Rutilus Frisii Kutum Research Articles

Correction to: Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Correction to: Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Early morphological and histological development and allometric growth of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii

Tracking the migration and distribution of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus kutum, Kamenskii, 1901) along the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea based on stable isotope analysis

Tracking the migration and distribution of Caspian Kutum (<i>Rutilus kutum</i>, Kamenskii, 1901) along the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea based on stable isotope analysis

Tumor Lesions in the Caspian White Fish (Rutilus kutum)

Background: Due to the multifactorial etiology, tumor manifestation in any vertebrate species may become a critical issue. This topic requires more consideration for species in aquatic ecosystems as an enclosed habitat. In addition, knowledge about oncogenesis in the aquaculture industry enhances the quality of products and its earned benefits. Objectives: This study investigated the tumor lesions, their characteristics, and probable causes, in the most commercially important fish in the southern Caspian Sea: Caspian white fish (Rutilus kutum). Methods: To accomplish this goal, after gross pathology of more than 20 cases, histopathological examinations and electron microscopic assays were employed. Results: The findings confirmed squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell papilloma in the examined cases. Furthermore, the virus-like particles were clearly observed in the transmission electron microscopy results, indicating the probable viral etiology for these neoplastic lesions in Caspian Kutum. Conclusion: This study is the first to report the tumor prevalence in fish species of the southern Caspian Sea, which could be an alert for the mentioned ecosystem’s health and the whole aquaculture industry.

Assessment of microplastic contamination in some commercial fishes of the southern Caspian Sea and its potential risks.

This study examined the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of 384 fishes classified into four species from 11 sites in 2022 from the southern part of the Caspian Sea. GITs of fishes were collected and digested in H2O2 and KOH at 45°C for 72h. After filtration, extracted MPs were observed under a stereomicroscope, and selected MP particles were identified using FTIR. Presence of MPs was 68.98% in the GIT of the investigated fish. The mean abundance of MPs was 5.9 ± 0.9 MPs/GIT in Rutilus kutum, 9.2 ± 1.2 MPs/GIT in Chelon auratus, 3.6 ± 0.7 MPs/GIT in Alosa braschnikowi, and 2.7 ± 0.5 MPs/GIT in Vimba vimba. The predominant form of MPs was fiber (58.21%), followed by fragment (34.77%). Black (34.4%), white (19.07%), and blue (14.58%) were the most frequently detected colors of MPs. Overall, 6 MP polymers were identified, dominantly polypropylene (42.86%), polystyrene (17.86%), and cellophane (14.28%). The western part of the Caspian Sea (mostly tourist spots and urban areas) showed more MP pollution in fish compared to the eastern part. Polymer hazard index (PHI) revealed alarming microplastic contamination in the southern Caspian Sea. The PHI value of the present study showed that PES (PHI = 8403.78) and PS (PHI = 535.80) were "Extreme danger" and "Danger" risk categories, respectively.

Extraction, microstructural, and FTIR characterization of elastin from skin and swim bladder of Caspian white fish Rutilus kutum

Extraction, microstructural, and FTIR characterization of elastin from skin and swim bladder of Caspian white fish Rutilus kutum

Physiological deceiving of Rutilus kutum fry with a saline diet in freshwater to stimulate the ionosmotic regulation system and direct transfer to the Caspian Sea

Physiological deceiving of Rutilus kutum fry with a saline diet in freshwater to stimulate the ionosmotic regulation system and direct transfer to the Caspian Sea

Microplastic Pollution in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gills of Some Teleost and Sturgeon Fish from the Caspian Sea, Northern Iran.

The increasing microplastic pollution in the marine environment has raised global concern. The main risk of microplastics in aquatic ecosystem is their bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. A few studies have reported microplastic pollution in the digestive system of Caspian Sea fish species, but there is no research on sturgeon species, nor on fish gills. We investigated the occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and gills of 62 specimens belonging to four species including three teleosts (Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus kutum, and Chelon aurata) and one sturgeon (Acipenser persicus, a valuable endangered species) from the Caspian Sea between January and March 2022. Fish tissues were removed, exposed for 24 h to 10% KOH, and then dried on filter paper. Particles were observed under a stereomicroscope and analyzed by Raman microspectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. A total of 91 microplastics were detected in the GIT (average of 1.46 ± 1.17 items/individual) and 63 microplastics in the gills (average of 1.01 ± 0.62 items/individual). A significant correlation was not found between the number of microplastics found in both tissues and fish body length, body weight, GIT weight, and gill weight (p > 0.05), except between microplastics isolated from gills and gill weight in C. carpio (rs = 0.707, p = 0.022). The abundance of microplastics in fish followed the order of A. persicus > C. aurata > R. kutum > C. carpio. The microplastics were in the size range of 45 to 5000 µm, with particles of 300 to 1000 µm being the most prevalent; 74.68% of the particles were shaped like fibers, 30.53% were red, and 70.6% were composed of nylon polymer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2453-2465. © 2023 SETAC.

Meta-analysis and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in muscles of commercial fishes in Caspian Sea.

Heavy metals from contaminated seafood can have serious consequences for human health. Several studies on the amount of heavy metals in Caspian Sea fish have been conducted to ensure their food safety. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the levels of five toxic heavy metals; Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), and Arsenic (As) in muscles of commercial fishes of the Caspian Sea with assessing their health risk of developing oral cancer in terms of fish collection place and fish type. A systematic search was performed, and the random effect model was applied for meta-analysis. Finally, 14 studies with 30 different sets of results were included. Our results showed that the pooled estimates for Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and As were 0.65mg/kg (0.52, 0.79), 0.08mg/kg (0.07, 0.10), 0.11mg/kg (0.07, 0.15), 1.77mg/kg (1.26, 2.27), and 0.10mg/kg (- 0.06, 0.26) respectively. The levels of Pb and Cd were higher than their (FAO/WHO) maximum limits. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd in Mazandaran, and Hg in Gilan were more than Total Daily Intake (TDI) limits. The consumers' non-carcinogenic risk (THQ) for Hg in Mazandaran and Gilan, and As in Gilan, was unsafe. Carcinogenic risk (CR) for Cr and Cd in all three provinces, and for As in Mazandaran and Gilan, was greater than 1*10 - 4 and was unsafe. The lowest and highest risk levels of oral cancer were for Rutilus kutum and Cyprinus carpio respectively.

The effects of the water-soluble fractions of crude oil on liver and kidney tissues of Caspian Kutum juveniles, Rutilus frisii

The lethal and histopathological impacts of crude oil's Water-Soluble Fraction (WSF) on the liver and kidney tissues of juvenile Rutilus frisii were investigated. The LC50 96 h of WSF was calculated at 33.95 ppm. Fish exposed to two concentrations (0.1 LC50 and LC50) of WSF and control for 24 and 96 h were used for histopathological studies. Tissues in the control group and 0.1 LC50–24 h were healthy, and no specific damages were observed. With increasing exposure time (96 h) and concentration (LC50), damages' type, frequency, and intensity gradually increased. Cloudy swelling, loss of cell boundary, nuclei deformation, and congestion of blood vessels were found in the liver, enlarged glomeruli, reduced Bowman's space, and occlusion of the tubular lumen, were found in the kidney. It is demonstrated that the WSF of crude oil can cause severe damage to the tissues of juvenile Kutum, depending on the exposure concentration.

Modelling habitat preference of Caspian Kutum, Rutilus kutum, using non-linear habitat suitability indices and generalized additive models

The distribution of Caspian Kutum, Rutilus kutum, an economically important fish species with a limited understanding of its ecology, was investigated along the southern Caspian Sea coast to identify the environmental drivers of its occurrence. The environmental predictors including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, particulate organic and inorganic carbon, aerosol optical thickness, depth, bottom slope, coastline aspect and distance to rivers, and long-term monthly commercial beach seine catch data, procured from 2002 to 2012, were analysed. Using two alternative approaches to describe catch per unit effort (CPUE), a multiplicative effect of predictors was found that is often being used in fishery studies (the so-called continued product model, HSICPM) to perform weaker than a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). The highly variable CPUE was strongly related to sea surface temperature, bottom slope, aerosol optical thickness and distance to rivers using HSICPM, but coastline aspect, particulate inorganic carbon and bottom slope in the GAM. The steps involved in computing the HSICPM led to a biased fit. This study provides a robust quantification of habitat characteristics of Caspian Kutum that can be used to inform management plans with both commercial and conservation goals.

Population structure of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii, Nordmann, 1840) in the southern coast of Caspian Sea using Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers

The Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii, Nordmann, 1840) is one of the most important semi-anadromous endemic fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. The fisheries from wild populations of R. frisii are declined drastically due to variability of sea levels, overfishing, and illegal fishing. For this regard, genetic studies is very noticed to maintain of remained this endangered species. Here, we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) approach to explore population structure, genetic variability, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 146 individuals from eight rivers in Iran. In total 86,274 SNP loci were determined, and after filtering, 16,193 high-quality SNP markers were applied in statistical analyses. Twenty-eight percent of selected SNPs were located in genic regions and about 65% of these SNPs were in the coding sequence. Of the 102 SNP loci, 42 loci were found to be polymorphic and bi-allelic. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of these SNPs varied from 0.156 to 0.471. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) per locus ranged from 0.119 to 0.864, while the expected heterozygosity (He) per locus was from 0.142 to 0.569. Among these SNP loci, 22 SNP loci were significantly deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01) after Bonferroni correction. Both Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and Bayesian clustering satisfyingly showed population genomic structure in Caspian kutum populations, indicating the description of distinct population segments. The first development of SNP markers in this study provides the better monitoring of population genetic variation in Caspian kutum at a more detailed level and in the scarce of genetic information about this species.

Effects of rearing density on physicochemical properties of water, growth parameters, survival, and body composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii)

Effects of rearing density on physicochemical properties of water, growth parameters, survival, and body composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii)

Effects of fishing and environmental parameters on the commercial bony fish assemblage in the southern Caspian Sea

Since the 1990s, anthropogenic activities have been the major direct or indirect threats to the structural and functional organization of the unique ecosystem of the Caspian Sea (CS). This study attempts to investigate the relationships between fish community structure and environmental parameters and to analyze the Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) in the CS. The input data, including catch data by species and environmental parameters, were collected from 1996 to 2017. Of the 13 bony fish species identified, only two species Rutilus kutum and Chelon aurata accounted for 47.14% and 62.65%, and 40.80% and 29.34% of CPUE and NPUE, respectively. DisTLM revealed that five environmental variables showed a significant linear relationship with the NPUE resemblance matrix. Based on the AIC criteria, the combination of year, precipitation, SST_Apr, SSL, SST, GTA, Iranian rivers, and Volga discharges explain 80.3% of the total variability. Based on the ABC curves and W statistics, it was concluded that the fish assemblage was environmentally stressed from 1996 to 2003. The Shannon diversity index (H´) showed a decreasing trend, suggesting that fish species have been exposed to increasing stress over the past 22 years. Considering the current environmental conditions (downward trend in SSL river discharge and increase in SST) and anthropogenic activities, it appears that the downward trend will continue in the future.

Age Structure and Growth Rate of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) Population in Vali Abad River (Southern Caspian Sea), Iran

Age Structure and Growth Rate of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) Population in Vali Abad River (Southern Caspian Sea), Iran

Effects of Silver Nanocolloid and Copper Oxide (I) on HSP70 Expression and GST Activity in the Caspian Kutum

The present study investigated the lethal and semi-lethal effects of silver nanocolloid and copper (I) oxide nanoparticles on the expression of HSP70 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the gill, liver, and serum of the Caspian kutum fry (Rutilus kutum). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of silver nanocolloid (0.05, 0.35, and 0.7 of LC50) and copper (I) oxide nanoparticles (0.25 and 0.5 of LC50). The results showed a high expression of the HSP70 gene on the 7th and 21st days of exposure to silver nanocolloid and copper (I) oxide nanoparticles. Significant changes in GST levels were observed under the influence of silver nanocolloid in the gills and serum. In conclusion, variations of the HSP70 gene expression and GST activity show that the presence of nanoparticles could be affecting the antioxidant system in the fish body; indicating that their excessive influx brings disruptive danger to aquatic health.

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions using three biosorbents of aquatic origin with the emphasis on the affective factors

The biosorptive potentials of three aquatics-based biosorbents, including shells of a bivalve mollusk and scales of two fish species for Pb removal from aqueous solutions were evaluated, for the first time. A Box–Behnken design with the response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the seven important variables (contact time, temperature, initial concentration, dosage, size, salinity and pH) on the sorption capacity of the sorbents. Among the seven studied factors, the effects of biosorbent dosage, initial concentration and pH were significant for all the response variables, while biosorbent size was not significant for any of the responses. The initial concentration was the most influential factor. The presence of Pb ions on the surfaces of the biosorbents after the adsorption was clearly confirmed by the SEM–EDX and XRF analyses. The maximum sorption capacities of the biosorbents were comparable to the literature and the descending order was as follows: scales of Rutilus kutum and Oncorhynchus mykiss and the shells of Cerastoderma glaucum. The isotherm studies revealed Langmuir model applicability for the Pb adsorption by R. kutum and O. mykiss scales, while Freundlich model was fitted to the adsorption C. glaucum shells.

Pollution zoning on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea by measuring metals in Rutilus kutum tissue.

The aim of this study was to bio monitor the status of heavy metals on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea by determining the concentration of these metals in the tissue of Rutilus kutum. Sampling of kidney tissue, liver, muscle, skin, and gonad of this fish was performed in 5 sites. Sampling was performed in Anzali, Kiashahr, Astara, Farahabad, and Bandar Torkaman from September 2017 to January 2018. In this study, the concentration of elements in different tissues was determined. Contamination zonation was determined by the concentration of metals in fish tissues. The highest amount of Pb accumulation (0.73ppb) was determined in Astara and Anzali regions and in liver tissue. The highest amount of Cd (0.23ppb) was reported in Astara region and in fish liver. Zoning showed that the concentration of most elements in the west of the Caspian Sea is higher than in the east; in other words, the west of the Caspian Sea is more polluted than the east. Existence of polluting sources such as ports, customs, agricultural lands, and tourism industry are important factors of pollution in these areas. Annual biological monitoring along with accurate identification of pollutant sources can help reduce this pollution, especially in the western part of the Caspian Sea. This study showed that the use of zoning technique in environmental studies as an effective management tool can be very useful in providing appropriate ways to identify and control sources and pollutants in the coast.

Enhanced soluble expression of glutathione S-transferase Mu from Rutilus kutum by co-expression with Hsp70 and introducing a novel inhibitor for its activity

One of the most critical challenges in recombinant protein production is the increment of protein solubility. The overexpression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in cancers leads to the fast detoxification of drug substrates that is subsequently followed by increased drug resistance. In this study, the co-expression of Rutilus kutum Hsp70 (RkHsp70) with the mu-class GST (RkGST-μ) from the same source was analyzed to increase the solubility of aggregate-prone RkGST-μ. Based on the results, the co-expressed RkGST-μ cells showed substantially higher solubility and specific activity compared to control. The kinetic properties of the enzyme were measured and its optimum pH and temperature were observed at pH 8 and 35 °C. Furthermore, this study introduces ZM-093, a sulfamethoxazole-based azo with IC50 values of 24.45 μM (p < 0.0001), as a novel RkGST-μ inhibitor. Overall, the present study provides clear findings in support of using molecular chaperones to enhance the solubility of recombinant proteins.

Spatial distribution and diversity of commercial demersal fish species in the shelf waters of the Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea (CS) is a unique ecosystem known for its several fish species, especially sturgeons. To exhaustively manage the fish stocks of this ecosystem, detailed knowledge of species composition, abundance, distribution, and the habitat traits of the living organisms is necessary. This study analyzed the diversity, spatial, and seasonal distribution of commercial demersal fish species, and examined the relationships between community structure and environmental variability in Iranian shelf waters of the CS. For this purpose, seasonally fish sampling took place between 2009 and 2011 with a bottom trawl. Among 11 fish species captured, Chelon spp., Rutilus kutum, and Vimba vimba showed the highest abundances (i.e. 88.49%, 10.67%, and 0.69%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed differences in commercial fish assemblages (abundance and species richness) according to seasons and regions. Distance-based Linear Model (DisTLM) showed that eight environmental variables display significant linear relationships with the fauna resemblance matrix (p < .05). Based on AIC criteria, the combination of silt&clay, TOM, longitude, depth, bottom, and surface temperature used to build the parsimonious DisTLM model explain 67.03% of the total variability. The results revealed a biogeographical and temporal gradient from the west to the east and summer to winter, in terms of commercial demersal fish assemblages and species diversity, as a consequence of different geomorphological, bottom substratum conditions and benthic communities.