In given article widely revealed scientific expedition of French researcher Charles-Eugene Ujfalvy to the Central Asia. In particular, deeply analyzed anthropological and ethnographic researches of the scientist in valleys of the Syr-Darya and Zerafchane, in oases Tashkent and Fergana, Dzungaria and Semiretche, the value of these scientific expeditions in the further French researches were shown. In order to study the history, culture, language, religion, ethnography and nature of the region, there have been numerous research works by Russian, English, German, and French researchers. Such studies were initially conducted in archeology, ethnography, and geography, and later the study of culture, religion, and other areas has intensified. Then, without reaching the bridge leading to the castle gate, there was a narrow corridor to the Registan Square, where there were three famous madrasasas of Tilla-Kori, Sherdor and Ulugbek. After them, a dome with the Tomb of Amir Timur is visible. As a result of anthropological observations, a table was created to analyze the facial and body composition, skin and hair color, eyes, ears and nose of the local population. In exploring different types of peoples, the author cites information from Chinese sources. For example, when describing the people with blonde hair in Kuhistan, the blue eyes, blonde hair, and nose of the tribal people show that the Chinese were stunned. According to the traveler, the expedition members, like other foreigners, were treated as merchants who came to gain wealth. Merchants did not have honorary positions in the country. (Typkecmahckuucoophuk, 1880. T.240. C.243–251).