Cataract Symptoms Research Articles

Managing Traumatic Cataract in the Left Eye Following Blunt Trauma

Cataract is an opacity of the lens that causes a progressive decrease in visual acuity. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in the world and can be caused by many factors. This case report aims to identify and recognize the symptoms of cataract and appropriate management in a patient with traumatic cataract. A 54-year-old male patient came to the Eye Polyclinic of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital Banda Aceh with complaints of blurred vision in the left eye like a fog that has been felt since 8 months ago after an accident and the left eye was hit by a motorcycle handlebar where the patient felt the complaint worsened in the past 2 months. Initially the patient felt glare when looking at light or car lights at night. On ophthalmologic status examination, it was found that the OS visus was 1/300 and the OS lens was cloudy. The patient was diagnosed with traumatic cataract OS ec blunt trauma. The management performed on the patient was lens extraction using the small incision cataract surgery (SICS) method and intraocular lens (IOL) insertion. The patient's vision improvement after cataract surgery was 5/24 at the first follow-up, 5/18 at the second follow-up, 5/9 at the third follow-up and there were no other ocular abnormalities due to trauma.

Visual Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Previous History of Implantable Collamer Lens.

Background/Objectives: This retrospective case series analyzed visual outcomes in patients with a prior history of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation who underwent cataract extraction (CE). A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between vault height and the rate of cataract development. Methods: Visual acuity and refraction measurements were collected after CE at one week, one month and six months. Vault height measurements were correlated to the time until symptomatic cataracts were removed. Results: A total of 44 eyes were analyzed at six months after CE with efficacy and safety indexes of 1.20 ± 1.11 and 1.50 ± 1.06, respectively. In addition, 70% of eyes had a post-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) within one line of pre-operative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Refractive predictability at six months demonstrated that 43% and 69% of eyes were within ±0.25 D and ±0.50 D of SEQ target, respectively. Astigmatism measured by refractive cylinder was ≤0.25 D in 17% and ≤0.50 D in 34% of eyes pre-operatively compared to 40% and 60% of eyes, respectively, at six months post-operatively. Vault heights one week after ICL (p < 0.0081) and one week before CE (p < 0.0154) demonstrated a positive linear regression with the time until CE. Conclusions: This sample population achieved favorable visual outcomes six months after CE, similar to six months after ICL implantation. Patients with a history of ICL implantation will similarly have a good visual prognosis after CE.

CATARACT SYMPTOMS SCALE AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR VISION DISORDERS DUE TO CATARACT BY NON-MEDICAL CADRES

Introduction: Cataract is an eye disease with clouding of the lens causing visual interference. Blindness due to cataracts is still the leading cause of blindness in the world. Cataract screening using the questionnaire integrated interview method can be an easy instrument for non-medical cadres to use. Cataract Symptoms Scale (CSS) is a complaint-based questionnaire in cataract patients which is used to screen for visual disturbances due to cataracts.&#x0D; Objective: To find out whether CSS has good validity as a screening tool for visual impairment due to cataracts by non-medical cadres.&#x0D; Methods: This study used a diagnostic test to assess the accuracy of CSS. All respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as research subjects.&#x0D; Results: 151 respondents included in the vision screening activity of the Community Ophthalmology Unit of Cicendo Eye Hospital. Respondents with cataracts in this study amounted to 59 (39.07%) and non-cataracts amounted to 92 (40.93%). The most complaints of respondents were blurry with 145 complaints and the least complaints were changes in the color of objects, namely 36 complaints. The CSS questionnaire sensitivity value of 61.01% indicates a weak value statistically. The specificity value of 78.26% indicates a moderate specificity value statistically. The positive predictive value of 64.28% indicates a statistically weak NDP value. The negative predictive value of 75.78% indicates a statistically moderate value. The value of accuracy is 71.52% statistically moderate.&#x0D; Conclusions: The Cataract Symptoms Scale has poor validity to be used by non-medical cadres as a screening tool for patients with visual impairment due to cataracts. Further research is needed by adjusting the components of the questionnaire and adding variables such as visual acuity and cataract laterality.

Optimising Cataract Detection in Fundus Images through EfficientNet-Based Classification

Turbidity of the lens of the eyeball that causes blindness or loss of vision is known as a cataract. By diagnosing the causes and symptoms of cataracts, early detection helps patients in prevention and treatment. The purpose of the research was to classify the image of the fundus into two classes: normal and cataract. The study also looked at how the optimizers for stochastic gradient descent, adaptive moment estimation, root mean square propagation, adaptive gradient algorithm, adaptive delta, and Nesterov-accelerated adaptive moment estimation stacked up against each other. We used the EfficientNet architecture in CNN and preprocessed the normal fundus and cataract fundus images by dividing each into training data (N = 80) and validation data (N = 20) from the Kaggle repository. We added test data from the normal fondus image (N =20) to see the accuracy of the results. We get 100% accuracy of training data, 87% and 77% validation data, and 100% and 95% test data.

Single-center experience of congenital disorders of glycosylation syndrome screening in Tunisia: A retrospective study over a 15-year period (2007–2021)

BackgroundWe report the results gathered over 15 years of screening for congenital disorders of glycosylation syndrome (CDGS) in Tunisia according to clinical and biochemical characteristics. MethodsOur laboratory received 1055 analysis requests from various departments and hospitals, for children with a clinical suspicion of CDGS. The screening was carried out through separation of transferrin isoforms by capillary zone electrophoresis. ResultsDuring the 15-year period, 23 patients were diagnosed with CDGS (19 patients with CDG-Ia, three patients with CDG-IIx, and one patient with CDG-X). These patients included 13 boys and 10 girls aged between 3 months and 13 years, comprising 2.18 % of the total 1055 patients screened. The incidence for CDGS was estimated to be 1:23,720 live births (4.21 per 100,000) in Tunisia. The main clinical symptoms related to clinical disease state in newborn and younger patients were psychomotor retardation (91 %), cerebellar atrophy (91 %), ataxia (61 %), strabismus (48 %), dysmorphic symptoms (52 %), retinitis pigmentosa, cataract (35 %), hypotonia (30 %), and other symptoms. ConclusionIn Tunisia, CDGS still remains underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The resemblance to other diseases, especially neurological disorders, and physicians’ unawareness of the existence of these diseases are the main reasons for the underdiagnosis. In routine diagnostics, the screening for CDGS by biochemical tests is mandatory to complete the clinical diagnosis.

Effect of Preoperative Trabecular Meshwork Pigmentation and Other Eye Characteristics on Outcomes of Combined Phacoemulsification/Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery

PurposeTo investigate associations between pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork (PTM) and other preoperative eye characteristics and outcomes of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco/MIGS). DesignRetrospective interventional case series. ParticipantsAcademic glaucoma clinic patients with symptomatic cataract and glaucoma treated with combined Phaco/MIGS. MethodsAnalyzing preoperative PTM, intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP-lowering medications and visual acuity (VA) data in relation to Phaco/MIGS outcomes. Main Outcome MeasuresPTM and other preoperative eye characteristics in relation to Phaco/MIGS success defined as postoperative IOP between 5-21 mmHg and IOP reduction of ≥20% and/or a reduction of ≥1 IOP-medications compared to baseline, and final IOP, IOP-lowering medications and VA. Results265 eyes (172 patients, mean age, 73.5 [SD, 10.0], range 35-95 years, male 40.0%) were identified and categorized with high PTM (108 eyes, 40.8%) or low PTM (157 eyes, 59.2%). The high PTM group, compared with the low PTM group, demonstrated higher preoperative IOP (16.7 [SE 0.4] vs. 15.2 [0.4] mmHg, p=0.009), included more eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, p=0.03), fewer eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, p=0.01), and fewer eyes with mild stage glaucoma (p=0.001). Compared to baseline, final IOP decreased by 6.5 [2.4]% and 13.4 [3.0]% (p=0.075) to 13.5 [0.3] mmHg and 13.6 [0.4] mmHg (p=0.77) in the low and high PTM groups, respectively, and IOP-lowering medications decreased by 34.6 [4.9]% (n=116) and 18.1 [7.3]% (n=85), respectively (p=0.062). Surgical success was 59.9% and 58.3%, respectively (p=0.87). It was positively associated with higher preoperative IOP (Hazard Ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.04-1.12] p<0.0001) and higher number of preoperative IOP-medications (1.20 [1.05-1.37] p=0.007), negatively associated with history of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT, 0.40 [0.23-0.68] p=0.0009) and longer axial length (0.87 [0.80-0.94], p=0.0006), but was not associated with PTM. ConclusionsHigher PTM was associated with POAG rather than NTG, with more severe glaucoma and higher preoperative IOP, but not with Phaco/MIGS success. Surgical success was positively associated with higher preoperative IOP and number of IOP-medications and negatively associated with history of SLT and longer axial length. These findings may help guide glaucoma surgeons in surgical planning and patient counselling.

Effect of Kachayapanam Kuzhambu Anjana in the Management of Kaphaja Kacha(immature Cataract)

INTRODUCTION :-Kacha is one among the Dristigata roga of Netraroga explained in Ayurvedic classics. When the dosas gets localized in the 3rd Patala of netra, the person gets the disease called Kacha, in which he sees objects present above but not below, objects seen are covered with thin cloth, area of vision assumes the colour related to dosha and gradually the vision diminishes. Immature cataract is charecterized by a variable amount of opacification, present in certain areas of lens. It is a vision impairing disease charecterised by gradual progressive loss of vision. It is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.MATERIALS AND METHODS:- A patient with presenting symptoms of kaphaja kacha or immature cataract was selected from the Shalakya Tantra OPD of ITRA Jamnagar. Both internal as well as local treatments were given to the patient.RESULTS:- Patient showed marked improvement in the Visual Acuity both aided and unaided after 3 months of treatment.DISCUSSION:-Anjana is one among the Netra Kriyakalpas in which medicine is applied as collyrium in the eyes. It is administered only when the Amavastha is removed and the dosas are localised only on the eyes. In this case Anjana played a major role in reducing and controlling the progress of immature cataract or Kacha.

Position of the ISTENT Inject® Trabecular Micro-Bypass System Visualized with the NIDEK GS-1 Gonioscope-A Postoperative Analysis.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness globally and is characterized by the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells. The primary risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Numerous surgical interventions exist to lower IOP should conservative therapy fail. One trend in recent years has been minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) as an alternative to traditional methods. The ISTENT inject® is an ab interno trabecular micro-bypass implant designed to be implanted through the trabecular meshwork into the Schlemm's canal to lower IOP. The aim of the study was the postoperative visualization and description of the positioning of the ISTENT inject® using automated circumferential goniophotography. Patients with symptomatic cataracts and mild to moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX), and pigment-dispersion glaucoma were included who underwent combined cataract surgery with the ISTENT inject® and received postoperative automated gonioscopy with the NIDEK Gonioscope GS-1 to visualize the location of the implant. Twenty-four implants of 14 eyes in 11 patients could be visualized. Out of the implants, 14.3% were in the trabecular meshwork, 46.4% were at the border between the trabecular meshwork and scleral spur, 25% were below the trabecular meshwork, and 14.3% of the implants were not detectable in the gonioscopy. In the overall cohort, a statistically significant IOP reduction was found over the 12-month postoperative observation period. Even in three eyes, in each of which both stents were located below the trabecular meshwork, an IOP reduction over 12 months was observed compared to the baseline IOP. In this study, vertical two-dimensional positioning of the ISTENT inject® was performed for the first time using NIDKE GS-1 automated 360° goniophotography. The method is suitable for postoperative visualization, control, and documentation of positioning after ISTENT inject® implantation. Further studies are needed to analyze the correlation between positioning of the ISTENT inject® in the chamber angle and postoperative IOP reduction.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Katarak dengan Metode Certainty Factor

The eye is one of the most vital parts of the human body, which of course must be maintained. Unhealthy eyes will have a bad impact on the sufferer because it can interfere with the sufferer's activity process. One of the simplest and most common eye diseases suffered by humans is cataracts. Symptoms of cataracts occur painlessly so that many sufferers do not realize that they have cataracts. In Indonesia, the main cause of visual impairment and blindness is cataracts. Cases of blindness caused by cataracts occur due to a condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cataracts do not only occur at an early age but at all ages even though cataracts are a type of blindness that can be avoided and can be cured through treatment. Therefore an expert system is needed to help diagnose cataracts so that prevention can be done as much as possible. One method that can be used by expert systems is the assurance factor method. The advantage of the assurance factor method is that it can provide settlement solutions with the value of disease symptoms given by experts. With the superiority of the assurance factor method, this study will discuss the application of the assurance factor in the diagnosis of cataracts. To diagnose cataracts, there are 18 symptoms with 3 types of disease, namely congenital, juvenile, and traumatic cataracts. This study used 5 data tests based on the symptoms felt by people with cataracts to produce accurate predictions for each type of cataract where 86.0762% congenital cataracts in the first test data, 94.0595% juvenile cataracts in the second test data, 92.5128% traumatic cataracts in the third test data, 92.2440 % juvenile cataracts in the fourth test data, and 90.2080% juvenile cataracts in the fifth test data.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Phacoemulsification + Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation Laser versus Phacoemulsification Alone for the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Patients with Cataract (CONCEPT): Study Methodology

To describe the methodology of the Comparing the Effectiveness of Phacoemulsification+ Endoscopic Photocoagulation Laser and Phacoemulsification Alone for the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Patients with Cataract (CONCEPT) study, a randomized controlled trial. Double-masked, randomized controlled trial. Participants will be recruited from 5 United Kingdom-based centers. One hundred and sixty eyes with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma and visually significant cataract will be included. Eighty eyes will be randomized to undergo cataract surgery alone and eighty to undergo cataract surgery with endoscopic cytophotocoagulation (ECP). The baseline diurnal washout intraocular pressure (IOP) will be measured. The participants will be randomized to undergo cataract surgery alone or cataract surgery with ECP upon completion of uncomplicated cataract surgery. At the 1- and 2-year post surgery follow-up visits, the measurements of washout diurnal IOP will be repeated. Diurnal washout IOP, use of glaucoma medications, and adverse events. We described the methodology of the first randomized controlled trial comparing cataract surgery alone with cataract surgery combined with ECP in the context of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and symptomatic cataract. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Use of Informational Brochures on Knowledge of Cataracts in Rural Ecuador.

Background Cataracts are the leading global cause of preventable blindness. Despite the high prevalence of cataracts in rural Ecuadorian communities, no community-wide educational efforts on the impact of cataract-related blindness have been attempted. This study used an educational brochure to assess individual knowledge of cataract blindness before and after the distribution of the brochure. Methods We conducted electronic surveys with 100 patients over the age of 18 who visited the Fundacion Internacional Buen Samaritano Paul Martel (FIBUSPAM) clinic serving the Chimborazo region of Ecuador. Participation in the study included an introduction and written consent followed by a pre-survey. Every patient was given a brochure. After reviewing the brochure, patients were then asked to complete the same survey again. Each survey question received one mark. Knowledge was considered "good" if the subject correctly answered four out of seven questions and "poor" if they scored ≤3. Results Of the 100 patients, 21 had poor knowledge surrounding cataracts. Cataract awareness was lowest in the group without formal education (50%). In addition, 17 participants demonstrated poor knowledge before the informational brochure was distributed, and all improved to "good" knowledge after. Following brochure distribution, there was an improved knowledge of cataract anatomy (correct answer: 32.9% to 94.6%), treatment of cataracts (80% to 95.9%), cataract symptoms (36.7% to 95.9%), age at risk (88.8% to 97.3%), and relationship to blindness (93.5% to 98.6%). In contrast, overall knowledge of the risk factors for cataracts (46.8% to 37%) and prevention of the onset of the cataract (81.3% to 77%) slightly decreased after the brochure was given. Overall, the increase in the number of correct answers after the brochure was not significant (p = 0.25). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is a rare study to assess the effect of informational brochures on cataract knowledge in rural Ecuador. This study was limited by selection bias and did not look at the long-term recall of knowledge. The results of this study suggest that brochures can improve health awareness; however, brochures alone may not be enough. Additional assessments on the use of oral and visual aids are needed. Health education efforts should go beyond simple brochures and focus on innovative strategies to improve health education and communication efforts.

Cataract disease classification from fundus images with transfer learning based deep learning model on two ocular disease datasets

Cataract is one of the most serious eye diseases that can blind if left untreated. Detection of the disease in the early stages rather than in the advanced stages can prevent the patient from being blind. At this point, suspected patients should be constantly checked. Continuous control and follow-up of patients is a tiring and laborious process. For the reasons stated, two different deep learning models are proposed in this article that can be used in the diagnosis and detection of cataracts to assist the work and procedures of ophthalmologists. The proposed deep learning models were run on a fundus dataset with normal and cataract symptoms. The proposed deep learning models provide automatic classification of normal and cataract images. Fine-tuning and layer additions were performed on the upper layer using a pre-trained deep learning model called MobileNet V3 Small. A basic MobileNet V3 Small model has also been created to evaluate the performance of the model, which has been enriched by fine-tuning and adding layers to its upper layers. The difference between the proposed model and the basic model is demonstrated by comparing the classification performances of cataract and normal images with accuracy and complexity matrix measurements. According to the best results obtained in the performance comparisons made by separating the training and test data according to the KFold option, the proposed model gave a more successful result graph of 8.26% than the basic model. Finally, the proposed MobileNet V3 model has also been tested on images composed of two different datasets. On average, the proposed MobileNet V3 model on the combined dataset reached 96.62% accuracy.

Optimization and Characterization of Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan-Coated Baicalin mPEG-PLGA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Cataract.

The present study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of low-molecular-weight chitosan-coated baicalin methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (BA LCH NPs) for the treatment of cataract. mPEG-PLGA NPs were optimized by the Box-Behnken design and the central composite design based on the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Then, the BA LCH NPs were characterized based on morphology, particle size, and zeta potentials. The analytical data of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy depicted the drug excipient compatibility. In vitro, we evaluated cell viability, cellular uptake, potential ocular irritation, transcorneal permeability, and the precorneal retention of BA LCH NPs. In vivo, the chronic selenium cataract model was selected to assess the therapeutic effect of BA LCH NPs. The size of BA LCH NPs was within the range from 148 to 219 nm and the zeta potential was 19-25 mV. Cellular uptake results showed that the fluorescence intensity of the preparations in each group increased with time, and the fluorescence intensity of the LCH NP group was significantly higher than that of the solution group. The optimized BA LCH NPs improved precorneal residence time without causing eye irritation and also showed a sustained release of BA through the cornea for effective management of cataract. Also, fluorescence tracking on the rabbit cornea showed increased corneal retention of the LCH NPs. In addition, the results of therapeutic efficacy demonstrated that BA LCH NPs can significantly reduce the content of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, which was comparable to positive control and better than the BA solution group. Thus, it can be inferred that the BA LCH NPs are a promising drug delivery system for enhancing the ophthalmic administration of BA to the posterior segment of the eye and improving cataract symptoms.

An Update on the Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe: A Review Article

Context: Lowe syndrome (LS) is a very uncommon syndrome that causes the death of young patients due to kidney diseases. This narrative review aimed to assess the clinical manifestations of LS, mainly the novel investigations of LS, to provide an update on the clinical manifestations improving the misdiagnosis of LS. Methods: For this narrative review, the articles from several sources, including Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were used. Results: This syndrome is heredity and a multiple system disorder with the three main symptoms of renal tubular dysfunction, mental retardation, and cataracts. Other features include growth retardation, behavioral problems, stereotypical behavior, areflexia, severe muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, nontender joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules, potassium loss, sodium loss, renal dysfunction, aminoaciduria, bicarbonaturia, and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. An X-linked recessive pattern inherits this syndrome. The hereditary transmission of this syndrome is X-linked recessive. Conclusions: It is essential to investigate the diverse clinical manifestations of LS. The prognosis and severity of the disease have not yet been determined. It is recommended to perform extensive general studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of this syndrome.

Medico-Social Approach to the Development of a Methodology for Assessing the “Quality of Life” after Cataract Phacoemulsification. Part 1

Purpose. Scientific substantiation of methodological approaches to the development of a “quality of life” (QoL) questionnaire after cataract phacoemulsification (PEC) in patients with visually stressful work (VLT), based on a “medico-social” health model.Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of methodological standards for the development of new tools for assessing symptoms in clinical medicine developed by specialists from the International Center for the Study of Quality of Life (St. Petersburg). This article presents the first stage of development aimed at the formation of a preliminary version of the questionnaire. The initial volume of questions (complaints) of the patient was carried out in the following areas: individual interviews (according to the standard developed methodology) with 50 patients with ZNT; analysis of proven methods for studying QOL in cataracts (“NEI-VFQ”, “Cataract Symptom Scale”, “Catquest-9SF”, etc.); analysis of proven methods for studying QoL in keratorefractive surgery and asthenopic conditions in patients with RNT; analysis of the classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) from the standpoint of the development of characteristic “domains”.Results. The data obtained indicate that a total of 35 patient complaints were identified (7 — “visual”; 6 — “professional”; 16 — “functional”; 4 — “household”; 4 — “medical and psychological”). The fundamental difference between the development of the methodology for assessing the patient’s QoL after performing PE is the use of a “social model” of health, which confirms the leading (46 % of all complaints) place for “functional” manifestations of the patient’s subjective status, based on specific “domains” of the ICF. Along with this, the practical application of the basic provisions of the ICF involves scaling the severity of the patient’s complaints in the context of the ratio of the duration of the complaint to the total active time of the patient with a gradation: “Mild problems” (5–24 %); “Moderate problems” (25–49 %); “Severe problems” (50–95 %); “Absolute problems” (96–100 %).Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the development of the patient’s QoL questionnaire after the FEC testify to the compliance with clinical standards in terms of content validity, since the questions, scales and general content reflect the significance for the patient and important parameters from a clinical and functional point of view. A distinctive feature and scientific novelty of the questionnaire is the use of a “social model” of health based on the development of “domains” of the international classification of functioning, as well as optimization of the procedure for scaling patient responses.

Multicenter clinical outcomes of hole implantable collamer lens implantation in middle-aged patients

To assess the multicenter clinical outcomes of the implantation of hole implantable collamer lens (Hole ICL, ICL KS-AquaPORTTM; STAAR Surgical, Nidau, Switzerland) in patients of 45 years or more. We retrospectively assessed the surgery’s safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, and adverse events before surgery and after the surgery at 1 week; 1, 3, and 6 months; and 1 year, followed by once every year for approximately 2.2 years. A total of 118 eyes of 65 patients aged 45–65 years with myopic refractive errors ranging from − 2.13 to − 18.75 diopters (D) underwent hole ICL implantation and routine postoperative examinations. The average observation period was 2.2 ± 1.0 years. The safety and efficacy indices were 1.08 ± 0.21 and 0.87 ± 0.25, respectively. Manifest refraction changes of − 0.20 ± 0.43 D occurred from 1 month to the final visit after ICL implantation. Eight eyes (6.8%) developed asymptomatic anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) immediately after surgery, and three eyes (2.5%) developed clinically significant symptomatic nuclear cataracts during the follow-up period. According to our experience, hole ICL implantation offered favorable outcomes in all measures of safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability, even in middle-aged patients, during the 2.2-year observation period.

Complications of Cataract Surgeries and Implantation of Intraocular Lens

A cataract is described as the opacification of the lens. A cataract is the clouding of the lens. A cataract is also described as any opacification in the lens. Because of this, there's lower withinside the imaginative and prescient. Cataract surgical procedure is the maximum conventional surgery in evolved countries. Cataract maximum not unusual place motive of blindness in growing countries. In the presence of suitable capsular aid, cataract surgical procedure with phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) insertion withinside the capsular bag is the gold standard. Cataract surgical treatment is one of the most customarily carried out surgical procedures withinside the globe. It's additionally one of the maximum historic. Improvements in intraocular lens alternative technology have followed breakthroughs in cataract surgical techniques. Cataract surgical treatment is one of the best remedies in medicine. Cataract surgical operation has an extended record courting returned lots of years. Initially, the surgical procedure changed into done with crude running skills, resulting in a lack of a huge range of eyeballs. With the development of running tactics and devices throughout the mid-20th century, numerous intracapsular cataract extraction remedies have become used. From the second 1/2 of the 20th century, artificial intraocular lenses' advent and significant utilization caused the rediscovery and refinement of the extracapsular cataract extraction method. Modern cataract surgical procedure has stepped forward to refractive cataract surgical procedure, which lets the doctorate alter the final refractive results for every patient. Postoperative refractive mistakes have reduced dramatically due to advances in optical biometry and contemporary intraocular lens (IOL) calculation algorithms, but residual astigmatism is difficult for each surgeon and sufferer and might bring about symptomatic impaired visual performance. Cataracts are not typically because of aging. The signs of cataracts range primarily based on the kind of cataracts and the patient's way of life and visible needs. In the industrialized global, cataract surgical procedure is accomplished while the advantage of putting off signs and symptoms overcomes the little dangers related to a modern-day surgical operation. After the surgical procedure, 85-ninety percent of sufferers have to see simply sufficient to conform with maximum riding necessities in maximum nations. Cataracts usually expand over time, resulting in innovative, imaginative, and prescient loss that cannot be corrected with glasses. Blurry imaginative and prescient, issue studying in low mild, night time imaginative and prescient impairment, glare and halos round lights, or even double imaginative and prescient are all symptoms to appear out for. Other symptoms and symptoms of cataracts in adults over fifty-five are common modifications in eyeglass prescriptions and the capacity to study without analyzing glasses.

Association of optical cataract indices with cataract severity and visual function.

The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between subjective and optical measurements used during cataract evaluation, including the iTrace Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI), the HD Analyzer Objective Scatter Index (OSI), Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III), Visual Function-14 Questionnaire (VF-14), and the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart (PRCSC). Seventy eyes from 70 patients were enrolled, including all stages of age-related nuclear cataracts. The LOCS III-NO with a cutoff of 3.2 was chosen to divide the population into two groups. Eyes with corneal or retinal pathology were excluded. All patients were evaluated with the iTrace's DLI, HD Analyzer's OSI, LOCS III, VF-14, and the PRCSC during each follow-up visit. Correlation analyses were performed using Stata software, version 14.0, StataCorp. The LOCS III-NO, DLI, OSI, and VF-14 questionnaire each correlated moderately with the BCVA with a Spearman rho value of 0.37, - 0.45, 0.40, and- 0.35, respectively. The DLI correlated moderately with LOCS III-NO with a rho value of - 0.37 and with the VF-14 questionnaire with a rho value of 0.35. The OSI correlated with both the contrast sensitivity and DLI with a rho value of - 0.35 and - 0.55, respectively. The DLI correlated with cataract symptoms (measured by the VF-14 questionnaire) in addition to BCVA. The OSI correlated moderately with contrast sensitivity and BCVA. The highest correlation was between DLI and OSI.

Oral consumption of α-glucosyl-hesperidin could prevent lens hardening, which causes presbyopia

Presbyopia is one of the most well-known diseases of the eye, predominantly affecting the adult population after 50 years’. Due to hardening of the lens and failure of accommodative change, patients lose the ability to focus on near objects. This eye symptom is reported to be an early symptom of age-related nuclear cataract, and we have previously reported that hesperetin treatment could delay the onset of nuclear cataractogenesis induced by sodium selenite. In this study, we examined whether oral intake of α-glucosyl-hesperidin (G-Hsd), which has greater water solubility than hesperetin, could delay the onset of presbyopia. G-Hsd treatment protected lens elasticity, upregulated the mRNA expression of anti-oxidative enzymes like glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase 1 in the plasma and lens, and prevented premature cataract symptoms in selenite-induced cataract rat lens. Thus, the anti-presbyopic effects of G-Hsd were attributed, at least in part, to its antioxidant effects. G-Hsd represents the first oral treatment agent with anti-presbyopia and/or anti-cataract properties.

Risk factors for self-reported cataract symptoms, diagnosis, and surgery uptake among older adults in India: Findings from the WHO SAGE data

ABSTRACT Visual impairments have a substantial impact on the well-being of older people, but their impact among older adults in low- and middle-income countries is under-researched. We examined risk factors for self-reported cataract symptoms, diagnosis, and surgery uptake in India. Cross-sectional data from the nationally representative WHO SAGE data (2007–2008) for India were analysed. We focused on a sub-sample of 6558 adults aged 50+, applying descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Nearly 1-in-5 respondents self-reported diagnosed cataracts, more than three-fifths (62%; n = 3879) reported cataract symptoms, and over half (51.8%) underwent surgery. Increasing age, self-reported diabetes, arthritis, low visual acuity, and moderate or severe vision problems were factors associated with self-reported diagnosed cataracts. Odds of cataract symptoms were higher with increasing age and among those with self-reported arthritis, depressive symptoms, low visual acuity, and with moderate or severe vision problems. Odds of cataract surgery were also higher with increasing age, self-reported diabetes, depressive symptoms, and among those with low visual acuity. A public health approach of behavioural modification, well-structured national outreach eye care services, and inclusion of local basic eye care services are recommended.