Cases Of Violence Research Articles

OS ASPECTOS SOBRE A LEGITIMIDADE DA AÇÃO POLICIAL MILITAR E A RESPONSABILIDADE JUDICIAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA VIOLÊNCIA INSTITUCIONAL E DA IMPUNIDADE

The present study aimed to analyze aspects related to the legitimacy of military police actions and judicial accountability, focusing on institutional violence and impunity. The research begins by examining how the legitimacy of police actions is constructed and perceived by society, and it further investigates the legal consequences of police actions, especially when they involve abuse of authority or excessive use of force. In this context, it highlights the importance of assessing the legal and ethical boundaries of military police actions and the role of the justice system in holding these actions accountable. For the development of this study, a bibliographic and qualitative methodology was adopted. The analysis was based on existing literature on the topic, including legislation, academic articles, theses, dissertations, and other relevant documents. This approach allowed for an in-depth understanding of the historical, cultural, and institutional processes that influence both police conduct and the judicial system's response in cases of institutional violence.The results indicate that, in many cases, there is a gap between what is established by law and the actual practices on the streets, particularly regarding the use of force and abuses committed by certain security agents. It was observed that impunity in specific cases of police violence generates a perception of distrust in society toward the institutions responsible for enforcing the law, which directly impacts the legitimacy of police actions.

Stamina and the embodiment of expertise: resources of transnational activism to counter corporate slow violence

AbstractAnalyses from political ecology and other disciplines show on the one hand how projects of hydroelectric power production can lead to situations of corporate slow violence. On the other hand, contributions of the same disciplines analyse how transnational activism can change shape, course, and power structures in environmental conflicts. My contribution brings together these debates, which have so far been conducted separately, by analysing the conflict around a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant in rural Ecuador. The power plant has been backed by a legitimising discourse of contributing to sustainable non-carbon-based solutions to global climate change. Despite this good image, the company ignored the national legislation and the knowledge of the local population about their river, as well as their needs, and thus involved them in a situation of corporate slow violence. Parts of the community subsequently joined with activists from the U.S. and formed an NGO to convert the physical protest-dominated resistance strategy into one of scientific and legal activism. My analysis shows how this case of corporate slow violence was confronted by these activists mobilising a variety of resources, among them two that are not taken into account in the relevant literature so far, namely the necessary time, residency, and stamina to cope with the violence, and the use of the embodiment of expertise of the white colonialist other as a strategic tool to change power structures in the region.

The influence of horizontal violence on intention to leave among Jordanian nurses: A cross-sectional study.

To determine nurses' perception of horizontal violence and its relationship with intention to leave among Jordanian nurses. Horizontal violence is detrimental to healthcare organizations. Healthcare employees who are victims of horizontal violence may become unable to perform well, living with severe stress. Few studies in the world and no study in Jordan has examined the influence of horizontal violence on intent to stay among nurses. A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study design was used in this study. 520 registered nurses were recruited, and 436 surveys were returned, resulting in an 83% response rate. The findings showed that, horizontal violence is moderate among nurses in Jordan. The mean score for nurse's intent to leave work indicated a solid willingness to leave the job. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between horizontal violence and intent to leave. Female nurses reported significantly higher scores than males; also, there is a significant difference in responses in horizontal violence based on educational level. In this study, it was found that horizontal violence in Jordanian organizations is moderate, and it has a significant relationship with nurses' intention to leave. Nursing managers have a vital role in ensuring and enforcing the 'zero violence' policy in their department, which means that no reported incident of horizontal violence will be ignored. Each identified case of horizontal violence will be investigated and addressed appropriately.

Unravelling the Factors of Acceptance of Violence in Marriage by Women: Insights on Deficit of Reporting Cases of Domestic Violence in Empowered Action Group (EAG) and States of South India

Globally, 30% women, in a relationship, have been experiencing both physical and sexual violence by their intimate partners, particularly in the South-East Asian region. The grave reality of violence in marriage is the acceptance and justification of wife beating by women themselves. Recent cross-sectional studies have pointed out that a woman’s acceptance of wife abuse is related to her actual experience of being a victim, such that the victims of violence are perhaps more likely to justify the behaviour. This study analyses the role, if any, played by measures of women’s autonomy, access and freedom in impacting the acceptance of wife beating in marriage by women. This is undertaken in the background of different levels of human development attained in different groups of states in India. Two groups of states are identified: (a) one group of states represented by states of South India—scoring above national average figures in all parameters of human development including measures of gender empowerment. (b) Second group of states represented by the Empowered Action Group states—scoring lower than national average figures in all parameters of human development, including measures of gender empowerment. Indicators selected related to women’s access to microcredit, freedom of movement, ownership of assets, employment status and literacy levels. In addition, the proportion of households in a state in the lowest quintile also was selected as a factor of wealth. This study further analyses the role that acceptance of violence in marriage by women plays in explaining the deficit in reporting cases of domestic violence in the selected group of states.

Challenges Identifying Domestic Violence in Chinese Judicial Practice: An Empirical Analysis of Personal Safety Protection Orders.

Domestic violence is a global social issue that not only poses a significant threat to the stability of families but also has a profound impact on the physical and mental well-being of family members. In China, due to the broad criteria for defining domestic violence in the Anti-domestic Violence Law, challenges have arisen in the practical handling of domestic violence cases. The study is based on 238 civil protection order rulings available on the China Judgments Online website for the year 2021. In China, the criteria for identifying domestic violence are not only still subject to theoretical debate, but contentious viewpoints have also translated into inconsistencies in judicial practice. This study aims to further assess the underlying reasons for the difficulties in identifying domestic violence in Chinese judicial practice and to propose recommendations for improvement.

Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Postpartum Experiences of Racialised Brazilian Women in Portugal: An Analysis of Obstetric Violence as Gender-Based Violence

As gender-based violence, obstetric violence is a complex phenomenon that represents a matter for debate worldwide. The main objective of this exploratory study is to understand the experiences of obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period of racialised Brazilian women in the Portuguese National Health System. Using a qualitative case study research approach, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten racialised Brazilian women who gave birth in Portugal. A thematic qualitative analysis was used. The findings reveal significant cases of obstetric violence, which include the complexities and lack of support, assistance and monitoring networks, structural inequalities, neglect, and intersectional discriminatory practices based on racial and cultural prejudices, as well as reflection. These experiences not only affect the physical health of mothers but also have profound psychological and emotional consequences. This study highlights the urgent need for culturally sensitive care and the implementation of policies to prevent obstetric violence, ensuring that the rights and dignity of migrant mothers are upheld. By highlighting these critical issues, this study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on maternal health care and promote social justice for these historically marginalised groups.

Revictimization of women victims of intimate partner violence in the French press: A social representations approach.

This study aims to analyze how the press portrays cases of revictimization experienced by women in France, through the lens of social representation theory. An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted using a corpus of 157 online press articles. A total of 187,773 words and 5,240 segments were analyzed using Iramuteq version 7, employing top-down hierarchical classification and lexical similarity analysis. The analysis identified four classes: 1. Violent incidents (25.5%); 2. Political actions against violence (26%); 3. Institutional revictimization (26.6%) and 4. Violence and breaking the silence (21.9%). The findings illustrate how media portrayals contribute to the construction of social representations surrounding revictimization. Class 1 reveals a focus on extreme cases of violence, such as femicides, and highlights a potential gender bias in media reporting through the omission of terms like 'femicide'. Class 2 demonstrates the influence of ideological perspectives on the portrayal of political measures against violence, with conservative outlets framing such actions within traditional values, while progressive newspapers advocate for systemic reform. Class 3 shows a gap in the conceptualization of institutional revictimization in the French press compared to other countries, revealing how conservative portrayals can minimize systemic issues and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Class 4 shows the role of female journalists in addressing various forms of violence, despite the limited impact of the #MeToo movement in recent coverage. Collectively, these findings elucidate how media representations shape public attitudes and institutional responses to gender-based violence through the lens of social representations.

The Role of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes in Handling Cases of Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia

This paper examines the application of Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence in addressing cases of gender-based violence (GBV) within Indonesia’s creative economy. Using a juridical analysis approach, the study explores the effectiveness of the law in protecting victims, prosecuting offenders, and preventing future incidents of sexual violence in a sector characterized by informal employment and unique workplace dynamics. Case studies of sexual violence incidents in the creative economy reveal challenges in reporting, barriers in legal processes, and the critical role of industry stakeholders in mitigating or enabling GBV. While the law offers comprehensive protections, including victim support and criminal sanctions, its effective implementation requires enhanced law enforcement training, workplace safety policies, and accessible reporting mechanisms. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the application of Law Number 12 of 2022, ensuring greater protection for creative industry workers from gender-based violence.

Pencegahan serta Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual pada Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa dalam Lingkup Implementasi Kebijakan

This study focuses on the implementation of the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling policy carried out at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University referring to the Regulation of the Chancellor of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Number 5 of 2021 concerning PPKS in the Untirta Environment. The problems studied in this study are the many cases of sexual violence that still occur in Untirta, campus facilities are not fully available to support anti-sexual violence, the implementation of socialization has not reached all target groups, and the culture of the target group still considers sexual violence as a taboo to report. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of preventing and handling sexual violence is implemented at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study uses the theory put forward by Van Metter and Van Horn. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method with data analysis through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. For the selection of informants, the researcher used purposive and snowball techniques. The results of this study indicate that implementing the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence policy at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University has been carried out quite well because it meets each variable studied in the Van Metter Van Horn theory. However, in its implementation, there are certainly still various obstacles faced by the Untirta PPKS Task Force.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Pada Konflik Bersenjata Non-Internasional

Introductioan: Cases of sexual violence against children in non-international armed conflicts have long been recognized as deliberate and systematic violence. After that, legal protection against violence becomes very important to provide not only in times of peace but also in times of conflict. Sexual violence committed in non-international armed conflicts is categorized as a war crime and a crime against humanity, especially for minors as victims. So it is necessary to implement legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Purposes of the Research: Examining and analyzing the legal protection provided to children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Methods of the Research: The research was conducted through normative legal research with a legal approach to examine and analyze regulations relating to the legal protection of children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Results of the Research: There are regulations relating to the protection of victims of sexual violence, especially children, committed intentionally by combatants in armed conflict. Legal protection, especially in non-international armed conflicts, is also part of the State's responsibility in resolving this case. So that there is implementation of rules related to the protection of human rights in armed conflict with all assistance from international organizations based on international humanitarian law which has provided legal protection for victims of sexual violence.

Implementation of Natural Language Processing in the Reporting and Handling System of Sexual Violence Cases on Campus

Sexual violence in the campus environment is a serious problem that requires an effective reporting and handling system. This research aims to develop a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based system that can improve the process of reporting and handling cases of sexual violence on campus. The methodology used includes the application of NLP techniques such as sentiment analysis and entity recognition to automate the identification and handling of reports. The Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm is used for the classification of text in this system. The data is collected from various sources, pre-processed, and used to train NLP models. The results of the study show that the system developed has an accuracy level of 91%, precision of 93%, and recall of 87%, which illustrates its effectiveness in collecting reports of sexual violence anonymously and accurately. Feedback from early adopters shows that the system improves the efficiency and accuracy of the reporting process. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of NLP can significantly improve the reporting and handling system of sexual violence on campus. Further research is suggested to expand the scope of the system and improve its analysis capabilities.

Pemenuhan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dikaitkan dengan UU TPKS

Sexual violence is an act carried out through coercion that aims to fulfill the desires of the perpetrator regardless of the status of the relationship with the victim. Cases of sexual violence certainly have a negative effect on the victims. News about sexual crimes can easily be disseminated, especially since the world has entered the 4.0 era where all information can be easily disseminated using the internet and technology. So based on this, many of the victims are silent about the incident that happened to them because they are afraid that the negative impact will spread widely so that the victim will get ostracized in society. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the fulfillment of the rights of victims of crimes against sexual violence associated with the Law on Crimes of Sexual Violence. This journal method uses a qualitative type. The results of the analysis of this journal are that Law Number 12 of 2022 Articles 66-70 describes the rights of TPKS victims. Some of the rights of victims that are used as a scope include protecting victims from criminal prosecution, protecting against loss of access to politics, education, job transfers, and jobs, protecting victims from law enforcement officials if there is an act of demeaning officials, keeping the victim's identity confidential, protecting victims from violence or the perpetrator's threats, protection information is properly provided in accessing it, and provides protection facilities as well as information about victims' rights.

Revisiting Chinese Indonesian Violence in Indonesian Post-New Order Fiction

May 1998 saw one of the worst cases of racial violence in Indonesian history. During 13th to 15th May 1998, there were acts of expropriation, looting, arson and sexual assault targeting the Chinese community in Indonesia. Using two specimens of Indonesian post-New Order fiction, Sekuntum Nozomi 3 (SN3) by Marga Tjoa and Putri Cina (PC) by Sindhunata, this study investigates how cultural memories of the May 1998 Tragedy were shared with the post-event generation. The method employed is a qualitative narrative with a narratological approach. The results showed that literary works function as a medium for the spread of memory. Through SN3 and PC, the memory of violence against ethnic Chinese Indonesians between 12th and 15th May 1998 is transmitted, especially for the post-event generation who did not experience it firsthand. Despite the differing representation strategy, there was substantively one voice to be conveyed, namely that of “discrimination, violence and human rights violations” against Chinese Indonesians. Memories are institutionalised and distributed as part of the national memory in these works. Both works mediate the politics of cultural memory to memorialise the past “sins” of the Indonesian people. These literary works can be viewed as tools for minorities to articulate discrimination.

Theoretical Evidence and Rules of the Application of the Injunction for Personality Rights in Cyber Violence Cases

Theoretical Evidence and Rules of the Application of the Injunction for Personality Rights in Cyber Violence Cases

Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Kota Tanjungbalai

The aim of this research is to find out how the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection has attempted to implement legal protection in accordance with Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection against cases of sexual violence against children, as well as to find out efforts made by the Tanjung Balai City Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service to help child victims of sexual violence. This research was conducted at the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service in Tanjungbalai City, North Sumatra. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. The qualitative descriptive method has the main characteristics, namely conducting research involving direct involvement in the field, acting as an observer, creating categories of actors, observing phenomena, recording them in an observation book, not manipulating variables, and focusing on scientific observation. The data collection technique used to obtain data is through interviews and documentation. The results of this research found that the efforts of the Tanjung Balai City Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Department have been running optimally, in accordance with Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection against cases of sexual violence against children. The form of legal protection used is in the form of preventive and repressive legal protection. One of the programs being implemented is synchronizing and coordinating the prevention of violence against children, which is expected to reduce the number of cases of sexual violence against children in Tajung Balai City.

Netnographic Study: Caring for Online Gender-Based Violence on Instagram @awaskbgo

This study found the novelty of the fact that cases of gender-based violence does`t only occur in public spaces, but can also occur in cyberspace. Such as gender-based violence through media and internet networks which are referred to as cases of online gender-based violence. The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge of online gender-based violence prevention through Instagram social media. The type of research used is virtual ethnographic research or often called a netnographic study, which uses data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and participant observation. The results of the study show that Instagram social media is quite influential in providing education on online gender-based violence against women and Instagram social media users. Movements made in providing education can be through posts and opening discussions on live Instagram and in the comments column

Re-conceptualising the Theory of Justice and the Needs of Victims of Sexual Violence in Nigeria: an Appraisal of a Victim Centered Approach

Abstract Background In the 21st century, the recognition of the rights and needs of victims of sexual violence has emerged as a fundamental discourse within international, regional, and local policy agendas. This has been influenced by the lasting psychological, emotional, and physical effects of sexual violence on the victims. These commentaries and agitation have spurred the need for alternative ways in which the Nigerian criminal justice system can be strengthened by incorporating criminal justice mechanisms and interventions that would enhance the needs and interests of victims in accessing justice despite its adversarial system of justice. Methods This study aims to appraise the different mechanisms of justice, needs, and interests of victims of sexual violence through a theoretical lens and drawing lessons from South Africa and Australia. To achieve this work, a doctrinal research methodology that utilized existing literature and secondary sources such as textbooks and online websites was adopted. Results The study found that there is a need for accountability for the protection of victims, implementation of legislation, and scaling up of resources for effective support services. In addition, the absence of resources, effective monitoring and compliance institutions, monitoring reports, specialized courts, and special regulations hampers the implementation of a victim-centered approach. Among others, the study recommends an all-inclusive criminal justice mechanism that would further incorporate a victim-centered approach towards advancing the rights and quality of justice for victims of Sexual Violence and the need for a victim impact statement to our criminal justice system for cases of sexual violence. Conclusion The study concludes that there is a need to make provisions for more effective alternative responses to incorporate the justice interests and needs of victims of sexual violence.

INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND COMBATING

Domestic violence remains a critical issue that negatively affects the physical and mental health, economic status and social integration of victims. The purpose of the study is to summarise international and Ukrainian legal norms, standards and policies aimed at preventing and combating domestic violence. Research methods: comparative analysis and content analysis to study international conventions, national legislation and regulations. International and national legal acts are aimed at ensuring effective countermeasures against this phenomenon, protecting the rights of victims and creating conditions for the prevention of violence. In general, as of today, a sufficiently strong legal framework has been created to combat cases of domestic violence, and this also applies to Ukrainian legislation, which also tries to respond to existing challenges by adopting a number of laws and by-laws. The state has also introduced a number of mechanisms to support victims, including social and psychological assistance centers, shelters, and mobile teams. The results of the study showed that international documents such as the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Istanbul Convention play an important role in shaping the legal framework for combating domestic violence. In Ukraine, the legal framework also includes a number of legislative acts, such as the Law of Ukraine ‘On Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence’, which provides for comprehensive measures to protect victims. However, the problem of domestic violence remains relevant and requires further research and legal improvements to ensure effective implementation of international standards and improve the effectiveness of national measures.

A university-based counseling program for perpetrators of family violence in Greece: initial evidence

Abstract Penal mediation is defined in Greek Law 3500/2006 and aims at repairing the harm caused to the victim of family violence and rebuild family relationships. Mediation process starts upon victims’ unreserved consent and perpetrators’ willingness to stop further acts of violence, attend a counseling program and restore any harm/damage caused to the victim. Then the prosecutor ceases the case for 3 years and refers the perpetrator to counseling. If any of the previous conditions are violated during this period the criminal procedure continues at the stage before mediation. A university lab in Crete, Greece (LaHeRS, HMU) offers one of the few in Greece perpetrators’ behavior change programs in collaboration with the Prosecutor’s Office. LaHeRS counseling program consists of a minimum of 24 sessions per offender based on an individual or group approach. Emphasis is placed on perceptions of power and control, anger management, trauma management, emotional expression, and social/communication skills. Each perpetrator is offered 2 sessions (intake/violence documentation and assessment of individual/couples’ needs), 2-3 sessions for psychiatric and risk assessment, 12-15 individual or group counseling sessions (combined with couples’ sessions, as necessary), 2-4 individual social support sessions. Sessions are conducted by trained psychologists and social workers. The current presentation reports on the Intimate partner violence (IPV) cases referred between February 2022 and December 2023. A total of 70 IPV cases attended the program (male n = 65; mean age 43.4; Greek n = 56; urban residence n = 49; children average=1.92). Physical violence was reported in 54 cases and verbal aggression in 43 cases. Four perpetrators had mental health problems and 6 were identified with some form of drug and alcohol misuse. Lack of communication and emotional skills, lack of parent emotional support, gender roles stereotypes and patriarchal attitudes were common among perpetrators. Key messages • It is important for perpetrators’ programs to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior to promote positive changes in perpetrators’ lives. • Effective penal mediation programs require collaboration and partnership between justice agencies, academia and community organizations.

Domestic Violence in the Focus of Estonian Penal Policy and Implementation of the Law in the Light of the Istanbul Convention Requirements

Domestic violence is a multi-faceted phenomenon, encompassing social, psychological, medical and, certainly, legal aspects. Depending on the existing legal framework, it is the lawyers who have the possibility and even the duty to assist and protect the victim and to apply various sanctions against the perpetrator. The decision on the Principles of Criminal Policy until 2030, adopted by the Estonian Parliament, formulates the goal of the penal system as supporting law-abiding lifestyles and thus ensuring that the norms based on the values of our society are implemented, violations are responded to and conflicts are resolved fairly. These are goals that, if realised, could also contribute to reducing domestic violence in society. Estonia has ratified the Istanbul Convention and has made amendments to national legislation in accordance with the requirements of the Convention. Dealing with cases of domestic violence is nevertheless relatively problematic, especially from the perspective of the victim. The predominance of the settlement procedure or the practice of out-of-court restorative justice and conciliation in domestic violence cases, in the opinion of this author, tends to support the position of the perpetrator of violence.