Catalytic Degradation Of Rhodamine Research Articles

Catalytic degradation of rhodamine B by α-DMACoPc/TiO2/MIL-101 (Fe) enhanced catalytic system

Catalytic degradation of rhodamine B by α-DMACoPc/TiO2/MIL-101 (Fe) enhanced catalytic system

Molten salt synthesis of porous graphene-like carbons as peroxydisulfate catalyst for the efficient removal of rhodamine B dye.

Carbon materials have been receiving considerable attention as effective green catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to degrade organic pollutants. Herein, the porous graphene-like carbons (PGCs) were synthesized by pyrolyzing a nitrogen-rich biomass (peanut shell, PS) in the eutectic mixture of FeCl3 and ZnCl2. The results suggested that involvement of molten salts attributed the biochar the amazing properties such as high specific surface area (SBET = 2529.4 m2g-1), abundant structural defects, high nitrogen content (6.5%), and oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface. Especially when pyrolyzed at activation temperature of 800°C, mass ratio of 1:3:15 (PS:ZnCl2:FeCl3), and activation time of 2h, the optimized PGCs-op exhibited outstanding performance in the catalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Almost all of RhB (99.02%) was removed in 40min and basically not influenced by initial pH in the range of 3.00 to 9.98. Although the RhB degradation was influenced by anions (Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42-), the inhibition would be significantly alleviated within 120min unless these substances were high in concentration. Furthermore, the quenching tests revealed that the reactive species were involved in RhB degradation in the sequence of 1O2 > O2∙- > SO4∙- > ∙OH, among which singlet oxygen played a crucial role. Combined with characterization analysis, a possible mechanism of RhB degradation in PGCs-op/PDS system was proposed. Overall, this study provided a promising metal-free catalyst for the removal of organic pollutants while achieving reutilization of the waste biomass.

Oxygen vacancies enhanced photo-fenton-like catalytic degradation of rhodamine B by electrochemical synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

Hematite is widely used as a catalyst in a photo-Fenton-like process for the oxidation of dyes. We report on the electrochemical synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The structure, morphology, chemical composition, and surface chemical state of the catalyst, as well as its optical and magnetic properties, were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), shift combination scattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). It was found that the crystal size was 63.9 nm. It was shown that the presence of Fe2+ on the surface was due to oxygen vacancies rather than impurity phases. The optical bandgap was determined to be 1.87 eV. Nanoparticles exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetization of 1.09 emu/g at maximum applied magnetic field 1 kOe. The catalytic activity in the photo-Fenton-like process for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was investigated, and the effect of working parameters, including H2O2 concentration, catalyst concentration, and RhB concentration, on the degradation efficiency was studied. The maximum degradation rate was 99.15 % in 12 min under optimal conditions. The catalyst showed long-term stability over 5 repeated cycles.

Catalytic degradation of rhodamine B by titanium dioxide doped polydopamine photoresponsive composites

Titanium dioxide-based materials treat wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants. However, the wide band gap and the ease of agglomeration limit its photocatalytic activity. PDA/PEI@TiO2@P-HSM composites were synthesized using PDA/PEI as an interfacial bonding modifier via polymerization reaction. Phase and chemical bonding analysis confirmed the modifiedTiO2 coated P-HSM, which can effectively reduce the band gap and control the agglomeration of titanium dioxide, i.e., suitable to degrade RhB. Under UV irradiation, PDA/PEI @TiO2@P-HSM can remove RhB up to 90 % in 100 min. The photocatalytic degradation process conforms to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood quasi-primary equation. The composite exhibited excellent stability and recycling i.e., a high removal effect, with a removal rate of up to 60 % after seven cycles of reaction.

Epoxy SQ-based amine functionalized superhydrophilic hybrid network for Ag+ adsorption and catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Most epoxy substituted silsesquioxane (SQ)-based materials are hydrophobic, it is of great interest to develop hydrophilic epoxy SQ-based materials for special applications. In this work, epoxy functionalized SQ with T10 (G-SQ) as main product was obtained by the hydrolytic condensation of 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane; then the hybrid network of G-SQ-TAEA was produced by the amine-epoxy click reaction of G-SQ with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA). The introduction of hydroxyl groups and the amine groups by the amine-epoxy click reaction greatly enhances the hydrophilicity of the hybrid network and facilitates the dispersion of G-SQ-TAEA in water. Interestingly, G-SQ-TAEA can adsorb Ag+ ions with a saturation capacity of 86.4 mg/g and the Ag-loaded G-SQ-TAEA (G-SQ-TAEA-Ag) can efficiently catalyze degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) to colourless. This work offers a new strategy for removing contamination in water.

Catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B by a novel cobalt complex based on TTF derivative

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are efficient avenues for removal of organic pollutants in water, while Co-based materials exhibit great potential in activating PMS to generate more SO4•− radicals for enhanced catalytic activity. In this work, a new binuclear cobalt complex with the formulas of Co2(H2DBTTF)2(phen)4 (1) was synthesized based on benzotetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylic acid (H4DBTTF) ligand with redox-active properties. The experimental results show that complex 1 can effectively activate PMS to degrade Rhodamine B (Rh B), and the catalytic degradation efficiency reaches 98.1% in the pH range of 5–9 with excellent cycle performance and stability. Complex 1 can not only effectively activate the PMS to generate O2•− and SO4•− free radicals, but also promote the charge transfer of each component, which significantly improves the degradation rate of Rh B. More importantly, the TTF•+ cation radical derived from the H4DBTTF ligand is also beneficial to the degradation of Rh B. This work provides a new strategy for constructing efficient catalysts for AOPs based on radical-containing ligands.

Ultrasound-enhanced catalytic degradation of simulated dye wastewater using waste printed circuit boards: catalytic performance and artificial neuron network-based simulation.

Recent developments of heterogeneous advanced oxidation for refractory organic contaminants and catalysts made of solid waste have attracted much attention. In this work, waste printed circuit board (wPCB) was used for catalytic degradation of simulated textile wastewater enhanced by ultrasound. Catalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) was conducted in the presence of H2O2. Effect of ultrasound, wPCB, H2O2, pH, and dye concentration was investigated by single factor experiments. The growing catalytic efficiency was determined by ultrasound. The removal efficiency of MB and RhB are influenced by wPCB, H2O2, pH, and dye concentration. Degradation efficiency is accelerated with increasing wPCB dosage and H2O2 and decreasing dye concentration. Effective degradation of MB and RhB is obtained under broader pH region, attractively at neutral pH. Under optimal conditions, MB removal reaches 98.83% at 90min while RhB removal reaches 99.57% at 80min. Hydroxyl radicals play an important role in catalytic process. Tentative mechanism for catalytic degradation of MB and RhB are discussed based on multiple characterizations. Superior reusability of wPCB proves that wPCB is highly durable catalyst. Due to low cost and high efficiency, wPCB is attractive as effective catalyst for treatment of organic wastewater. Artificial neuron network-based (ANN) simulation, as a widely used artificial intelligence algorithm, was one of preferred methods for the wastewater treatment due to its unique properties in solving complex processes. An ANN model was designed for the prediction of the performance of ultrasound-enhanced catalytic degradation with a high R value (0.99).

Green production of self-assembled silver nanoarrays on flexible substrate for direct detection and catalytic degradation of organic water pollutants

Facile eco-friendly green chemistry assisted (hybrid tea rose petals extract) self- assembled plasmonic silver nano structure arrays (AgNS) were fabricated on a flexible substrate. In-situ self-assembly during the reduction process lead to organize arrays like AgNS with smaller size Ag nanocubes. Synthetic mechanisms detailed with optimizations were deliberately projected with UV–visible absorption spectroscopic studies. Structural studies indicated the cubic system of silver with an average crystalline size of 20 nm. Electron microscopic images elucidate the array like self-assembled Ag cubes; outstand for high phase purity with 95.6% of Ag. As well, UV–vis absorption results confirmed the shape confinement of self-assembled Ag nanocubes with the SPR band located around 450–490 nm. Feasibility of AgNS array in catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye tests was assessed with efficient degradation of 97% within 8 min. Ever since AgNS were forthright in field of calorimetry detection, H2O2 calorimetry studies were portrayed. Further on, fabrication of flexible, cost-effective plastic SERS support as sensor was developed with AgNS array (GAFPS) is yet another milestone achieved in SERS sensor platform. Raman probe molecule (Rhodamine 6G (R6G)) was exploited in optimization experiments for SERS detection. The optimized GAFPS SERS sensor involved in detection of Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes; Sensor sensitivity studies succeeded with its sensitivity limit down to nano-molar range for RhB whereas close to pico-molar range for MB. In nutshell, multifaceted features of self-assembled plasmonic AgNS brings in state of art in the detection and degradation of industrial waste water management systems.

Ag Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanorods as Multifunctional SERS Substrates for Ultrasensitive Detection and Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B.

Industrial wastewater containing large amounts of organic pollutants is a severe threat to the environment and human health. Thus, the rapid detection and removal of these pollutants from wastewater are essential to protect public health and the ecological environment. In this study, a multifunctional and reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate by growing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on ZnO nanorods (NRs) was produced for detecting and degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The ZnO/Ag substrate exhibited excellent sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD) for RhB was as low as 10−11 M. Furthermore, the SERS substrate could efficiently degrade RhB, with a degradation efficiency of nearly 100% within 150 min. Moreover, it retained good SERS activity after multiple repeated uses. The interaction between Ag NPs, ZnO, and RhB was further investigated, and the mechanism of SERS and photocatalysis was proposed. The as-prepared ZnO/Ag composite structure could be highly applicable as a multifunctional SERS substrate for the rapid detection and photocatalytic degradation of trace amounts of organic pollutants in water.

One-step preparation of MoOx/ZnS/ZnO composite and its excellent performance in piezocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under ultrasonic vibration

This paper synthesized a new type of ternary piezoelectric catalyst MoOx/ZnS/ZnO (MZZ) by a one-step method. The catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) solution (10 µg/g, pH = 7.0) shows that the composite catalyst has excellent piezoelectric catalytic activity under ultrasonic vibration (40 kHz). The piezoelectric degradation rate of the optimal sample reached 0.054 min−1, which was about 2.5 times that of pure ZnO. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technologies were used to analyze the structure, morphology, and interface charge transfer properties of the MZZ piezocatalysts. The results showed that the composite catalyst may have a core-shell structure. ZnS is coated on the surface of ZnO, while MoOx adheres to the surface of ZnS. This structure endowed MZZ larger specific surface area than ZnO, which benefits the RhB adsorption. More importantly, the formed heterojunction structure between ZnS and ZnO promotes the separation of positive and negative charges induced by the piezoelectric effect. MoOx species may act as a charge trap to further promote more carriers to participate in the reaction. In addition, MoOx may also be beneficial in adsorbing dyes. Active species capture experiments show that superoxide radicals and holes are the main active species in piezoelectric catalytic reactions on MZZ catalysts.

Ceramics From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag and Their Crystalline Phase, Microstructure, and Photocatalytic Performance

To solve the environmental problems caused by the deposition of Ti-extraction blast furnace slag (EBFS) and to develop the functionality of the slag ceramics, photocatalytic EBFS ceramics were prepared via powder sintering at different temperatures. The phase composition dramatically changed in ceramics sintered at 1,000–1,150°C, but remained constant in samples treated at 1,150–1,200°C, just revealing the variations in the relative content of each phase. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was assessed through the catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, it was shown to strongly depend on the relative Fe-bearing diopside content, achieving a maximum in EBFS-1180 ceramic. In this ceramic, the Fe-bearing diopside was found to degrade up to 77% of RhB under UV light irradiation at pH = 2, and its acid corrosion ratio after 24 h was only 0.03%, indicating that EBFS-1180 ceramic had the ability to degrade pollutants in an acidic environment.

The Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants on the MnFe2O4/BGA Composite under Visible Light.

The MnFe2O4/BGA (boron-doped graphene aerogel) composite was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of MnFe2O4 particles, boric acid, and graphene oxide. When applied as a photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B, the MnFe2O4/BGA composite yielded a degradation efficiency much higher than the sum of those of individual MnFe2O4 and BGA under identical experimental conditions, indicating a strong synergetic effect established between MnFe2O4 and BGA. The catalytic degradation of rhodamine B was proved to follow pseudo first-order kinetics, and the apparent reaction rate constant on the MnFe2O4/BGA composite was calculated to be three- and seven-fold that on BGA and MnFe2O4, respectively. Moreover, the MnFe2O4/BGA composite also demonstrated good reusability and could be reused for four cycles without obvious loss of photocatalytic activity.

Effect of pH on the Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by Synthesized CDs/g-C3N4/Cu x O Composites.

The narrow pH range of Fenton oxidation restricts its applicability in water pollution treatment. In this work, a CDs/g-C3N4/CuxO composite was synthesized via a stepwise thermal polymerization method using melamine, citric acid, and Cu2O. Adding H2O2 to form a heterogeneous Fenton system can degrade Rhodamine B (Rh B) under dark conditions. The synthesized composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results showed that CDs, Cu2O, and CuO were successfully loaded on the surface of g-C3N4. By evaluating the catalytic activity on Rh B degradation in the presence of H2O2, the optimal contents of citric acid and Cu2O were 3 and 2.8%, respectively. In contrast to a typical Fenton reaction, which is favored in acidic conditions, the catalytic degradation of Rh B showed a strong pH-dependent relation when the pH is raised from 3 to 11, with the removal from 45 to 96%. Moreover, the recyclability of the composite was evaluated by the removal ratio of Rhodamine B (Rh B) after each cycle. Interestingly, recyclability is also favored in alkaline conditions and shows the best performance at pH 10, with the removal ratio of Rh B kept at 95% even after eight cycles. Through free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and the superoxide radical (•O2–) were identified as the main reactive species. Overall, a mechanism is proposed, explaining that the higher catalytic performance in the basic solution is due to the dominating surface reaction and favored in alkaline conditions.

Kinetic Studies on the Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by Hydrogen Peroxide: Effect of Surfactant Coated and Non-Coated Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles.

Iron (III) oxide (Fe3O4) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated iron (III) oxide (SDS@Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method for application in the catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) dye. The synthesized NPs were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques and tested in the removal of RB. A kinetic study on RB degradation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was carried out and the influence of Fe3O4 and SDS@Fe3O4 magnetic NPs on the degradation rate was assessed. The activity of magnetic NPs, viz. Fe3O4 and SDS@Fe3O4, in the degradation of RB was spectrophotometrically studied and found effective in the removal of RB dye from water. The rate of RB degradation was found linearly dependent upon H2O2 concentration and within 5.0 × 10−2 to 4.0 × 10−1 M H2O2, the observed pseudo-first-order kinetic rates (kobs, s−1) for the degradation of RB (10 mg L−1) at pH 3 and temperature 25 ± 2 °C were between 0.4 and 1.7 × 104 s−1, while in presence of 0.1% w/v Fe3O4 or SDS@Fe3O4 NPs, kobs were between 1.3 and 2.8 × 104 s−1 and between 2.6 and 4.8 × 104 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, in presence of Fe3O4 or SDS@Fe3O4, kobs increased with NPs dosage and showed a peaked pH behavior with a maximum at pH 3. The magnitude of thermodynamic parameters Ea and ΔH for RB degradation in presence of SDS@Fe3O4 were 15.63 kJ mol−1 and 13.01 kJ mol−1, respectively, lowest among the used catalysts, confirming its effectiveness during degradation. Furthermore, SDS in the presence of Fe3O4 NPs and H2O2 remarkably enhanced the rate of RB degradation.

Water-stable MOFs-based core-shell nanostructures for advanced oxidation towards environmental remediation

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) find many potential applications because of their versatile physicochemical properties. Advanced oxidation is an important way for wastewater remediation to realize sustainable supply of clean water. However, due to the lack of water-stable MOFs with sufficient catalytic activity, the application of MOFs in advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for wastewater treatment is greatly hindered. In this study, by taking advantage of the rich pores of water stable MOFs, we develop a MOFs-based core (water stable MOFs)-shell (NiP) structure as an efficient catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in AOP. Here, water stable MIL-96 as the MOFs is synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and the core-shell structured MIL-96@NiP is facilely synthesized through electroless coating of the NiP layer. The as-prepared core-shell structure demonstrates superior performance in catalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), over performing the individual MOFs and NiP parts, suggesting the appearance of synergistic effect between MOFs and NiP in the core-shell structure. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates four consecutive runs without losing significant catalytic activity. Temperature has a significant role in faster degradation of RhB. A plausible degradation mechanism is proposed through classical quenching tests study, and oxygen singlet is found to play imperative part in removal of RhB.

Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by FeOCl Activated Hydrogen Peroxide

The wide application of traditional Fenton reactions was firmly restricted by the requirement for harsh acid conditions, as well as the inevitable generation of iron slurry. The FeOCl nanosheets, prepared by the chemical vapor transformation method, were used to degrade RhB via activation of H2O2. The FeOCl was characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), the results showed that FeOCl exhibited a fine crystal structure and nanosheet-like morphology, which was favorable for exposure of active sites. The results of degradation experiments showed that the RhB was totally removed within 15 min under the conditions of[H2O2]=1.67 mmol·L-1 and[FeOCl]=200 mg·L-1. The initial pH plays a negative role in RhB degradation, and the initial pH increased from 3 to 7 as the RhB removal efficiency decreased from 100% to 84%. Typically, when the initial pH was 9, the RhB degradation sharply decreased to 57.6%. Compared with traditional Fenton reactions, the FeOCl/H2O2 system widened the pH range, which resulted in superior organics removal even under a mild-acidic to medium pH condition. The quenching experiments demonstrated that the·OH was the major reactive oxygen species. Additionally, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) results showed that intense DMPO-HO·signals were detected in the FeOCl/H2O2 system, which further demonstrated the important role of·OH in RhB degradation.

Trace pyrolyzed ZIF-67 loaded activated carbon pellets for enhanced adsorption and catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in water

Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbent and catalyst carrier material. However, its performance for removal of organic compounds from water is relatively poor. In this work, trace amount of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) was loaded onto commercial activated carbon (AC) pellets and subsequently calcined at 800 °C for 6 h. The obtained material (cal-ZIF-67/AC) showed highly dispersed Co and N on its surface and its specific surface area was as high as original activated carbon. Besides, it also exhibited weak magnetic property. The cal-ZIF-67/AC was further used as adsorbent for Rhodamine B (RhB) removal and as catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for RhB degradation. It was found that cal-ZIF-67/AC exhibited good adsorption performances for RhB, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.2 mg/g, which is more than twice that of AC. Besides, it showed high activity in effective activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce sulfate radicals for oxidative degradation of RhB.

Synthesis of nanocellulose/cobalt oxide composite for efficient degradation of Rhodamine B by activation of peroxymonosulfate

In recent years, nanofibrous materials derived from biopolymers have attracted more interest due to their numerous applications. In our study, a simple composite of cellulose nanocrystals, and cobalt oxide nanoparticles was elaborated using sodium borohydride as a chemical reducer. It has been shown that Co3O4 nanoparticles were grown on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. An important quantity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles was detected using ICP-OES (13.5 g contained in 100 mg of the composite). The size, the morphology and the thermal stability of the composite and the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry, Scanning electron microscopic and Transmission electron microscopic. Our obtained material was used for the degradation of Rhodamine B and it was succeeded in degradation of Rhodamine B within very short period of time (16 min). The catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B was investigated and analyzed with UV-Visible absorption spectra.

An efficient visible light driven bismuth ferrite incorporated bismuth oxyiodide (BiFeO3/BiOI) composite photocatalytic material for degradation of pollutants

An efficient BiFeO3/BiOI composite photocatalytic material was fabricated via simple wet impregnation process and photocatalytic performances were evaluated by the catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and bisphenol A (BPA) in visible-light illumination. Structural, light absorption and morphological features of the fabricated photocatalysts were investigated by various spectroscopic and microscopic procedures. The photodegradation efficiency results demonstrated that the BiFeO3/BiOI composite with 2 wt% loading of BiFeO3 (2% BiFeO3/BiOI) displayed the higher photocatalytic activity than various other BiFeO3 loadings, pristine BiOI and BiFeO3. A maximal photodegradation efficiency of RhB and BPA are ∼100% and 71% were accomplished using the optimized composite when compared to merely ∼56% and ∼36% using pristine BiOI, respectively. The significant enhancement in the photodegradation rates of RhB (∼5 times) and BPA (∼2 times) pollutants using 2% BiFeO3/BiOI composite is credited to the efficient charge separation of photoinduced hole-electron pairs by transferring the electrons from BiOI to BiFeO3 catalyst surface. The photostability results revealed that the compost was retained their photocatalytic activity up to 3 cycles of degradation experiments. The higher photocatalytic activity, long time stability and reusability tests exposed that the BiFeO3/BiOI composite might be a potential photocatalytic material for topical applications in the field of water treatment.

Green synthesis of zero-valent Fe-nanoparticles: Catalytic degradation of rhodamine B, interactions with bovine serum albumin and their enhanced antimicrobial activities

Biomimetic method was used for the synthesis of Fe-nanoparticles (FeNPs). FeCl3 and Hibiscus sabdariffa, Roselle flower aqueous extract (HBS) were employed in the present studies. The FeNPs have been characterized by using UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average particles diameter was found to be 18 nm. The as prepared FeNPs were used as a catalyst to the oxidative degradation of rhodamine B (RB) in presence of NaBH4. The effects of various quencher on the degradation rates were examined by employing ammonium oxalate (AO), benzoquinone (BQ), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and potassium iodide (KI). The interactions of FeNPs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been determined and discussed. Adsorption of FeNPs into the core of BSA changes the tryptophan environment from hydrophobic to hydrophilic (from folding to partially folded and/or unfolded). Tryptophan residues, indole moieties of BSA were responsible to complex formation with FeNPs in excited states via electrostatic, van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with static quenching. The antimicrobial activities of FeNPs have been determined against human pathogens. Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract shows mild antimicrobial activities against all target pathogenic organisms. FeNPs have potential antimicrobial activity against both bacterial strains and candida fungus even at low concentration, and retains potential application in biomedical industries.