survey, indications were found that there are still Christian leaders who have not implemented the salt of the earth and the light of the world. This study uses a quantitative method, by measuring Two Dimensions (D) in the concept of implementing the salt of the earth and the light of the world based on Matthew 5:13-16. The results of the study show that first, the level of implementation of the salt of the earth and the light of the world is in the moderate category. Second, the most dominant dimension is becoming the Light of the World (D2). The third dominant background category is the Length of Time as an Administrator / Serving (I10). Therefore, the level of implementation of the salt of the earth and the light of the world among the administrators of the Interfaith Harmony Forum (FKUB) and Christian leaders in order to realize religious moderation in Banyumas Regency needs to be increased, so that in the future it can be higher, and produce better quality of religious moderation for Christians and society in Banyumas Regency.

Differences in heroin overdose risk associated with the unregulated drug market: Insights from a supervised injecting facility in Melbourne, Australia

AbstractAimsTo determine the contribution that variation in the unregulated drug market has on the risk of heroin overdose across individuals with different levels of personal overdose risk.DesignA retrospective cohort study of heroin injecting episodes and overdose cases were examined over a 12‐month period between 30 June 2022 and 30 June 2023.SettingThe Medically Supervised Injecting Room in Melbourne, Australia.Cases1474 witnessed heroin overdose cases were examined amongst a cohort of 337 individuals who were predominantly male (n = 276, 81.7%) with a median age of 43.5 years (interquartile range 37.25–49.00 years, range 20–75 years).MeasurementsThe daily overdose rate was used to differentiate High and Low daily overdose risk categories. The number of overdose events that an individual experienced during the study period was used to differentiate people into Standard, Moderate and High personal overdose risk categories. Each overdose case was differentiated by the personal overdose risk of the individual who experienced the overdose, as well as the overdose risk of the day that overdose occurred. A stratified overdose risk profile was then derived across the nine different daily overdose risk and personal overdose risk categories.FindingsThe rate of overdose approximately doubled on High overdose risk days compared with Standard overdose risk days, increasing by a factor of 2.11, 2.41 and 2.03 times for individuals in the Standard, Moderate and High personal overdose risk groups. Conversely, the rate of overdose was also substantially reduced on Low overdose risk days to a factor of 0.17, 0.28 and 0.20, respectively.ConclusionAmong heroin users in Melbourne, Australia, there is an approximately 10‐times difference in the risk of overdose on some days compared with others, which appears to be attributable to the effects of the unregulated drug market and not the effects of variation in personal overdose risk of individuals.

Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Oscillation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated Early (OSCILLATE) Trial

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether different subgroups of adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) respond differently to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). DESIGN: The Oscillation for ARDS Treated Early (OSCILLATE) trial was a randomized controlled trial of HFOV vs. conventional ventilation that found an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (primary outcome) with HFOV. In a post hoc analysis, we applied three different approaches to evaluate heterogeneity of treatment effect for in-hospital mortality: 1) subgroup analyses based on baseline Pao 2:Fio 2 ratio and oxygenation index (OI); 2) a risk-based approach using a multivariable outcome prediction model; and 3) a clustering approach via multivariable latent class analysis. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess for interaction. SETTING: Thirty-nine ICUs, five countries. SUBJECTS: Five hundred forty-eight adults with moderate to severe ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: HFOV vs. conventional mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume and higher positive end-expiratory pressure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The effect of HFOV on in-hospital mortality was consistent across categories of Pao 2:Fio 2 ratio (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.32–3.17 and aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.49–2.75 for groups with Pao 2:Fio 2 above or equal to 80, vs. below 80, respectively; interaction p = 0.23) and OI (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 0.67–4.70; aOR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.44–7.09; aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.82–3.65; and aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.61–2.90 for quartiles of baseline OI, respectively; interaction p = 0.44). Point estimates for the effect of HFOV were consistent across risk categories (aOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 0.40–14.83; aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.75–3.85; and aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 0.59–7.54 for the lowest, moderate, and highest risk categories, respectively; interaction p = 0.32). Using a clustering approach, point estimates for HFOV were also consistent (cluster 1: aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.15–3.00 and cluster 2: aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.91–3.38; interaction p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify heterogeneity in the effect of HFOV across different subgroups of patients with ARDS.

Role of Serum Ferritin and Prediction of Neurological Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background: Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is an abrupt onset of neurological deficiency caused by a specific vascular aetiology. Aim: This study aimed to assess the role of serum ferritin in acute ischaemic stroke patients to correlate serum ferritin and neurological scales on the day of admission and during follow-up and to predict neurological outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 patients who presented with acute ischaemic stroke clinically and with radiological imaging in the General Medicine and Neurology departments of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for 18 months. Functional disability was assessed for all patients after 3 months based on the correlation of serum ferritin levels with the neurological scales, and the outcome was estimated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.45 ± 14.39. The serum ferritin level and Canadian Stroke Scale score during admission on day 7th and day 30th, were significantly different (p < 0.01). Serum ferritin levels were positively associated with the Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission and on the 7th and 30th days after admission. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in the moderate category under all circumstances (p < 0.01). Patients with mRS scores of 2, 3, and 4 were compared with serum ferritin levels and found to be significantly associated with serum ferritin levels. Conclusion: This study found that patients with higher serum ferritin levels experienced increased stroke severity and lower GCS and mRS scores, which correlated with increased morbidity.

Analysis of Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability in Terms of Multiple Intelligence, Cognitive Style and Learning Style of Junior High School Students

This study aims to describe: (1) the mathematical problem-solving ability of Sleman Regency's JHS students, (2) whether there is a difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of multiple intelligence, (3) whether there is a difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of cognitive style, (4) whether there is a difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of learning style, and (5) whether there is an interaction between multiple intelligences, cognitive style and learning style. The research method used is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The research population is JHS students in the 2023/2024 school year in Sleman. The sample is 434 students, determined using a stratified proportional random sampling technique. The instruments used were a mathematical problem-solving ability test, a GEFT test, a multiple intelligence questionnaire, and a learning style questionnaire. The data analysis is descriptive statistics to determine students' mathematical problem-solving ability level and inferential statistics using a three-way ANOVA test to describe students' mathematical problem-solving ability's differences in terms of multiple intelligence, cognitive style and learning style, and to describe the interaction between multiple intelligences, cognitive style and learning style. The analysis showed that: (1) the mathematical problem-solving ability average score of Sleman's JHS students is 53.49 which is in the moderate category, (2) there is no difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of multiple intelligence, (3) there is a difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of cognitive style, (4) there is no difference in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in terms of learning style, and (5) there is no interaction between multiple intelligence, cognitive style and learning style of students.

Hubungan antara Gratitude dengan Subjective Well-being Guru Honorer Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang

This study aims to explore the connection between gratitude and subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers in Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Special education plays a crucial role in supporting the development of children with special needs, where special school teachers significantly contribute to their educational progress. Many challenges faced by honorary teachers, including an income that does not align with their workload, often lead to stress and fatigue, affecting their subjective well-being. Gratitude is one factor that may positively influence subjective well-being. The study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design, using a sample of 50 honorary teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale and analyzed with the Pearson product-moment correlation test. The findings indicate that: a) the average level of gratitude among honorary special school teachers falls within the low category (42%), followed by moderate (40%) and high categories (18%); b) the average level of subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers is also low (62%), followed by moderate (34%) and high (4%); and c) the correlation analysis shows a Pearson coefficient of 0.740 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, demonstrating a positive and significant relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being. The results suggest that a higher level of gratitude correlates with higher subjective well-being among teachers.

Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model: improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking

Good concept mastery through critical thinking using various approaches, models, strategies, and methods of learning German is essential for the Education 4.0 era. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of German language students at Pattimura University using collaborative learning that combines SchneeballWirbelgruppe learning. A one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 13 second-semester students in the academic year 2019/2020 was used. Furthermore, an essay test was used as an instrument while the data was analyzed using descriptive methods (N-gain test) and inferential methods (paired t-test). The descriptive analysis showed that the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of students were in the high and moderate categories. The paired t-test results showed a difference between the pretest and posttest using Schneeball-Wirbelgruppe learning model. Therefore, collaborative learning has a positive impact on improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking skills in learning phonology and morphology courses. As for the implications of this research, the Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model is recommended as a learning model that can be applied to other concepts in German language learning.

Assessment of the water quality pollution index and ecological risk of microplastic pollution along the Tambakoso River in Surabaya, Indonesia

Increasing human activities and improper waste disposal will cause microplastic pollution in surface water. This study analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics, pollution index based on water quality and its relationship with microplastic pollution, and the potential ecological risk of microplastics along the Tambakoso River which is influenced by various land uses of housing, industry, agriculture, and ponds from 16 sampling points. The average abundance of microplastics in the river was 91.80 particles/L. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there were significant differences between microplastic pollution at each sampling location (Pvalue <0.05). In general, microplastics were mostly found in the form of fragments (48.36 %), transparent color (73.81 %), SMP size (<1 mm) (81.6 %), and dominated by PVC and nylon polymers. However, the characteristics of microplastics at each sampling location varied. The water quality pollution index value showed a slightly polluted category at most points. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the characteristics of the shape and color of microplastics correlated with water quality parameters. The potential ecological risk based on microplastic pollution showed minor, moderate, and high categories at points with industrial land use. This indicates that the distribution of microplastics is closely related to human activities in the area. The level of ecological risk from microplastics depends on the percentage of each plastic polymer, along with its abundance in the environment. This study offers an important basis for designing efficient countermeasures to reduce microplastic pollution and improve water quality in surface waters.

Development of Socioscientific-Issue-Based Electronic Modules on Virus Material to Increase Interest and Argumentation Skills

This study aims to produce an electronic module based on socioscientific issues that is feasible to improve students' interest and argumentation skills. This research is development research with the ADDIE method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The product to be developed is an electronic module based on Socioscientific Issues on virus material. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, learning interest questionnaires. The resulting product is then validated by material experts and media experts, and a limited trial is carried out. Based on the results of the development of an electronic module based on socioscientific issues, it is concluded that the electronic module is feasible to be used for biology learning in terms of the assessment of material experts with an average value of 3.11 (very feasible) and the assessment of media experts with an average value of 3.77 (very feasible). And it is effective for increasing students' interest in learning as seen from the n-gains value of 0.55 with a moderate category and to improve students' argumentation skills with an n-gains value of 0.4 with a moderate category.

The Effectiveness of the Games Based Learning Model Using LUAK Game Media (Physics Kid’s Ludo) on Understanding Concepts in the Material on Climate Change and Global Warming

This study aims to improve students' conceptual understanding by implementing a game based learning model using the LUAK (Ludonya Anak Fisika) game media on climate change and global warming material. Concept understanding data were collected through a test using a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design involving one class in class X with a total of 36 students, but the researcher only used 32 students because 4 students had other roles to help researchers in conducting treatment in class. Then the data analysis techniques used were N-Gain analysis and effect size analysis. Hypothesis testing used normality test, homogeneity test, and Wilcoxon test (non-parametric test). The results showed that the class that applied the game based learning model using the LUAK (Ludonya Anak Fisika) game media had an N-Gain value of understanding ability of &lt;g&gt; = 0.54 which was included in the moderate category. Meanwhile, the calculation result of Effect Size of understanding ability with a value of 2.22 which is included in the very high category. Thus, the application of game based learning model is considered effective for understanding ability in climate change and global warming material. Additionally, students provided positive feedback after using this game-based learning model.

Development of Canva-Based Science Infographic Learning Media to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes

The aim of this research is to develop, test the feasibility, and effectiveness of Canva-based infographic learning media. This type of research and development (R&amp;D) development research with the ADDIE development model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The research subjects were fourth grade students totaling 25 students, data collection techniques with observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation data. The results of media expert validation show a percentage value of 88.3% very feasible category, material experts with a percentage value of 86.66% very feasible category. Based on the pretest-posttest results, it is known that Canva-based infographic media is effective in improving student learning outcomes, which is indicated by an increase in the average pretest score from 52 to 80 on the posttest, with an N-Gain test result of 0.58 in the moderate category. Based on the response questionnaire distributed, a very positive response was obtained from teachers and students. From these results, it can be concluded that Canva-based infographic learning media is effective in improving student learning outcomes and is feasible and practical to use in IPAS learning on respiratory system material in grade V SD Negeri Tambakaji 05.

Development of Android-Based Learning Media Using App Inventor to Improve Student’s Learning Outcomes for Dynamic Fluid Materials

Technology plays a great role in education, particularly in facilitating creative and innovative approaches to physics learning. This study focuses on developing Android-based learning media using App Inventor for dynamic fluid materials. This Research and Development (R&amp;D) was based on the Jan Van Den Akker model. The development stages covered preliminary research, needs analysis, prototyping, summative evaluation, and reflection and documentation. Data on the effectiveness and practicality of the developed media were obtained from questionnaires distributed to experts, teachers, and students. Data were analyzed using N-Gain tests and obtained a score of 0.63 which is in the moderate category. The developed learning media has a high level of effectiveness in improving students’ understanding of dynamic fluid materials. The results of this study indicate the potential to expand the application of technology in learning to improve quality and sustainable innovation in physics learning.

Exploring the Relationship Between Visceral Fat and Coronary Artery Calcification Risk Using Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF)

Background: Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) is a novel indicator for estimating intra-abdominal fat, yet its connection with coronary artery calcification (CAC) remains uncharted. Our research aims to explore the novel METS-VF indicator’s link to CAC while comparing its performance against relevant anthropometric indices. Methods: This study enrolled participants who underwent health checkups and computed tomography scans for categorizing severity of CAC using the coronary artery calcium score. The METS-VF was calculated and compared with anthropometric indices in estimating the presence of CAC and different CAC severity using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: Overall, 1217 participants (mean age 50.7 ± 9.9, 53.8% male) were included. METS-VF (odds ratio [OR], 1.506; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.181–1.921; p = 0.001) was positively associated with the presence of CAC, even after accounting for cardiometabolic factors. Notably, METS-VF was positively associated with mild (OR, 1.450; 95% CI, 1.115–1.886; p = 0.006), moderate (OR, 1.865; 95% CI, 1.137–3.062; p = 0.014), and severe (OR, 2.316; 95% CI, 1.090–4.923; p = 0.029) CAC. Moreover, METS-VF yielded the highest area under curve (AUC) value in the estimation of the CAC presence (AUC = 0.710), mild (AUC = 0.682), moderate (AUC = 0.757), and severe (AUC = 0.807) CAC when compared with body mass index, waist circumference, visceral adiposity index, triglyceride–glucose index, and metabolic score for insulin resistance. The optimal METS-VF cut-off value was 6.4 for predicting CAC. Conclusions: METS-VF emerged as a strong independent marker for detecting CAC presence across mild, moderate, and severe CAC categories, outperforming major anthropometric indices in accurately estimating the presence of CAC and different severity of CAC.

Physical condition test for central Sulawesi province rock climbing athletes in preparation for prapon 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical condition of rock climbing athletes in Central Sulawesi Province in preparation for Prapon 2023. The method used in this study is descriptive research. The sample in this study was 15 athletes consisting of 8 female athletes and 7 male athletes. The instruments used to measure the physical condition of rock climbing athletes were Speed ​​​​(30-meter run), Strength (60-second push-up, 60-second sit-up, 60-second pull-up, handgrip), Explosive Power (vertical jump), Flexibility (sit &amp; reach), Reaction (hand and foot reaction), Agility (4x10-meter shuttle run), Endurance (Bleep Test). Of the 15 rock climbing athletes, 0 athletes (0%) were in the Very Good category, 4 athletes (26.67%) were in the Good category, 10 athletes (66.67%) were in the Moderate category, there was 1 athlete (6.66%) in the Less category, and there were 0 athletes (0%) in the Very Less category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the physical condition of rock climbing athletes in Central Sulawesi Province is in the moderate category.

Antibacterial Activity Of Staphylococcus aureus From Chinese Betel Leaf Juice (Peperomia pellucida L.)

Infectious diseases, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, are a common health problem, one of which is caused by bacteria. This study tested the antibacterial activity of Chinese betel leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, with secondary metabolite content such as alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids that act as antibacterials. This study was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design with three repetitions at five concentrations of extract, as well as one positive and negative control. The method used was the agar diffusion method, and the test results showed that Chinese betel leaf extract had antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations tested. The concentrations used were 6µL/disc, 8µL/disc, 10µL/disc, 12µL/disc, and 14µL/disc, where all these categories produced inhibition zones included in the moderate category according to Susanto (2012). Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test produced a significant value of 0.035 (&lt;0.05), indicating a significant difference between each concentration tested. From the research results, it can be concluded that Chinese betel leaf extract has effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES AND UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS IN QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

The research teka-teki is that students are experiencing difficulties in understanding the concept of quadratic functions. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between learning styles and mathematical concept understanding in solving quadratic function problems among 9th grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Ulunoyo. This research adopts indah ambang quantitative approach with indah ambang correlational study type. The population in this study consists of 20 9th grade students from SMP Negeri 3 Ulunoyo, and the sampling technique used is besaran sampling. The instruments used are questionnaires and tests of mathematical concept understanding. Based on the research results, indah ambang correlation coefficient of 0.64 was obtained, indicating indah ambang positive and strong correlation. The coefficient of determination is 40.96%, showing that the contribution of learning styles to concept understanding is 40.96%, with the remaining contribution attributed to other factors. The calculated t-value is 3.50324, and to determine the critical t-value at indah ambang 0.05% significance taraf, the t-table value is 2.100922. Since the calculated t-value (3.50324) is greater than the t-table value (2.100922), it can be concluded that there is indah ambang relationship between learning styles and mathematical concept understanding among 9th grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Ulunoyo, with the correlation taraf falling into the moderate category. Therefore, the researcher suggests (1) students should recognize their own learning styles and optimize them to facilitate better learning and achieve optimal performance, and (2) teachers are encouraged to adapt their teaching styles to meet the needs of all students, not just those with specific learning styles.

INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DAN PERSEPSI REMAJA TENTANG CITRA TUBUH IDEAL

The intensity of social media (Instagram) usage is how long and how often someone accesses it. The duration of accessing Instagram often triggers perceptions about ideal body image in society. The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of the intensity of Instagram social media usage on adolescents' perceptions about ideal body image at SMA Negeri 4 Purwokerto. The research method used is a non-experimental quantitative research type with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 124 students. The research instruments included a questionnaire that measured the intensity of Instagram usage using a scale adapted from previous researchers and the perception of ideal body image using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) measuring instrument. The test results using SPSS version 25, the characteristics of the respondents were mostly female (72.6%), the intensity of Instagram usage and adolescents' perceptions about body image were in the moderate category, 73.4% and 60.5%, respectively. The results of the Spearman rank test showed a p value of 0.004 (&lt;0.05) so that H1 was accepted and H2 was rejected. Thus, there is an influence between the intensity of Instagram use and ideal body image with a significance value of 0.004 &lt;0.05, so it can be concluded that the two variables are correlated with a correlation coefficient value of 0.259, which means that the level of relationship between the two variables is in a very weak relationship.