Casting Procedure Research Articles

Resveratrol-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles: Fabrication and in vitro Evaluation

AbstractResveratrol (Res), an active ingredient derived from a multitude of plants, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability present significant challenges to its clinical application. Our study aimed to improve the transdermal absorption of Res using dissolving microneedle (MN) technology, which could effectively overcome the stratum corneum barrier. Res-loaded dissolving microneedles (Res-MNs) were fabricated using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90) as the matrix material, and a two-step casting procedure was employed. The process was optimized using the Box–Behnken experimental design approach. The characteristics of Res-MNs in vitro, including morphology, solubility, safety evaluation, and skin permeation, were studied. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of Res-MNs were a centrifugation time of 10 minutes, a solvent concentration of 25%, and a prescription ratio (Res: matrix) of 0.375. The skin permeability of the Res-MNs was enhanced compared with Res suspension and Res gel. The cumulative release of Res-MNs in vitro was 75%, which was approximately 5 and 3 times that of the Res suspension group and Res gel group. These results suggest that dissolving MNs may represent a potential approach for enhancing the transdermal delivery of poorly absorbed drugs such as Res.

Grain Structure and Tensile Properties of As-Cast and Aged Pb–1.1%Sn–0.05%Ca

Abstract The effects of temperature parameters of casting procedure and aging time at room temperature on the grain structure and tensile properties of Pb–1.1%Sn–0.05%Ca alloy for positive grids of lead-acid batteries were studied by means of optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile properties measurements. It was established that with melt or mold temperatures rising, grains in the alloy structure become larger, which causes an increase in the elongation and a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy. Natural aging for 32 days does not noticeably change grain size but affects tensile properties of the alloy. Final ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and Young’s modulus are found to be 2.7, 4.9, and 1.3 times higher, respectively, but the elongation is 2.4 times lower because of the precipitation of intermetallic phases.

Analysis and optimization of quantitative casting motion of a casting and pouring robot

According to the specifications of a 20 kg load for the casting barrel, we have crafted a three-dimensional model of the robot and scrutinized the three phases of liquid level variation within the casting barrel throughout the casting procedure. Following our analysis, it has been ascertained that the relationship between time and angle is an implicit function, rendering the discovery of an analytical expression for time in terms of angle unattainable. The dynamics of the casting barrel have been emulated using MATLAB, revealing the presence of critical points in the function plot. Upon fitting the original function with a fifth-degree polynomial interpolation, the resultant fifth-degree polynomial function depicting time against angular acceleration exhibits significant oscillations, particularly at the critical points. To address this, a proportional integral derivative algorithm, predicated on the discretization of time and acceleration functions, has been implemented for rectification. The outcomes demonstrate that this approach effectively diminishes the oscillation amplitude of the function plot and enhances its alignment with the original function.

Liquid state properties and amorphous solidification kinetics of multicomponent Fe_{50-x}Co_{x}Cr_{14}Mo_{14}C_{9}B_{8}Tm_{5} alloys investigated under containerless processing conditions.

The liquid state thermophysical properties and amorphous solidification kinetics of Fe_{50-x}Co_{x}Cr_{14}Mo_{14}C_{9}B_{8}Tm_{5} (x=10, 15, 20, and 25) alloys were explored by electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation techniques. It was found that the surface tension of liquid alloys with Fe contents below 30 at.% had a strong temperature dependence. The high surface tension led to a sharp increase in the interfacial free-energy penalty. A high nucleation barrier was formed inside the melt, which greatly inhibited the nucleation rate. The liquid viscosity revealed the strong liquid feature of this alloy series, which became the dominant kinetic factor determining their solidification mechanisms. The high viscosity hindered atomic diffusion and delayed nucleation. The long crystallizing incubation time of Fe_{30}Co_{20}Cr_{14}Mo_{14}C_{9}B_{8}Tm_{5} ensured a strong glass-forming ability and a low critical cooling rate of 2.11×10^{3}Ks^{-1}. As a result, a bulk metallic glass rod with an 8-mm diameter was successfully prepared by a convenient casting procedure. This rod could remain in a glassy state at a higher temperature and over a wider temperature range due to its high glass-transition temperature and large undercooled liquid region. The apparent activation energy for nucleation was derived as 463.8 kJmol^{-1} according to the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, indicating that the bulk metallic glass had to absorb a large amount of energy to overcome the potential barriers before nucleation and thus exhibited excellent thermal stability.

Mechanical Properties of Pb–0.7%Sn–0.08%Ca Positive Grid Alloy for Lead-Acid Batteries

The effects of casting procedure and ageing time on the tensile properties of Pb–0.7%Sn–0.08%Ca positive grid alloy for lead-acid batteries were investigated. As a preheating temperature of a mold during casting increases from 40°C to 170°C, ultimate tensile strength decreases, but elongation increases due to the changes in the grain structure of the alloy. Prolongation of ageing time up to 32 days causes the increase in strength and decrease in elongation, with higher ageing rate observed during first 15 days.

Enhancing bone tissue engineering with nanocomposites based on NiO nanoparticles/graphene oxide

Through the creation and characterization of novel poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-based nanocomposites containing graphene oxide (GO), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP), and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles, this study seeks to improve the performance of bone tissue scaffolds. Utilizing a casting procedure to create nanocomposites, wet chemical methods were used to synthesize nano-HAP. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The nanocomposite comprising 5 % GO + 5 % NiO + 10 % nano-HAP showed a 110 % increase in tensile modulus, a 38 % increase in extension, and a 29 % increase in load-bearing capacity compared to plain PLLA. The results showed a considerable increase in mechanical strength. On the surfaces of the nanocomposite, osteoblast adhesion and proliferation increased by 185 %, according to biological tests. Studies on degradation revealed regulated rates that matched bones' natural mending process while preserving a pH environment that was steady. According to these results, adding nanostructures to PLLA scaffolds improves their mechanical and biological properties considerably, which may lead to therapeutic uses in bone tissue engineering in the future.

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose blended polymers doped with PPy/milled MWCNTs filler for Flexible optoelectronic and Energy Storage Applications

Using the solution casting procedure, poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose/polypyrene/milled multiwall carbon nanotubes, PVA/CMC/PPy/x wt% milled MWCNTs blended polymers were formed. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to inspect the structure and morphology of the resulted blends. The lowest direct and indirect optical band gaps are (5, 4.3) eV and (4.37, 3.38) eV, respectively, achieved when the MWCNTs content in the doped blend was 0.25 wt %. By incorporating varying quantities of milled MWCNTs into the PVA/CMC/PPy blended polymer, consistent enhancements were observed in the optical dielectric constant and optical conductivity values. The blend with 0.25 wt% MWCNTs exhibited the maximum values of refractive index. The maximum electric dielectric constant and energy density values were attained as x = 0.15. The temperature impacted the dielectric constants and energy storage values. All blends fit with the CBH model. The impact of MWCNTs doping level and the temperature on the impedance spectroscopy and electric modulus of the host blend was explored. The sample with x = 0.15 has the smallest relaxation time. The impact of MWCNTs doping level on the dc conductivity, activation energy and conductivity mechanism of the host blend was explored. The doped blends with x = 0.15 is viable materials for energy storage purposes.

New spin coated multilayer lactate biosensor for acidosis monitoring in continuous flow assisted with an electrochemical pH probe

A LOx-based electrochemical biosensor for high-level lactate determination was developed. For the construction of the biosensor, chitosan and Nafion layers were integrated by using a spin coating procedure, leading to less porous surfaces in comparison with those recorded after a drop casting procedure. The analytical performance of the resulting biosensor for lactate determination was evaluated in batch and flow regime, displaying satisfactory results in both modes ranging from 0.5 to 20 mM concentration range for assessing the lactic acidosis. Finally, the lactate levels in raw serum samples were estimated using the biosensor developed and verified with a blood gas analyzer. Based on these results, the biosensor developed is promising for its use in healthcare environment, after its proper miniaturization. A pH probe based on common polyaniline-based electrochemical sensor was also developed to assist the biosensor for the lactic acidosis monitoring, leading to excellent results in stock solutions ranging from 6.0 to 8.0 mM and raw plasma samples. The results were confirmed by using two different approaches, blood gas analyzer and pH-meter. Consequently, the lactic acidosis monitoring could be achieved in continuous flow regime using both (bio)sensors.

Roughness analysis on porcelain sectional surface of porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns

This study aims to compare the roughness between the central and edge points on the porcelain sectional surface of porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns. Utilizing anatomical data from average molar dimensions, a simplified model for the endocrowns was created. Eight porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns were fabricated with an edge thickness of 0.3 mm. Following casting, firing, cutting, and polishing procedures, the roughness on porcelain sectional surface at both the central and edge points of the inner crown was assessed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The roughness measurement (Sq value) for the central point on porcelain sectional surface was (10.46 ± 3.37 nm), and for the edge point, it was (10.50 ± 1.99 nm). There was no statistically significant distinction between the central and edge points in terms of roughness. Despite the uneven thickness of the inner crown in porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns, it was observed that this disparity had negligible impact on the internal microstructure of the porcelain. Therefore, its application in dental clinical settings could be deemed viable.

A Cu doped RuO2 catalyst for efficient and durable acidic water oxidation

AbstractProducing hydrogen by water electrolysis in acidic system is essential for advancing the proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and maintaining the global sustainability. However, excavating highly active and durable catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid medium remains a great challenge due to the sluggish kinetics of OER and the severe catalyst dissolution. In this work, we developed a Cu doped RuO2 catalyst (Cu‐RuO2@CP) through simple drop casting and low temperature pyrolysis procedures. The incorporation of Cu into RuO2 executes complicated responsibilities: improving OER activity by raising more oxygen vacancies and accelerating the charge transfer between solid‐liquid interface; strengthening the long‐term durability via suppressing the over‐oxidation of RuO2 into soluble RuO4; lowering the catalyst cost by replacing with less expensive Cu. Hence, the Cu‐RuO2@CP exhibits excellent activity and stability in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte, requiring a low overpotential of 200 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and preserving stability for almost 500 h. Moreover, the overpotential is as low as 397 mV even when operating under an industrial‐level current density of 1000 mA cm−2, paving a new way to develop high performance OER electrocatalyst in acidic environment to promote the large‐scale utilization of PEMWE.

Exploring the AC conductivity and dielectric properties of PVA films doped with Erythrosin B

Erythrosin B (EB) doped in PVA film was processed utilizing the casting procedure, and the structure was investigated via the Fourier Transformation infrared technique (FTIR). FTIR analysis presented a strong formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among PVA and EB hydroxyl groups (OH). Characteristic temperature and frequency variation of dielectric behavior and AC electrical conductivity for films of PVA doped with Erythrosin B were analyzed at (293–383 K) temperature and (102–106 Hz) frequency. The AC conductivity dependency indicates that the predominant conduction mechanism in PVA doped with Erythrosin B films follows the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The charge carriers’ hopping involving localized states causes a relaxation process. Estimates were made for the AC conductivity activation energy and the conductivity relaxation energy. Frequency and temperature affect the dielectric constant (ε′) and the dielectric loss (ε″). The complex impedance spectrum (Z′ versus Z″) showed single semicircular arcs with a decreased radius with increasing temperature. The relaxation peaks in the electric modulus representation are clearly defined, and the relaxation period has been calculated.

Experience of accelerated ponseti method as a more convenient technique for newly diagnosed CTEV cases

The study's primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of this accelerated approach in achieving successful early correction of clubfoot deformity and improving the overall quality of life for these patients This is a prospective based hospital study where 50 patients (70 foot) taken into consideration. 50 patients randomised in two groups .one of which treated with conventional ponseti casting and other with accelerated ponseti casting. The mean days of plaster duration in accelerated casting group was 19.25 days as compared to 45.25 days in standard casting group (statistically significant, p<0.001). Also, Pirani score at the end of last follow up was comparable in both the groups. Tenotomy rate was slightly higher in accelerated casting group (88%) as compared to standard group (80%) which may be attributed to higher initial Pirani score in former (5.5) as compared to later (5.0). Clubfoot is socially stigmatized in underdeveloped nations; the early and optimistic outcome of the accelerated Ponseti casting procedure has a profound effect on parents as well as the orthopaedic surgeon treating them. The total length of the Ponseti casting treatment has been significantly shortened by the accelerated method without any complications.

Characterization of the Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Films Generated from Cassava Pomace

The pollution of the environment caused by conventional packing materials such as plastic has driven the need for biodegradable alternatives. Although starch is an important component in the development of such materials, starch is not suited for use as a biodegradable packaging material due to global hunger challenges. The current study successfully utilized the major industrial waste of the cassava starch processing industry to develop biodegradable films. Three packaging materials were developed using the casting procedure, which involved combining various quantities of cassava pomace (CP) and plasticizer combinations. The developed films were analyzed to evaluate their characteristics, such as color, thickness, density, moisture content, solubility, swelling index, mechanical properties, microscopic, and FT-IR characteristics. In contrast, concerning multiple aspects, each of the films demonstrated unique characteristics. The film with the lowest CP (C1) appeared to be thinner and lighter in color; however, it tended to contain a greater amount of moisture. The C1 film exhibited an adhesive property that was wellsuited for use as cling film. The intermediate CP film (C2) stands out because of its excellent mechanical characteristics, including high tensile strength and elongation at break. These attributes make it particularly well-suited for packaging applications, such as the production of biodegradable bags. Conversely, the swelling index and thickness of the highest CP film (C3) outperform both other films, suggesting that it may have the capacity to absorb higher moisture content. The scanning electron microscopic images revealed a uniform surface for all three samples. However, the cross-sectional images of C3 indicated internal cracks that were consistent with the lowest mechanical characteristics and flexibility. Therefore, the C3 film is more suitable for packaging items like plates. These films can serve as a viable, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable alternative to conventional packaging materials. Keywords: Mechanical properties, cassava pomace, physical properties, biodegradable films, micro-structure properties

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma: A green and novel method to change the structure of taro peel starch and improve the physicochemical properties of taro peel starch films

AbstractThe present study examined the impact of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment on the physicochemical characteristics of taro peel starch (TPS) and its films. This work reports for the first time on using native and modified TPS in the casting procedure to develop packaging films. The results showed that, as plasma exposure voltage and treatment time prolonged, the pH, 955 cm−1/1022 cm−1, % crystallinity, and turbidity of TPS significantly decreased, while amylose content, solubility, and 1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1 of TPS increased considerably. Despite this, modified TPS‐based films have comparatively smooth and homogeneous surfaces. Moreover, the modified starch‐based film exhibited the lowest water vapor permeability, elongation at break, and solubility, while highest opacity and tensile strength.

Modification in the Optical and Dielectric Characteristics of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blended Polymers Doped with Two Phases Nanocomposites for Application in Optoelectronic and Energy Storage Devices

Nanocomposite films comprised of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were fabricated via a solution casting procedure, with the incorporation of (1-x)CuCo2O4/xZnMn2O4. Our research described here was aimed to explore the impact of the (1-x)CuCo2O4/xZnMn2O4 on the structural, optical and electrical features of the PVA/CMC blended polymer, using various techniques. The different phases formed (CuCo2 O4 and/or ZnMn2O4) in (1-x) CuCo2O4/x ZnMn2O4 filler samples were identified applying Rietveld refinement analysis. The structures and morphologies of the PVA/CMC/(1-x)CuCo2O4/xZnMn2O4 blend composites were determined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Their various linear and nonlinear optical parameters were examined using the diffused reflectance technique. The blended polymer composite with x = 0.1 displayed the highest absorbance. The transmittance of the PVA/CMC blend declined from 91 to 69% when it was loaded with a nanocomposite containing 10% ZnMn2O4. The optical band gaps of the doped blend composites had their lowest values, 5.45 eV for direct transition and (4.83, 2.99, 2.31) eV for the indirect transition, as the blend was loaded with the fillers containing 10 and 15% ZnMn2O4. The study also explored the influence of the (1-x)CuCo2O4/x ZnMn2O4 on the fluorescence spectra and chromaticity diagram of the PVA/CMC blend. The effect of the filler on the complex dielectric constant, complex electric modulus, ac conductivity and electrical storage energy of the host blend was examined. The obtained characteristics imply potential utility of the doped blends in photocatalytic, UV-blocking, UV-filtering, optoelectronic, electrical storage, nonlinear optical and photonic applications.

Optical and Dielectric Features of PVA/CMC/PVP/ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/x wt% MWCNTs Blended Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications

This study is devoted to optimizing the optical and dielectric parameters of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blended polymer by adding ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4 nanocomposite and controlling the amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to engage them in flexible optoelectronics and storage energy capacitors. Herein, 0.9ZnMn2O4/0.1CuCo2O4 was synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and loaded with different ratios of MWCNTs into PVA/CMC/PVP blend to produce films by solution casting procedure. The crystallite size of 0.9ZnMn2O4/0.1CuCo2O4 was determined using transmission electron microscopy. The structures of the filler and doped blends were explored via the X-ray diffraction technique. The optical features of undoped and doped blends were explored by diffused reflectance and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The addition of ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4 to PVA/CMC/PVP caused a decline of direct and indirect optical band gaps from 5.33 and 5.03 eV to 5.19 and 4.66 eV, respectively. By adding different amounts of MWCNTs, the direct/indirect optical band gap reduced irregularly, and they attained their minimum values (5.07, 4.46) eV as it doped with 0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. The highest values of refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and nonlinear optical parameters were achieved in the blend containing ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. It is also found that the dielectric constant and ac conductivity rose with the insertion of ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. The highest energy density value was found in the polymer blend of PVA/CMC/PVP/ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.8 Wt% MWCNTs blended polymer. Electrical modulus and Nyquist plots for different blends were also examined. The results recommend the doped blends as a good candidate for optoelectronics and energy storage capacitor applications.

Influence of Zr Microalloying on the Microstructure and Room-/High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cu-Mn-Fe Alloy.

Here, 0.3 wt.%Zr was introduced in an Al-4 wt.%Cu-0.5 wt.%Mn-0.1 wt.%Fe alloy to investigate its influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. The microstructures of both as-cast and T6-treated Al-Cu-Mn-Fe (ACMF) and Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Zr (ACMFZ) alloys were analyzed. The intermetallic compounds formed through the casting procedure include Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe, and the Al2Cu phase dissolves into the matrix and re-precipitates as θ' phase during the T6 process. The introduction of Zr results in the precipitation of L12-Al3Zr nanometric precipitates after T6, while the θ' precipitates in ACMFZ alloy are much finer than those in ACMF alloy. The L12-Al3Zr precipitates were found coherently located with θ', which was assumed beneficial for stabilizing the θ' precipitates during the high-temperature tensile process. The tensile properties of ACMF and ACMFZ alloys at room temperature and elevated temperatures (200, 300, and 400 °C) were tested. Especially, the yield strength of ACMFZ alloys can reach 128 MPa and 65 MPa at 300 °C and 400 °C, respectively, which are 31% and 33% higher than those of ACMF alloys. The strengthening mechanisms of grain size, L12-Al3Zr, and θ' precipitates on the tensile properties were discussed. This work may be referred to for designing Al-Cu alloys for application in high-temperature fields.

Tribological analysis of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) hybrid metal matrix composite through the use of Taguchi’s method and machine learning classifiers

The preparation and tribological behavior of the titanium metal matrix (Ti-6Al-4V) composite reinforced with tungsten carbide (WCp) and graphite (Grp) particles were investigated in this study. The stir casting procedure was used to fabricate the titanium metal matrix composites (TMMCs), which had 8 weight percent of WCp and Grp. The tribological studies were designed using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array technique and were carried out as wear tests using a pin-on-disc device. According to Taguchi’s analysis and ANOVA, the most significant factors that affect wear rate are load and distance, followed by velocity. The wear process was ascertained by scanning electron microscopy investigation of the worn surfaces of the composite specimens. Pearson’s heatmap and Feature importance (F-test) were plotted for data analysis to study the significance of input parameters on wear. Machine learning classification algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and XGBoost algorithms accurately classified the wear rate data, giving an accuracy value of 71.25%, 65%, and 56.25%, respectively.

Preparation, structural characterization, optical, photoluminescence, AC electrical conductivity and broadband dielectric properties of WO3 reinforced PEG/CS blend for futuristic optoelectronic and energy storage devices

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) composed of biopolymers and metallic oxides are important classes of materials. In addition to the environmental and economic considerations, these materials became the best candidates for various industrial fields. In the current study, solution cast procedure is used to prepare polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)/chitosan (CS) blend and varying concentrations of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs), as a nanofiller. TEM micrograph shows that WO3 NPs have particle sizes of 5–32 nm their shapes are cubic and spherical. The XRD results reveal the semicrystalline of PEG/CS blend through showing three distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ = 7.42°, 19.47° and 23.62° and the degree of crystallinity is decreased after the incorporation of WO3 NPs due to the formation of polymer-nanoparticle interactions as indicated by FTIR spectra. The values of optical energy bandgap (direct and indirect) reduce while the Urbach energy increases with raising the concentration of WO3 NPs in the PEG/CS matrix. The PEG/CS-WO3 films' PL spectra show a photoemission peak at about 387 nm, where this peak loses intensity and becomes broader due to the induced defects and increase of disordering within the nanocomposite films. Additionally, the results of the dielectric investigation show an increase in the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC electrical conductivity, which may be a sign of an increase of charge carriers and the content of amorphous regions that assists the movement of charge carriers. The DC electrical conductivity and conduction mechanism are also reported. Argand plot shows a half semicircle implying the Debye-type relaxation mechanism. The experimental results suggest the use of PEG/CS-WO3 nanocomposites as a possible contender for futuristic energy storage and optoelectronic applications.

Optical properties of synthesized PVA/Cellulose phosphate composite films doped with Zn2+ ions for optical device applications

In this work, composite films of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose phosphate doped with Zn2+ (PVA/CP/Zn2+) were prepared through a film casting procedure. The prepared films were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. The XRD revealed a decrease in the semi-crystalline nature as Zn2+ concentrations increased. The TGA showed enhanced thermal stability for the composite films, where the SEM images illustrated the formation of a non-homogeneous surface morphology. The transmittance-absorption spectroscopic measurements showed a noticeable decrease in both the indirect energy gap (Eig) and the direct energy gap (Eg). Eig was decreased from 5.05 to 4.77 eV and Eg decreased from 5.51 eV to 5.12 eV with increasing Zn2+ concentration from zero to 14 wt%. Moreover, the transition strength (Ed), oscillator wavelength (λo), and the excitation energy (Es) were found to increase as Zn2+ content increased. These findings not only shed light on the physicochemical attributes of the prepared films but also emphasize their promising potential utilization in optical components.