Casino Business Research Articles

관광법제에서의 공법적 쟁점에 관한 일고찰

Korea's tourism legislation has the Basic Tourism Act, which sets basic matters for tourism, and the Tourism Promotion and Development Fund Act, which includes regulations on tourism finance, but above all, it is characterized by the focus of the Tourism Promotion Act. The Framework Act on Tourism and the Tourism Promotion Act stipulate each tourism-related administrative plan to achieve the purpose and purpose of each law, but it needs to be improved due to the problem that the sub-plan is not systematically consistent with the top plan. In addition, tourism is not only a business but also a target of tourism for the entire nation, including the socially vulnerable, but there is no legal basis that can be substantially embodied as well as instructive regulations on the so-called “right to tourism.” The casino business is a tourism area that should be promoted as a unique area of tourism business and at the same time as a gambling industry that should be suppressed. ‘The Law on Integrated Supervision of the gambling industry’ has a special restriction on the total sales system through organizational legal regulations, but there is no action legal basis. Tourism finance is operated around the 'Tourism Promotion and Development Fund'. Among the contributions that are the financial resources of this fund, the problem related to the constitutional legitimacy is the departure payment, and it is judged that it does not meet all the requirements for the permissibility of the financial burden required by the Korean Constitutional Court. If the constitutional legitimacy of this levy is denied by the Constitutional Court, it will be difficult to secure funds for the Tourism Promotion and Development Fund, so it is necessary to introduce another levy with constitutional legitimacy.

The Effect of Restorative Servicescape Perceived by Casino Integrated Resort Visitors on Place Attachment and Place Loyalty

This study examined the Impact of restorative servicescape perceived by casino integrated resort visitors on place attachment and place loyalty, and the effect of place attachment in the relationship between restorative servicescape and place loyalty. Through this research, the aim is to explore ways to effectively create a service environment for casino businesses and to establish efficient place marketing strategies that can provide a differentiated and competitive advantage. First, a preliminary investigation was conducted to examine the concepts and characteristics of the study subjects, and a questionnaire based on these findings was used. To increase the validity of the questionnaire in this study and to select a sample with a high understanding of the concept of casino integrated resorts, face-to-face offline research was conducted targeting employees in the management sector of Paradise City Casino Integrated Resort in Yeongjongdo, Incheon. Among them, visitors who were over 20 years old and had visited overseas casino integrated resorts such as Macao, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, and Las Vegas within the past two years were selected as the sample. A total of 410 questionnaires were distributed and collected from July 3, 2020, to August 11, 2020. Out of the 410 collected questionnaires, only 374 valid questionnaires were used, excluding 36 that showed inaccurate or insincere tendencies. Empirical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0, structural equation modeling, and Sobel’s Z test. The study results revealed that the restorative servicescape perceived by casino integrated resort visitors significantly influenced both place attachment and place loyalty. Visitors’ place attachment had a positive and significant impact on place loyalty, and place attachment was found to serve as a partial mediator in the relationship between restorative servicescape and place loyalty. Based on the research findings, the academic and practical implications of this study were presented, along with the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research.

The valuation effects of hotel mergers

This study aims to evaluate the merger effect of hotel mergers between 1981 and 2019 and assess which theoretical framework mergers in the lodging industry would conform. Previously, no work has been done about the nature of hotel mergers using the combined return, while this lack of thoroughness in assessing the motivation of those mergers has triggered different interpretations. The design of this study follows the traditional framework of an event study by assessing various types of cumulative abnormal returns around the announcement date. The key finding of this study suggests that the nature of hotel mergers strongly supports the synergy hypothesis. In order to explore the causal inferences of this result by bidder and target, an additional analysis was conducted by regressing the cumulative abnormal returns on accounting measures as well as merger- and hotel industry–specific variables. This panel data analysis showed that in a merger where both the bidder and target are affected, the amount of total debt, being engaged in the casino business, and whether the merger was involving a stock swap sent out positive signals to the market, whereby longer duration and higher deal value lifted the undervalued target. JEL Classifications: G34 (Mergers; Restructuring; Corporate Governance)

A Qualitative Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on Macau’s Gaming Industry

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research note is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Macau’s gaming industry. In-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of the six casino groups in Macau. The findings reveal that the casino business has been profoundly affected by the limitations on tourist mobility. In terms of casino operations, hygiene measures have been improved and even become a selling point. The pandemic has also led to weird atmosphere in the casinos, which affects both customers and casino management. Casinos have reduced labor costs without laying off employees. Finally, this study indicates that the gaming industry will remain the leading industry in Macau despite Covid-19. At the same time, collaboration and integration with the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area is the way of the future for Macau.

How do advantage players exploit casinos’ premium offers? Simulations and solutions

ABSTRACT This paper uses computational and stochastic measures to demonstrate the negative impacts on the casino business of advantage players that legally rely on their knowledge to continuously make profits at licensed casinos worldwide. We present the stochastic process utilized by the advantage players to make profits from premium offers. We show in detail how players estimate the probability of reaching the win goal, the net-expected-win value, and the total expected return. In addition, a simulation is conducted to determine the amount of the starting capital that is needed before participating in games. The findings provide significant implications that advantage players are capable of exploiting premium offers and profiting from the casinos.

언어네트워크 분석을 활용한 국내 카지노 연구동향 분석

This study examined the casino research trends in Korea using the semantic network analysis. A total of 517 casino-related studies identified through RISS search, were used for the analysis. Both frequency of occurrence and centrality analysis results showed that research topics related to human resource management, casino customers, and casino businesses ranked the top. Among them, the influence of human resource management related keywords was the largest. The result of comparative analysis of casino research trends divided them into two periods: the first half (2008-2013) and the second half (2014-2019) showed that the human resource management field was the most important topic of Korean casino research at all times. However, keywords such as 'integrated resort', 'corporate social responsibility', 'organizational citizenship', and ‘responsible gambling’ that were not in the first half appeared in the second half suggesting that the topics of Korean casino research are also changing due to changes in the casino industry and social needs. Finally, this study suggested that despite the quantitative increase in Korean casino research, the diversity of research topics is very limited. It is necessary to initiate creative research design in various aspects beyond existing research.

Demand forecasting model development through big data analysis

This study aims to predict the visit rate of game customers in order to efficiently deploy dealers to for table games in foreign-only casinos. The goal is to predict the number of customers visiting each casino game event by date and business hour, and ultimately, to predict the number of game tables necessary per game. Once the number of game tables has been decided upon, the number of game dealers going into the game will be decided, thus enabling efficient dealer operation. The number of games at the casino in question is nine, and the hours of operation are divided into three sections per day. The data used in the analysis are data on customer game history from January 2013 to December 2015 in certain areas of foreigner-only casinos in Korea, and external environment data such as holidays per country, exchange rate information, and weather conditions were utilized as well. In addition, the correlation between variables was analyzed and the key derived variables were utilized. As an analytical tool, SAS’s Big Data analysis tool was used. The prediction shows that some games have a 10–16.2% prediction error based on MAPE. Further, by MAE, there are no more than five absolute errors. Further research could result in more accurate predictions if data such as customer’s gaming preferences, environmental variables of casino businesses, and national situations were added to the analysis.

Understanding Chinese Gamblers' Adoption of Online Casinos based on E-Marketing Mix Model

This paper presents a quantitative study of online casino adoption based on the e-marketing mix model. The Internet has changed the business context of many industries. Online casino is one such rapidly growing industry. Different e-marketing approaches have been widely adopted by online casinos to attract more customers. In China, there are twice as many online gamblers as there are online shoppers. Due to the high population in China, the market potential is huge. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Chinese gamblers’ perceptions of e-marketing mix elements on their adoption of online casinos. The results can provide a reference for investors to develop more effective online casino businesses.

한국 경제 변화에 따른 사행산업 변화에 대한 연구

Legal gambling industry in Korea is casino, horse racing, bicycle racing, boat racing, lottery, sports promotion vote, bull fighting. In this study, we classified these gambling industries into three categories: casino business, lottery business, and sports betting business. After that analyzed how economic factors affect the gambling industry of Korea.BR The results of the study are as follows. The sales of gambling industry is continuously increasing, and the average sales growth rate is much higher than the average GDP growth rate of Korea. In particular, the proportion of sports betting accounts for more than 70% of the sales of gambling industry. The correlation of gambling industries with economic variables has a strong positive correlation except working hours per week. These results indicate that they are affected by economic changes. As a result of the regression analysis, it is possible to show all the regression equations as change of the entertainment culture expenditure. Therefore, as the economy grows and develops, the expenditure of entertainment and culture spending by households and individuals will increase, leading to the development of gambling industry.

Framing corporate social responsibility for a controversial product

ABSTRACT Firms operating casino businesses such as casino hotels often face scrutiny with heightened suspicion regarding the intent of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. This study examined how persuasive intent and the CSR issue influenced consumers’ processing of a CSR initiative for a casino hotel. The results of an experiment showed that participants reacted favorably to a CSR initiative, but such positive reactions disappeared when persuasive intent was explicit in the CSR message. This study further explored the underlying mechanism by testing a moderated mediation model in which issue importance in a CSR initiative acted as a moderator.

Do Single and Married Females Have the Same Standard of Work–Family Balance? Case Study of Frontline Employees in Macau

A high-quality work–family balance (WFB) can enhance job satisfaction and superior task performance, as well as reduce absenteeism and turnover rate, thereby enabling organisations to improve the effectiveness and commitment of their employees. This research investigates the features of quality WFB for female employees in a casino hotel in Macau. Many female employees continue to face the double burden of their careers and families. Long working hours, shift duties, demanding customers and stressful environment have become neglected phenomena in the casino business and could lead to an unbalanced WFB. Female employees experience disappointments and frustrations when work prevents them from providing care to their families. Previous studies have determined that male employees have better WFB than female employees. In particular, male employees know how to deal with their emotions, face responsibilities, take action and solve problems. By contrast, females are challenged to achieve WFB. Over the past decades, practitioners in the main hospitality industry have become increasingly interested in the female workforce. The high levels of family responsibility and shift work that females handle may cause them to experience high levels of work-family roles. Compared with male employees, female employees display lower levels of shift work tolerance but report more fatigue and sleepiness whilst working in a risk-exposed environment. This qualitative study involves face-to-face interviews with 30 female casino hotel employees (e.g., dealers, service staff, supervisors and managers) from 8 large major casino hotels. These respondents include single and married female frontline employees. Content analysis is performed to elaborate the female employees’ perception of WFB and identify their challenges in achieving such balance. Recommendations are provided for HR practitioners in terms of the appropriate policies and strategies to improve WFB of female casino hotel employees. Therefore, the proper approach will enable casino hotels to retain the best talents and increase the productivity and competitiveness of their organisation.

Casino Business in the Context of Tourism Development (Case: Montenegro)

Special Interest tourism (SIT) represents an answer to mass tourism and its goal is to ensure tourist destination sustainability. The casino industry is growing intensively in the territory of Montenegro and a question arises whether casino tourism development is an opportunity or a danger for Montenegro and its sustainability. The goals of this paper are to show and assess the current offerings and potential for development of casino tourism in Montenegro, to point out advantages and challenges in development of casino tourism in this type of destination. Econometric models were used for the needs of this paper (time series correlations and regression for defining relation between casino business and tourism, ARIMA model for prognosis of casino business in the context of tourism until 2020). For the first time in the territory of Montenegro, 14 anonymous interviews were carried out with casino players to determine the quality of current offerings for development of casino tourism in Montenegro. The main finding suggests that casino tourism in Montenegro is not sufficiently developed, but that we can boast of a high-quality casino offering such as Slovenia. Limitations lie in the lack of data over a long period and the non-existence of the records on number of casino tourists in Montenegro. The emphasis is put on the economic effects of developing casino tourism, rather than the social ones.

From gambling exposure to adaptation: Implications for casino sustainability

This paper draws upon the adaptation theory and discusses the impact of adaptation effect on casino business growth and sustainability. The study deploys secondary data and provides evidence for likely existence of the adaptation effect. This effect is derived from analyzing visitors’ profiles over 20 years from various sources. On the basis of this analysis, the study proposes various strategies including promoting casino tourism instead of gambling focus to sustain casino business. The current study lays foundation for sustainability research on the casino industry. Findings of this study have implications for researchers and practitioners in the gambling, tourism and hospitality fields.

비즈니스 생태계 관점에서 관광산업 건강성에 관한 연구

Investigation of the dynamic landscape of the tourism industry is a basic step needed to design policies and enhance national competitiveness. This study examines the tourism industry from the perspective of a business ecosystem and discusses the subsequent measures necessary for development. First, the study classifies the tourism industry into several types of business entities categorized under the National Tourism Promotion Act and analyzes their health using the industrial analysis method. This study uses 7 basic types of business defined by the Tourism Promotion Act and categorizes tour business throughout Korea. This tour business takes up over 50% of the tourism industry and involves 4 independent sectors. It excludes Casino business as this operates according to government authorization and is greatly different from the rest of the tourism industry. Therefore, it sets 9 types of tourism business as analysis units and uses raw statistical data compiled by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. To examine the health of the tourism industry, it compiles the number of businesses and employees and total sales revenues to establish a measurement index for productivity and robustness. As a result of the analysis, this study suggests stable growth trends for the industry, and provides policy assistance to stabilize a business cycle fraught with ups and downs. It also provides detailed direction to sustain stable growth throughout the tourism industry. The results of this study will contribute to framing the tourism industry within a business policy perspective and will provide the foundation for further in depth research.

The Economics of Taxation in Casino Tourism with Cross‐border Market Power

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical proof that casino taxation may have great potential as a contributor to tourism efficiency under sufficient market power. We also examine empirical evidence for the economic efficiency of casino tourism in Macao even with a “high” tax owing to geographic market power. Both theory and evidence point to such power as a key factor that affects the ability of a tourism resort to pass along local taxes to gambling visitors. This ability makes all the difference between the good or bad effect of casino taxes on tourism development. The policy implication is that a gaming tax should be lowered to support casino businesses if it is inefficient, but can be raised to extract public revenues if it is efficient.

IOT 기반의 카지노정보시스템 설계 및 구현(Windows OS, Windows Server)

카지노는 도박, 음악, 쇼 등 여러 분야의 오락시설을 갖춘 연회장 의미의 단어인 '카자(Casa)'에서 나왔다. 카지노(Casino)의 사전적 의미로는 '춤, 음악 따위의 오락 시설을 갖춘 공인 도박장. 룰렛이나 카드놀이 따위를 한다.'로 정의하고 있다. 이러한 카지노는 유럽 귀족들의 사교 목적으로 17 ~ 18세기부터 시작되었다가, 1930년대 미국에서 본격적인 카지노 산업의 틀을 갖추게 되었는데, 이런 카지노 사업의 흥행은 매출 증대로 이어지고, 지방 정부 및 국가의 세입에도 큰 도움이 될 뿐 아니라, 부수 관련 업무에 큰 도움이 된다. 카지노 업무는 통상 고객관리, 딜러 게임 관리, 안전, 출납 관리, 환전, 재환전 관리, 마케팅 관리, 콤프 관리, 알선 관리 등의 다양한 분야를 포함하는데, 이 업무들은 그룹웨어, ERP 및 고객관리(CRM) 등과 같은 정보시스템으로 서로 유기적으로 연결되어야만 한다. 여기에 숙박, 관광을 포함한 종합 엔터테인먼트 서비스까지 효과적으로 관리하려면 카지노 업무와 부수적인 엔터테인먼트 서비스를 지원하며, 경영 전반에 걸쳐 발생하는 데이터를 수집하고, 경영 상태에 관한 정보를 제공해 주는 정보 시스템이 반드시 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 내용을 고려하여 설계, 구현한 카지노 정보시스템을 제시하고자 한다. As a lexical meaning, casino is defined as "a certified gambling house, equipped with recreational facilities such as dance and music, etc., where people play roulette or cards." Casinos started from 17th to 18th century for European nobility and their social meetings and established a casino industry framework in the United States in the 1930s. The success of the casino business leads to the increase of sales; it became very helpful for the local and national government revenues and also for the related incidental tasks. Casino operations include a variety of fields, such as general customer management, dealer game management, security, account management, currency exchange, re-exchange management, marketing management, comp management and placement management, etc. These operations should be organically connected to each other by information systems such as a groupware, ERP and Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc. In addition, in order to effectively manage comprehensive entertainment service, including accommodation and tourism, it is necessary to develop an information system which supports casino business and collateral entertainment service, collects the data generated throughout the business and provides information about the situations of management. Thus, this study will propose a casino information system designed and implemented, considering these details.

CHINESE GAMBLERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF E-MARKETING MIX ELEMENTS FOR ONLINE CASINOS

Internet ubiquity has revolutionized numerous industries, making online shopping and auctions a profitable business sector that is now impacting on the casino industry. Different e-marketing approaches have been widely adopted by online casinos to facilitate betting transactions. The uniqueness of e-marketing is characterized via a series of specific and relational functions that are combined with the traditional 4Ps (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) to form the e-marketing mix elements. The renown and popularity of gambling on internet casinos is growing rapidly, with the online casino business seeing significant growth in Europe, Asia and South America. In China, there are twice as many online gamblers as there are online shoppers. In this study, the perceptions of Chinese gamblers are analyzed to find out: i) the demographic effect on their perceptions of e-marketing mix elements offered by online casinos; ii) the relationships between their perceptions of e-marketing mix elements. The results can provide a reference strategy for the investors in online casinos to develop e-marketing plans for the online businesses.

Las Vegas is America's Playground . . .And its Security Lab: How the Technology Developed to Protect Casinos Earnings is Also Helping to Protect Against Terrorism and Why We Should Be Concerned

Las Vegas, Nevada, has long been known as “America’s playground” due in large part to the casino and gaming business that thrives within this desert city. Along with the glitz, glamor, and sparkling lights of the casinos come the hopes of hitting the jackpot — whether through the luck of an honest wager or from cheating the house. Because of the large amount of money handled by Las Vegas casinos, casinos are continually seeking ways to protect and increase their profits through various security measures — which has made Las Vegas a technology innovator. This paper discusses some of the technology used in casinos to protect their investment and how casinos gather and share information, not only among themselves; but, with the federal government. Because of the events on September 11, 2001, the federal government’s interest in Las Vegas technology was piqued by the development of a system that could link together “non-obvious” and seemingly random information. This paper asserts that this technology combined with the “mosaic effect” allows the federal government an even greater ability to know specific details about the lives of its citizens. While acknowledging this technology exists, this paper provides recommendations that citizen groups should urge government officials to adopt regarding the government’s use of this technology.

Gendered construction of Macau casino: a social semiotic analysis of tourism brochures

This paper analyses the represented images of men and women in casino ads of Macau, examines the impact of gender power in the casino industry and discusses the social–cultural construction of masculinity and femininity in a culturally diverse context. A social semiotic analysis of a range of casino brochures and leaflets is presented. The analysis reveals that stereotypical portrayals of gender roles persist in Macau’s casino ads, which privilege the male tourist gaze and reproduce the gender power relations within the hetero-patriarchal system. Despite the trend of women’s involvement in public gambling, casino gambling continues to be upheld as a masculine activity in Macau. The study argues that the casino space is constructed through two aspects – the simultaneous masculinisation of gambling and feminisation of interactive service work, which reflect, respectively, the traditional expectations of the gambling culture and the demands of the modern service-intensive casino business.

Estimating the Impact of Las Vegas Poker Rooms on Slot and Table Game Business Volumes

The casino industry’s trade literature is replete with claims that live poker rooms drive other casino business volumes, but the only evidence supporting those claims is anecdotal. Claims of this kind arise because poker’s revenue contributions are often lower than those of other games, despite poker’s current popularity. Still, many operators offer poker rooms because they accept this contribution concept as a basic truth. Using an established theoretical model, this study estimates the effects of poker rooms on slot and table game performance at three different Las Vegas resorts. Although the results were mixed, they raise a serious question about whether the idea of poker as a demand generator is accurate. In only one of the three resorts did the analysis find a significant and positive relationship between poker room business volume and slot and table game play. While these overall results cannot be directly generalized, and casinos may have their own reasons for offering poker rooms, casino managers should reexamine whether their poker rooms represent the highest and best use of casino floor space.