Catalase Enzyme Levels Research Articles

The Effects of Olive Oil (Olea Europaea L.) on Cathallase Enzyme Levels in White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strain of Obese Male

Obesity is a condition of the body resulting from excessive fat accumulation which leads to health problems. The increase in fat metabolism affects increased production of free radicals in the circulation and in adipocyte cells. Free radicals that increase in the body are not in line with antioxidant enzymes, causing a condition called oxidative stress. The body's defense mechanism against free radicals is the synthesis of antioxidants. When there is a decrease in the activity of endogenous antioxidants such as the catalase enzyme, it provides a strong indication of oxidative stress. The presence of polyphenols and monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil is useful for preventing chronic damage that causes oxidative stress. The catalase enzyme can be used as a parameter for an uncontrolled increase in ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) or disruption of the function of the antioxidant defense system. To determine changes in levels of the catalase enzyme in an obese male Wistar strain white rat (Rattus norvegicus) animal model that was given olive oil. This research used a true experimental laboratory with a pre- post test design. The results of the study were significant changes in catalase enzyme levels in the olive oil intervention group (p-value 0.003<0.05) on day 14 and day 28 with (p-value 0.002<0.05 and 0.005<0.05). In the group given olive oil, the effect on the level of catalase enzyme was most significant on day 28 (p-value 0.002<0.05).

Control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) using argon and helium atmospheric non-thermal plasma

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of stored cereals worldwide that causes significant grain loss by feeding internally on seeds. In this study, we propose the use of an atmospheric pressure cold plasma generated from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as an emerging technology in insect pest management. Series of experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of such plasmas on the lethality of adult S. oryzae by measuring the mortality rate and examining the biochemical markers that impact the insects. Plasma treatments (24 kV input voltage at frequency of 2.5 or 7.5 kHz) were carried out in He and Ar, used as carrier gases, with exposure time ranging from 30 to 120 s. Results showed a high level of mortality (60–100%) for each treatment, with a better efficiency observed when Ar was used as carrier gas. Furthermore, at the highest repetition frequency (7.5 kHz), equivalent to 60 W of electrical power consumption, the insecticidal efficiency reached 100% insect mortality at only 1 h after a 30 s plasma treatment. The mortality rate appeared to be correlated with a notable decrease in protein content and an increase in catalase enzyme levels within the insects' tissue, indicating that insecticidal mechanisms involve oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that low-energy atmospheric cold plasma has detrimental effects on rice weevils and could be considered a promising tool for pest control in stored food, which will help reduce global dependence on chemical pesticides.

Gastroprotective Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein: An In Vivo Proof of Concept.

Oleuropein is the main constituent of olive leaf extract, and it has shown antioxidant and gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcers. Chitosan nanoparticles are known for their mucoadhesive abilities, and consequently, they can increase the retention time of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, loading oleuropein onto chitosan nanoparticles is expected to enhance its biological efficiency. Oleuropein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size, surface charge, in vitro release, and anti-inflammatory activity. Their in vivo efficacy was assessed by measuring specific inflammatory and protective biomarkers, along with histopathological examination. The optimum oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles were cationic, had a size of 174.3 ± 2.4 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.81%, and released 70% of oleuropein within 8 h. They recorded a lower IC50 in comparison to oleuropein solutions for membrane stabilization of RBCs (22.6 vs. 25.6 µg/mL) and lipoxygenase inhibition (7.17 vs. 15.6 µg/mL). In an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo model, they decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and TBARS levels by 2.1, 1.7, and 1.3 fold, respectively, in comparison to increments caused by exposure to ethanol. Moreover, they increased prostaglandin E2 and catalase enzyme levels by 2.4 and 3.8 fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical examination showed that oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles markedly lowered the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3 in gastric tissues in comparison to oleuropein solution. Overall, oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles showed superior gastroprotective effects to oleuropein solution since comparable effects were demonstrated at a 12-fold lower drug dose, delineating that chitosan nanoparticles indeed enhanced the potency of oleuropein as a gastroprotective agent.

Efeito do Raphanus raphanistrum na doença renal crônica induzida por etanol em ratos modelo animal

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Raphanus raphanistrum (radish) on chronic kidney disease damage by reactive oxygen species or free radicals in animal model rats. Total of 18 rats were used in this study, divided into 3 groups and each group consist of 6 rats. Group 1 control (C), group 2 model (M) and group 3 test (T). Model and test group were treated with alcohol to produce chronic kidney disease by reactive oxygen spices for 9 weeks a dose of 1 ml. After that test group was treated with Raphanus raphanistrum juice for 4 weeks 80mg/kg body weight to determine it effect. Raphanus raphanistrum juice effect on behavior of rats through increases the locomotor activity and anxiety. The serum creatinine and uric acid level were significantly improved in T group. The reactive oxygen enzyme test shows that Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) was increase in T group. The Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme level was nearly same in C and T groups. This study concludes that compound 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl found in Raphanus raphanistrum juice and possess strong antioxidant activity on Chronic kidney disease induce by ethanol through reactive oxygen species. There is need of more researches to determine the use of natural compound to treat different disease.

Differences in catalase levels between malaria-infected individuals and uninfected controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Inconsistent catalase (CAT) research necessitates a comprehensive review of CAT levels among patients with malaria to achieve better therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze available literature on CAT levels in nonpregnant and pregnant individuals with malaria compared with those in uninfected controls, with the goal of providing a robust evidence base for future research and potential interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search across six databases was conducted to examine CAT levels in patients with malaria. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The standardized mean difference of CAT levels was calculated with heterogeneity assessment. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the findings. Publication bias was visually and statistically assessed and corrected, if necessary. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Nineteen studies were included in the review. These studies, published from before 2000 to 2023, primarily from Africa and Asia, focused on different Plasmodium species and age groups. Results of qualitative synthesis among nonpregnant individuals consistently showed lower CAT levels in malaria-infected individuals, although some studies reported higher levels. No significant differences in CAT levels were found between malaria-infected and uninfected individuals, as demonstrated by a meta-analysis overall (P = 0.05, Hedges’ g: − 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): (− 1.56)–0.01, I2: 98.47, 15 studies), but subgroup analyses showed significant differences in CAT levels in studies conducted in Africa (P = 0.02, Hedges’ g: − 0.57, 95% CI: − 1.02–(0.11), I2: 91.81, 7 studies), and in studies that specifically focused on children (P = 0.03, Hedges’ g: − 0.57, 95% CI: − 1.07–(− 0.07), I2: 87.52, 4 studies). Pregnant women showed variations in CAT levels across trimesters. This study provides valuable insights into the association between malaria infection and CAT enzyme levels, particularly in nonpregnant individuals. Furthermore, well-designed studies are essential to decoding the intricacies of this relationship, which could have significant implications for understanding disease processes and improving patient care.

Does the addition of metformin to carboplatin treatment decreases ovarian reserve damage associated with carboplatin usage?

BackgroundWe aimed to determine whether adding metformin to carboplatin treatment would reduce the damage to ovarian reserve associated with carboplatin use.MethodsWe included 35 adult female non-pregnant albino Wistar rats approximately three months old, weighing 220–310 g. The rats were divided into five groups of seven rats according to the treatment they received. Carboplatin and salin was given to Group 2, and carboplatin plus metformin was given to Group 3. Group 4 was administered only metformin. Group 5 was administered only salin. Carboplatin was given to Groups 2 and 3 as a single dose on the 15th day, while metformin was given to Groups 3 and 4 during the 28-day experiment. After oophorectomy, histopathologic analyses of primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary Graff follicles according to the epithelial cells surrounding the oocyte and total follicular number were conducted per section. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), tissue catalase, and malonyl dialdehyde levels were measured and compared within each group.ResultsThe baseline and 15th-day serum AMH values of the menstrual cycle were compared among the groups, and no statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Group 3, which was given both carboplatin and metformin, had statistically significantly higher 28th-day AMH levels than Group 2, which was given only carboplatin and saline (p < 0.001). The number of primordial follicles in Group 3 was found to be statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue catalase enzyme levels in Group 3 were statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue malondialdehyde levels in Group 2 were statistically significantly higher than tissue malondialdehyde levels in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMetformin may attenuate carboplatin-induced ovarian damage, possibly through its antioxidative effects.

Activation of Nrf-2 Transcription Factor and Caspase Pathway with Royal Jelly Reduces Fluoride Induced Testicular Damage and Infertility in Rats.

This study was carried out to investigate the protective properties of royal jelly on the testicular tissue of rats with testicular damage by giving fluoride. Sperm motility, epididymal sperm density and abnormal sperm ratios were examined and visualized with a light microscope. Expression levels of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α and IL1-α proteins in testis tissue were determined by western blot technique. As a result of the study, MDA level, expression level of Bcl-2, NFҡB, COX-2, TNF-α and IL1-α proteins, abnormal sperm rates were found higher in Fluoride-50 and Fluoride100 groups compared to other groups. In addition GSH, Catalase enzyme levels, expression levels of Caspase-3 and Nrf-2 proteins were found to be higher in Fluoride + Royal Jelly groups compared to Fluoride-50 and Fluoride-100 groups. In addition, lower degeneration of testicular tissue was found in the histological evaluation in the Fluoride + Royal Jelly groups compared to the other groups. When the data are evaluated royal jelly provides effective protection against testicular damage. From this point of view, we hope that similar results will be obtained when royal jelly is tested on humans.

Roflumilast Protects against Neuroinflammatory Alterations in Brain Tissues of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Mice Model.

Microglial overactivation promotes the production of various second messengers and inflammatory markers in brain tissue, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which may lead to cognitive decline. The cyclic nucleotides are one of the important second messengers involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. The levels of these cyclic nucleotides are maintained by phosphodiesterase enzyme isoforms, particularly PDE4B, in the brain. An imbalance between PDE4B levels and cyclic nucleotides may lead to aggravating neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were administered intraperitoneally on alternate days for 7 days at a dose of 500 μg/kg in mice, which triggered systemic inflammation. This may lead to the activation of glial cells and may activate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers in brain tissue. Furthermore, oral administration of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) in this model ameliorated oxidative stress markers, neuroinflammation and improved neurobehavioral parameters in these animals. The detrimental effect of LPS increased oxidative stress, AChE enzyme levels, and decreased catalase levels in brain tissues, along with memory impairment in animals. Moreover, it also enhanced the activity and expression of the PDE4B enzyme, resulting in a decline in cyclic nucleotide levels. Furthermore, treatment with roflumilast improved the cognitive decline, decreased AChE enzyme level, and increased the catalase enzyme level. Roflumilast also reduced the PDE4B expression in a dose-dependent manner, which LPS up-regulated. Roflumilast has shown an anti-neuroinflammatory effect and reversed the cognitive decline in LPS-induced mice model.

An investigation of the potential effects of amitriptyline on polycystic ovary syndrome induced by estradiol valerate.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is frequently observed in adolescent women and usually progresses with depression. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of amitriptyline (Ami), a drug used in the treatment of depression, in individuals with PCOS. Forty 12-week-old female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, PCOS, Ami, and PCOS + Ami. To induce the syndrome in the PCOS groups, a single dose of 4mg/kg estradiol valerate was administered by intraperitoneal injection; 10mg/kg Ami was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 30days in the Ami groups. After 30days, all the animals were sacrificed and blood, ovary, and brain tissues were collected and subjected to routine tissue processing. Stereological, histopathological analyses were performed on the ovarian sections, while luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were investigated in blood samples. The volume of the corpus luteum and preantral follicles increased in the PCOS group, while a decrease was determined in the number of antral follicles using stereological methods. Biochemical analysis revealed that FSH levels increased and CAT enzyme levels decreased in the PCOS group. Significant morphological changes were observed in ovaries from the PCOS group. The volume of the corpus luteum in the PCOS + Ami group decreased compared to the PCOS group. Serum FSH levels decreased in the PCOS + Ami group, while CAT enzyme levels increased compared to the PCOS group. Degenerative areas were also seen in the PCOS + Ami group ovaries. Ami administration was unable to sufficiently ameliorate the morphological and biochemical changes caused in the ovarian tissues by PCOS. In addition, this study is one of the few studies examining the effects of amitriptyline, an antidepressant frequently used in depression treatment of individuals with PCOS. We also observed firstly that use of amitriptyline caused PCOS-like ovarian morphology in healthy rat ovaries, while it had a healing effect by volume decreasing of cystic structures in the ovary with PCOS.

In vitro evaluation of the protective effects of Curcumin and Resveratrol against U87 Cells Induced by Beta-Amyloid

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of curcumin and resveratrol antioxidant enzymes in β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced in vitro Alzheimer's Disease (AD) cell model. Methods: In the study three groups were created; The control group consisted of U87 cell lines, the Aβ group in which the in vitro AH model was formed including the β-amyloid-induced U-87 cell lines, and the Aβ+ Curcumin+ Resveratrol group by adding curcumin and resveratrol to the Aβ group. Cell viability in groups was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Total Antioxidant Level (TAS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total Oxidant Level (TOS) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme levels, results were analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant status. &#x0D; Results: When cell viability was evaluated, it was determined that curcumin and resveratrol did not have cytotoxic effects. TAS levels were found to be statistically higher in the Aβ+ curcumin and resveratrol group compared to the Aβ group (p

Sıçanlarda Hepatik İskemi Reperfüzyon Hasarında Farklı Dozlarda Amantadin'in Akciğer Dokusu Üzerine Etkisi

Objective: N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers have been shown to have protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in various tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 90 ve 135 mg/kg doses of amantadine on lung in hepatic I/R injury.&#x0D; Method: The rats were randomly divided into six groups: Group Sham, Group I/R, Group Amantadine-90, Group Amantadine-135, Group I/R-90 and Group I/R-135. In I/R, an atraumatic vascular clamp was applied to the structures in the left portal triad for 45 minutes and reperfusion period was 2 hours after ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels were performed the lung tissue and tissues were examined histopathologically.&#x0D; Result: A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of MDA, SOD, CAT levels (respectively; p &lt; 0.001, p=0.008, p &lt; 0.001). A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of lung tissue neutrophil/lymphocyte infiltration scores and alveolar wall thickening scores (respectively p=0.009, p=0.002).&#x0D; Conclusion: The biochemical and histopathological results of the present study suggested that amantadine, like other NMDA antagonist agents, may have a protective effect on lung tissues against the damage caused by hepatic I/R injury. Although we observed significant improvements after the administration of both doses studied, there was no significant difference between these two doses in terms of their success in protecting against distant organ lung injury. Amantadine appears promising as a therapeutic agent in treatment.

Sulfoxaflor insecticide exhibits cytotoxic or genotoxic and apoptotic potential via oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes cell cultures

The need for foodstuff that emerged with the rapidly increasing world population made fertilizers and pesticides inevitable to obtain maximum efficiency from existing agricultural areas. Sulfoxaflor is currently the only member of the new sulfoximine insecticide subclass of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. In the study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro genetic, oxidative damage potential, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of three different concentrations (10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL and 40 µg/mL) of sulfoxaflor insecticide in the cultures of blood lymphocytes. In this study, the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet), Cytokinesis Block Micronuclues Test (MN test), flow cytometry and measurement of Catalase (CAT) enzyme activity were used to determine genotoxic, apoptotic effects and oxidative damage potential, respectively. It found that there is a decrease in CPBI values and Live cell numbers. It was observed an increase in late apoptotic and necrotic cell numbers, Micronucleus frequency, and Comet analysis parameters (GDI and DCP). There is a significant difference between negative control and all concentration of insecticide for Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI) values and late apoptotic, necrotic and viable cell counts. An increase in CAT enzyme levels was observed at 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations compared to control., It is found that CAT enzyme activity was inhibited at concentrations of 40 µg/mL. This study is crucial as it is the first study to investigate the impact of Sulfoxaflor insecticide on peripheral blood lymphocyte cells. The genotoxic, oxidative damage, and apoptotic effects of Sulfoxafluor insecticide on the results obtained and its adverse effects on other organisms raise concerns about health and safety.

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI-B alt grup) ile infekteli marul (Lactuca sativa L.)’da biyokimyasal değişimler

Phytoplasma infections are able to limit the lettuce growth around the world. The alterations of biochemical contents in the host physiology following phytoplasma infection in lettuce remain to be elucidated. In this study, changes in total protein and chlorophyll content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels were investigated in leaves of lettuce plant after Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris infection. Symptoms observed in plants infected with phytoplasma were yellowing, little leaf, stunting, and a general decline. Phytoplasma agent detected in all infected lettuce by PCR-RFLP studies. Total protein and chlorophyll contents of phytoplasma-infected plants were lower than those of healthy control. Proline, MDA accumulation, POX and CAT enzyme activities were increased in infected plants as compared to those of control. The results show that phytoplasma infection can modify the host physiology of lettuce. In conclusion, this study indicated that the previously identified Ca. P. asteris was still pathogen with no changes in its DNA sequence and it was able to reduce the quality parameters of the lettuce plant and possess potential danger to the lettuce growing areas.

Low Antioxidant Enzyme Levels and Oxidative Stress in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Patients

ObjectiveLaryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) is a characterized by symptoms different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). LPR can causes chronic mucosal inflammation which may lead to an increase in cytokine production, and a systemic decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Our aim in this study is to evaluate antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with LPR. MethodsReflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaire, extraesophageal symptom questionnaire which is included in RSI and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) evaluation with 70° rigid laryngoscope were performed to patients who applied to the otolaryngology clinic with a typical LPR complaint, and 60 patients who had an RSI score above 13 and an RFS score above 7 were included in the study. Thirty people consisting of healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Antioxidant enzyme SOD, GSH-Px and CAT levels were measured in the blood serum of the patients and compared with the control group. Results obtained from biochemical tests were expressed as mean ± SE. Descriptive statistical methods (mean ± standard error) were used for the independent t test for the control and study group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsIn the LPR group, 28 (46%) were women, 32 (53%) were men, and age range was 21–60, average age was 36.45 ± 1.147.There was no significant difference between LPR and control group in terms of age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI). In the LPR group, the lowest score for RSI was 14 and the highest score was 39. The average RSI was 23.67. RFS ranges from 8–22. The mean RFS was 13.50. A highly significant statistical correlation was observed between RSI and total RFS (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the antioxidant enzyme levels of the control group and the LPR group. Antioxidant enzyme levels of the control group were SOD 274.10 ± 26.836 U / L, GSH-Px 174.20 ± 20.699 µU / mL and CAT 42.2898 ± 20.699 KU / L. Antioxidant enzyme level results of the LPR group were SOD 147 ± 14.022 U / L (P < 0.01), GSH-Px 88.28 ± 9.113 µU / mL (P < 0.01) and CAT 12.67 ± 0.799 KU / L (P < 0.001). The RSI results ranges from 4 to 39 and the RFS from 8 to 22. Antioxidant enzyme levels demonstrated fairly consistent reliability with individual variables from both RFS and RFS. There was also a highly significant statistical correlation between RSI and RFS. ConclusionWe found that the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and catalase enzyme levels were significantly lower in LPR patients. Treatment modalities to reduce oxidative stress (OS) in LPR should be investigated.

Protective effects of naringin on valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Valproic acid (VPA) is mainly prescribed to treat epilepsy. VPA has been reported to be associated with many adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. Naringin (NRG) is a natural, therapeutically active flavanone glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the protective effect of NRG against the VPA-induced experimental hepatotoxicity model. For this purpose, 24 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as control (Vehicle), VPA (500 mg/kg), and NRG + VPA (100 mg/kg NRG + 500 mg/kg VPA) groups. The agents were administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken on the end of the experiment. Biochemical analyzes were performed on the blood and liver samples. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, glutathione (GSH) content, catalase (CAT) enzyme levels were examined in the liver tissue samples. Histopathological changes (hydropic degeneration and congestion) in the VPA group were increased significantly when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). We also found a decrease in enzymes of serum liver function in the VPA group. However, NRG has been shown not to prevent histopathological changes in the VPA group. According to our results with this experiment protocol, NRG could not exert sufficient protection against VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Measurement the Levels of Catalase Activity, Malondialdehyde and Ferritin in Beta-thalassemia Major Patient

The present study has been carried out at the Women’s and Educational Children’s Hospital in the city ofSamawa to determine the level of oxidative stress indicators and level ferritin. 66 samples of a patient withbeta-thalassemia major were collected and observation of some clinical signs was followed, the group of apatient was divided into two subgroups according to the splenectomy, Group One (G1)) Included 52 samplesfrom beta-thalassemia major patients, type non-splenectomy, (G2) included 14 samples from thalassemiapatients splenectomy and 34 samples were collected from healthy males as control samples (C) to measurethe level the activity of Catalase enzyme (CAT) and concentration levels of malondialdehyde MDA asoxidative stress indicators by using the Spectrophotometer and level ferritin using vidas. The results showeda significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in the efficacy of catalase and a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the level ofthe MDA and level ferritin in beta-thalassemia major patients compared to control group.

The preventive role of medical ozone therapy on remote organ injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion

Aim: This study explores the effects of ozone therapy on the prevention of remote organ injury in rats with induced hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury.Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley rats were sorted randomly into three groups: (a) A control group in which the rats’ abdomens were operated on by laparotomy, and their livers then viewed and closed with a suture; (b) Rats with induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injuries; and (c) Rats induced with the same injuries that were administered ozone therapy before reperfusion. The rats’ hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bile ducts were clamped, and ischemia was induced for 45 min. Reperfusion was provided for 90 min in the second and third groups. The third group was administered 0.5 mg/kg ozone intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Liver, lung, and kidney tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological examinations.Results: In the second group, malondialdehyde levels in the lung and kidney tissues were higher than in the control group, while catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels were lower. The third group had lower malondialdehyde levels and higher catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels than the group that did not receive the therapy. In histopathological evaluations, the damage to both kidney and lung tissues in the third group was higher than in the control group; however, this damage was significantly lower than in the second group.Conclusions: The findings indicated that the administration of ozone therapy attenuated lung and kidney injuries caused by hepatic ischemia, since partial protection was demonstrated in many instances.

Estimation of salivary superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase individuals with and without tobacco habits

Context: Tobacco usage is associated with the derailment of antioxidant status. Salivary studies for diagnostic potential as a biofluid. Saliva may provide acumen into disease pathogenesis. Aims: To determine the influence of tobacco on salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels in individuals with and without tobacco habits. Settings and Design: One mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected, centrifuged immediately at 2000 RPM, and stored at 4°C for analysis. The supernatant was aspirated and assayed. Methods and Material: Eighty males subjects aged 25–40 years were selected and included 20 controls, 20 smokers, 20 chewers, and 20 with both habits. The saliva samples were collected and SOD, GPX, CAT levels were analyzed using UV spectrophotometric assay. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison taking the probability value of P ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant using SPSS 20.0 version. Results: SOD, CAT, GPX enzyme levels in the saliva were significantly lower in those with tobacco habit than in the controls (P Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of saliva as an easy noninvasive tool in diagnosing patients who are more prone to precancerous lesions and conditions, and its importance in patient education and motivation programs for tobacco habit cessation.

Roles of Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract, Its Subsequent Fractions, and the Isolated Compounds in Hepatoprotection against Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity as Compared to Silymarin.

Suaeda vermiculata, a halophyte consumed by livestock, is also used by Bedouins to manage liver disorders. The aqueous-ethanolic extract of S. vermiculata, its subsequent fractions, and pure compounds, i.e., pheophytin-A (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), and quercetin (3), were evaluated for their hepatoprotective efficacy. The male mice were daily fed with either silymarin, plant aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, pure isolated compounds, or carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) for 7 days (n = 6/group, p.o.). On the day 7th of the administrations, all, except the intact animal groups, were induced with hepatotoxicity using paracetamol (PCM, 300 mg/kg). The anesthetized animals were euthanized after 24 h; blood and liver tissues were collected and analysed. The serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly for all the S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fraction, and compound-treated groups when equated with the PCM group (p < 0.0001). The antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased significantly (p < 0.05) for the silymarin-, n-hexane-, and quercetin-fed groups. Similarly, the catalase (CAT) enzyme level significantly increased for all the groups, except for the compound 2-treated group as compared to the CMC group. Also, the glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly increased for the n-butanol treated group than for the PCM group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LP) and nitric oxide (NO), the inflammatory markers, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the kidney's functional biomarker parameters remained unchanged and did not differ significantly for the treated groups in comparison to the PCM-induced toxicity bearing animals. All the treated groups demonstrated significant decreases in cholesterol levels as compared to the PCM group, indicating hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The quercetin-treated group demonstrated significant improvement in triglyceride level. The S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and the isolated compounds demonstrated their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, confirming the claimed traditional use of the herb as a liver protectant.

Radioprotective Effects of Plants from the Lamiaceae Family

Edible and medicinal plants are still an interesting source of promising biologically active substances for drug discovery and development. At a time of increasing cancer incidence in the world, alleviating the bothersome side effects of radiotherapy in debilitated cancer patients is becoming an important challenge. The aim of the study was to overview the literature data concerning the radioprotective activity of extracts, essential oils, and some chemical compounds obtained from 12 species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, gathering of numerous spice and medicinal plants rich in valuable phytochemicals. The analysis of available publications showed radioprotective effectiveness of essential oils and complex extracts containing phenolic acids and flavonoids in various in vitro and in vivo models. Relatively welldocumented preventive properties exhibited the following species: Mentha × piperita, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Origanum vulgare, and Rosmarinus officinalis. However, few plants such as Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha arvensis, M. spicata, Plectranthus amboinicus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, S. officinalis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Zataria multiflora should be more investigated in the future. Among the mechanisms of radioprotective effects of well-studied extracts and phytochemicals, it can be mentioned mainly the protection against chromosomal damage, scavenging free radicals, decreasing of lipid peroxidation and elevating of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels as well as the reduction of the cell death. The plant substances protected the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and lung fibroblasts. The studied species of Lamiaceae family and their active chemical compounds are potent in alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy and should be considered as a complementary therapy.