Cases Of Lymphadenitis Research Articles

Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex-Associated Peritonitis, Lymphadenitis, and Pyelonephritis in Juvenile Raccoons (Procyon lotor) under Rehabilitator Care in New York, New Jersey, and Wisconsin, USA.

Klebsiella spp. are gram-negative facultative anaerobic heavily encapsulated bacteria associated with opportunistic and primary infections in a wide range of species. We assessed a series of cases (n=8) of necrosuppurative peritonitis, lymphadenitis, and/or pyelonephritis in wild juvenile raccoons (Procyon lotor) that died under rehabilitator care in New York, New Jersey, and Wisconsin, US, between July 2020 and December 2023, plus a retrospective case of a juvenile raccoon necropsied from New York in August 2011. Gross necropsy (n=9) and histopathology (n=9) were performed to characterize the lesions, whereas bacterial culture (n=8) was used to identify and characterize the bacteria and associated phenotype. We observed gram-negative short rods and coccobacilli (7/9; 78%), fibrinosuppurative peritonitis of variable severity (7/9; 78%) correlated to gross pyoabdomen (5/9; 56%) or abscessation (2/9; 22%), lymphadenomegaly and associated necrosuppurative lymphadenitis (5/9; 56%), and urinary tract disease (3/9; 33%). Aerobic culture of affected tissues isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4), K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae (n=2), Klebsiella variicola (n=1), and Klebsiella sp. (n=1). Our study strongly suggests an association of bacteria within the K. pneumoniae complex with peritonitis, lymphadenitis, and pyelonephritis in raccoons. Disease might be associated with underlying nosocomial infection given that all animals were under rehabilitator care at the time of death.

A Complex Case of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction: Syphilitic abdominal lymphadenitis

Abstract Introduction/Objective Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum, can vary widely in presentation. Infective lymphadenitis due to syphilis have been reported before in cervical and inguinal lymph nodes.Here we present an interesting case of syphilitic lymphadenitis with unusual presentation and location. Methods/Case Report A 30-year-old male with no past medical history presented with epigastric pain, fever, jaundice, weight loss, and night sweats. Computed tomography imaging revealed a 4.1 cm solid mass at the porta hepatis with involvement of perihepatic lymph nodes, raising suspicion of malignancy. All serological tumor markers were negative. The patient underwent ERCP with biliary drainage to relieve obstructive jaundice. Bile duct brushing and liver biopsy at that time were non-diagnostic. Later the patient underwent laparoscopic lymph node excision. Histological examination of the lymph node showed intact follicular architecture with an increase in plasma cells and sinus histiocytes, without evidence of carcinoma or lymphoma cells. Flow cytometry on the lymph node showed polytypic B-cells and antigenically normal T-cells with CD4: CD8 ratio of 0.5 showing relatively excess of CD8 positive cytotoxic cells. Positive staining for Treponema pallidum with appropriate control highlighted micro-organisms suggestive of secondary syphilitic infection. This evidence was later supported by positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. He subsequently tested positive for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion In summary, appropriate histologic and serological testing lead to timely diagnosis in this case. This case contributes to the limited literature on syphilitic lymphadenitis and reports the first documented case of isolated intra- abdominal lymph node involvement.

Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Compared to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Suspected Cases of Tubercular Lymphadenitis (the Indian Experience)

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis is daunting as there are varied clinical presentations and no single confirmatory gold standard test. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) of the lymph node is a rapid molecular diagnostic test for simultaneously detecting tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. AIM: To evaluate the performance of the CBNAAT test for detecting M. tuberculosis in lymph node specimens compared to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a rural tertiary care hospital in central India. A total of 180 patients clinically suspected of tubercular lymphadenitis were included. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. The average age was 33.3 years. The age group 21–40 years had the highest number of cases. The most common complaints among the patients were fever (29.4%), followed by loss of appetite (9.5%), weight loss (9.5%), and cough (6.6%). However, most patients presented to the hospital with only lymphadenopathy (44.4%). The most common site involved was the anterior cervical lymph node (78.8%), followed by the axillary group (10.5%), submandibular (2.8%), inguinal (2.8%), supraclavicular (2.2%), submental (1.7%) and infraclavicular (1.1%) group of lymph nodes. The patients were subjected to both FNAC and CBNAAT testing. Results were reported as positive or negative for M. tuberculosis as CBNAAT gives a semiquantitative estimate of the concentration of bacilli. Rifampicin resistance results were reported as detected or not detected. RESULTS: Cytological examination of the lymph node aspirates revealed that most were tubercular lymphadenitis cases. Cytomorphological analysis of the cases of tubercular lymphadenitis revealed Type 6 (tubercular abscess) as the predominant pattern. CBNAAT testing detected 26 cases of M. tuberculosis and three cases of rifampicin resistance. The study reported a specificity of 92.92% and low sensitivity of 26.86% of combined FNAC and CBNAAT is much higher compared to only CBNAAT. CONCLUSION: CBNAAT, along with FNAC, is a valuable addition in first-line investigations of tubercular lymphadenitis to make a timely diagnosis.

Spectrum and Incidence of Adverse Reactions Post Immunization in the Taiwanese Population (2014-2019): An Analysis Using the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Background: Post-marketing surveillance is crucial for gathering data on vaccine reactogenicity, enhancing public trust in immunization, and promoting vaccine uptake. This study aims to characterize adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and estimate the incidence rates of adverse reactions (ARs) associated with vaccines included in Taiwan's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). This study utilizes data from Taiwan's Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). Methods: Vaccine injury claims submitted to the VICP between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. ARs were defined as AEFIs adjudicated as "related" or "indeterminate" by the VICP committee. Data on the annual number of vaccine doses administered were obtained from the Taiwan CDC, which helped calculate the AR incidence rates. Results: A total of 491 AEFI claims were reviewed, with 327 (66.6%) categorized as ARs. The AEFIs were mainly associated with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine (43.4%) and the seasonal influenza vaccine (22.0%). Most EPI vaccines demonstrated low AR incidence rates, ranging from 1.68 to 13.6 per million doses, with the exception of BCG, which exhibited 162.5 ARs per million doses. Shifting BCG immunization from below 5 months to at least 5 months reduced osteomyelitis incidence significantly, from 41.4 to 7.9 (p = 0.0014), but increased abscess and lymphadenitis cases. Conclusions: EPI vaccines in Taiwan are highly safe, with minimal AR incidences in the general population. The BCG vaccine remains an exception, occasionally causing severe ARs like osteomyelitis. Adjusting the immunization schedule to an older age may mitigate some of these adverse effects.

The Etiological and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of the Bacteria Obtained from Ovine Caseous Lymphadenitis Cases in the Çankırı Region, Türkiye.

Sheep caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector by causing a loss in the quantity and quality of animal products and a loss in the breeding value of animals. Although the primary agent in CLA's etiology is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, some other opportunistic microorganisms also play a role. Therefore, the control and treatment of CLA necessitates the identification of the relevant etiological agents. This study aimed to conduct an in vitro culture and molecular characterization (PCR analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing) of the bacteria involved in sheep CLA cases reported in the Çankırı province of Türkiye and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the case isolates. In total, 82 (16.4%) of 500 sheep in five farms were diagnosed with CLA. Following the culture of the superficial abscesses samples, C. pseudotuberculosis was identified in 30 (36.59%) as a result of PCR, Pseudomonas spp. in 8 (9.76%), and Enterobacter cancerogenus in 1 (1.22%), as a result of 16S rRNA sequencing. These data revealed extensive heterogeneity among the Pseudomonas isolates, with hints of derivation from a common ancestry for some and phylogenetic similarity to isolates from Germany, Malaysia, and India. In contrast to the high susceptibility to cefoperazone and lincomycin, the high resistances of C. pseudotuberculosis and Pseudomonas spp. isolates to cephalothin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, and bacitracin were remarkable. Based on these findings, it was concluded that for an effective treatment and control of ovine CLA cases, there is a need to consider the possible involvement of opportunistic bacteria other than the primary causative agent, C. pseudotuberculosis. It also contributed to increasing the country-specific sequence data and establishing new taxa from a universal perspective.

Correlation of Grayscale Ultrasound and Doppler Evaluation with Histopathological Diagnosis in Cases of Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenitis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a relatively common clinical presentation that can have varied causes including reactive, inflammatory, tubercular, or neoplastic etiologies. Sonography is most often the first line of investigation used in clinical practice to characterize the enlarged nodes with respect to their location, number, size, and morphological imaging characteristics and determine the differential etiological possibilities. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted involving 434 patients who presented over a period of 3 years to radiology departments of three multispecialty hospitals for the evaluation of cervical swellings. The study aimed to establish the correlation between the ultrasound and Doppler parameters used in clinical practice and the final histological diagnosis in cases of tubercular cervical lymphadenitis. Results: Overall, a female predisposition was observed in the proportion of patients who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. A similar increased female percentage was also observed in cases finally detected to have tubercular pathology. The highest diagnostic indices were obtained for two ultrasound parameters of “matted nodes” and “caseous necrosis with posterior acoustic enhancement.” Although other features such as hypoechoic nodes, Doppler findings of peripheral vascularity, and high resistive index (RI)/pulsatility index (PI) values demonstrated high sensitivity, they showed poor specificity, positive predictive values, and low accuracy. Conclusion: In ultrasound scans for suspected cases of tubercular cervical lymphadenitis, the maximum weightage should be given to “matted nodes” and “caseous necrosis with posterior acoustic enhancement” parameters to differentiate the tubercular etiology from other potential causes. These parameters demonstrate high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. Hence, they can be relied upon to start timely anti-tubercular treatment and follow-up with patients on a clinical-radiological basis. This can supplement waiting for suboptimal cytology reports that are difficult to arrive at, specifically in tubercular cervical lymphadenitis cases. The same applies as well to biopsy specimens that are hard to obtain from cervical nodes with associated potential grave complications.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF NON-SPECIFIC MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS – CASE STUDY

Mesenteric lymphadenitis is one of the common causes of abdominal pain in children. Features of mesenteric lymphadenitis include abdominal pain, often centred on the lower right side and fever with mesenteric lymph node enlargement. It arises due to several factors responsible for inflammatory response within mesenteric lymph nodes, including viral or bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma, etc.; sometimes the cause is unidentified. The features of Mesenteric lymphadenitis in Ayurveda may be correlated with Granthi (~Cyst), Gulma (~lump), Grahani (~disorder of lower G.I.T), Tuni (~ bladder pain radiating to anus and pe-nis) and Anaha (~tympanites) but resemble more with Vatika and Paittika Gulma (lump due to Vata and Pitta). A known case of non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis, age 14 years male child, weighing 39.0 kg, presented with pain abdomen with feverish body, few scent-metric sized lymph nodes in right iliac fosse, few peri-portal and peri-pancreatic lymph nodes measuring 17/9 mm and 20/8 mm on HRSG, Interventions given were Chaushathpraharipippali, Ras sindur, Panchammrita Parpati, Sutshekhar ras, Ashwagandha Ghanvati, Jeerkadyarista, and Patoladikasaya showed curative effect due to their Vata-Pitta Pacifying, Vatanulomak, Shrotoshodhaka, Balya and Brimhana effect. No adverse effect was seen. Further studies may be taken up for diseases involving mesenteric lymphadenopathy for the collection of evidence.

Evaluation of Anti-Glycopeptidolipid-Core Immunoglobulin A Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cervicofacial Lymphadenitis.

A multicenter cross-sectional diagnostic study was carried out including 45 children with nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis and controls. The tested immunoassay, detecting M. avium-specific anti-glycopeptidolipid-core immunoglobulin A antibodies, had inadequate diagnostic performance in the studied population and seems to be of no additional value in detecting cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis.

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Benign Anthracotic Mediastinal Lymphadenitis Mimicking Metastatic Lymphadenopathy.

The staging of malignancy is critical for its effective management. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is a common modality for malignancy staging, which identifies areas of FDG avidity. However, multiple benign etiologies can cause false-positive 18F FDG-avid nodes. Among these, extrapulmonary involvement of anthracosis in the form of lymphadenopathy is a rare entity. In patients with concomitant malignancies, the presence of 18F FDG-avid anthracotic lymph nodal enlargement may mimic nodal metastasis. Endosonography-guided tissue acquisition may help differentiate between the two. Herein, we describe six cases of FDG-avid benign anthracotic lymphadenitis detected during staging workups for patients with malignancies who later underwent curative resection.

Comparative whole genome sequence analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis cases in northwest ethiopia: Genomic diversity, transmission dynamics and in-silico molecular drug resistance

Comparative whole genome sequence analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis cases in northwest ethiopia: Genomic diversity, transmission dynamics and in-silico molecular drug resistance

Granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan: Unraveling infantile peak and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis

BackgroundGranulomatous lymphadenitis, a histopathological diagnosis, often indicates infections, such as those caused by mycobacterial and fungal agents. MethodsWe conducted an analysis of 1098 granulomatous lymphadenitis cases, examining age distribution, lymph node locations, and laterality. Molecular detection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. ResultsOur analysis revealed a bimodal age distribution, notably with a minor peak in infants. These infantile cases predominantly featured axillary involvement, frequently occurring on the left side. Positive rates of BCG identification decreased with age: <1 year, 71%; 1–2 year, 33%; 2–3 year, 13%; 3–4 year, 0%. Remarkably, only one of the 14 cases with molecularly confirmed BCG lymphadenitis had comments regarding BCG in the pathological report. Compared with patients born after 2016 (BCG at 5–8 months), those born before 2016 (BCG at birth) developed BCG lymphadenitis at a wider age range with right skewness (before 2016, 13 ± 11 months [range, 3–33 months] vs. after 2016, 10 ± 2 months [range, 8–13 months]). Four of the 14 BCG-positive cases had congenital heart disease. Seven patients received anti-tuberculosis drugs following surgical excision. No surgical complications were reported. ConclusionsBCG lymphadenitis constitutes a distinctive minor peak within the spectrum of granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan. Pathologists should consider the possibility of BCG infection, especially in cases of infantile axillary, supraclavicular, neck lymphadenopathies on the left side. Moreover, BCG administration at 5–8 months may reduce delayed-onset BCG lymphadenitis.

Cytomorphological findings in confirmed cases of tubercular lymphadenitis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem, especially in the developing countries. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the first line of investigation for tubercular lymphadenitis as it is easy to perform, less invasive, quick, and economical. The typical cytopathological features of tuberculosis TB include epithelioid cell granulomas with Langhans giant cells and caseous necrosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytomorphological features of newly diagnosed cases of tubercular lymphadenitis confirmed by GeneXpert. This was a retrospective study in which all fine-needle aspirates from newly diagnosed cases of tubercular lymphadenitis confirmed by GeneXpert over a 1-year period from July 2022 to July 2023 were included in the study. The May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained smears from these aspirates were categorized into three patterns-epithelioid cell granulomas with necrosis, epithelioid granulomas without necrosis, and necrosis only. The granulomas were further categorized into well-formed, ill--formed, and splintered. The background of the aspirate which included a reactive lymphoid background, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils was tabulated for all the cases. Out of the three cytomorphological patterns, epithelioid granulomas with necrosis were the most predominant (67.5%), followed by necrosis only (20.8%) and granulomas without necrosis (11.6%). An acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity of 53.3% (64 cases) was seen on the Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Well-composed, poorly formed, and splintered granulomas were seen in 55 (57.9%), 42 (44.2%), and 21 (22.1%) cases, respectively. Neutrophils were the most common background population (42, 35%) followed by lymphocytes (36, 30%). Reactive lymphoid cells and eosinophils were seen in 12 (10%) and 3 (2.5%) cases, respectively. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a rapid inexpensive minimally invasive test for tubercular lymphadenitis as epithelioid cell granulomas along with caseous necrosis are highly suggestive of TB. However, manual acid-fast AFB detection has a low sensitivity as is illustrated in the present study where only AFBwas demonstrated in only 53.3% of cases.

Significance of Various Diagnostic Modalities in Detection of Tuberculosis in Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Study of 200 Cases.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) makes for 25% of all instances of tuberculosis (TB) patients. The enigmatic clinical presentation of EPTB makes identification difficult since it simulates other chronic conditions such as neoplastic and inflammatory disorders and could culminate in treatment that is either insufficient or not required. For an affirmative and confirmed diagnosis, a substantial level of suspicion is imperative. The paucibacillary feature of EPTB makes diagnosis extremely difficult and necessitates the use of many diagnostic methods to arrive at a precise diagnosis. In December 2010, the World Health Organization recommended using GeneXpert/cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) for the initial assessment of suspected cases of EPTB. Furthermore, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain, and the CBNAAT have to be utilized to exclude other possible origins of granulomatous inflammation. The goal of the current investigation is to comprehend how FNAC and ZN stains relate to CBNAAT and their diagnostic value. The evaluation included all suspected instances of tubercular lymphadenopathy, and adequate aspirates were obtained from the site of the enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Smears were made following FNAC and stained with ZN stain as well as hematoxylin and eosin stain. Simultaneously, CBNAAT and culture evaluations were conducted on the same aspirates. This cross-sectional study took place at a tertiary care center and encompassed 200 individuals with clinical manifestations of EPTB. There were 200 cases of suspected tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN). According to the FNAC results, TBLN was detected in 71 (47.6%) of these 200 cases, followed by necrotizing lymphadenitis in 56 (37.5%), chronic caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis in 47 (31.5%), and reactive lymphadenitis in 26 (17.4%). They were correlated with CBNAAT results, which showed that all instances of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 85.71% of cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis, 55.32% of cases of chronic caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis, and 2 (7.69%) cases of reactive lymphadenitis were CBNAAT positive. CBNAAT should be utilized with FNAC and ZN staining to diagnose EPTB. The CBNAAT assay demonstrated a significant advantage in the identification of previously unidentified FNAC patients. Despite being a simple diagnostic tool, FNAC has a lower specificity and significantly lower precision than CBNAAT in correctly identifying cases of EPTB because it exhibits similar cytomorphological characteristics with lesions that are not associated with TB.

Transbronchial lymph node forceps biopsy as a novel tool in diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy: a pilot study

BackgroundDifferential diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy is an issue of debate. Lymph nodes may be enlarged due to a variety of inflammatory, infectious, or malignant reasons. Therefore, obtaining samples from the affected nodes is crucial for the diagnosis. Usually, these patients are subjected to TBNA (EBUS or conventional) or mediastinoscopy if TBNA is not conclusive. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of this new technique of transbronchial forceps biopsy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.MethodsThe study included 18 patients with confirmed mediastinal lymphadenopathy who were admitted in Chest Department, Cairo University in the period from December 2019 to December 2020. All patients were subjected to flexible bronchoscopy with conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA) and transbronchial forceps biopsy (LN-TBFB) from the enlarged mediastinal lymph node in the same procedure.Resultswe found the technique of LN-TBFB safe with no serious complications. We were able to reach a diagnosis in 7/7 (100%) cases of sarcoidosis, 6/7 (85.7%) cases of malignant lymph nodes. We had three cases where the histopathology showed hyperactive follicular hyperplasia, and a single case of tuberculous lymphadenitis. C-TBNA was diagnostic in 71.4% of sarcoidosis cases, 42.9% of malignant cases, but failed to diagnose the one patient with tuberculous lymphadenitis.ConclusionLymph node transbronchial forceps biopsy (LN-TBFB) was found to be safe and effective in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We strongly advocate the use of this minimally invasive technique for diagnosing pathologically enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, as a last step before mediastinoscopy.

Utility of Conventional ZN Staining and Modified Bleach Techniques in Detection of Acid Fast Bacilli from Aspirates of Suspected Cases of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem in many developing countries, including India. Diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis, in particular, poses challenges as it requires the demonstration of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) using the conventional Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique. The Modified Bleach Technique, which involves liquefying the aspirated specimen with sodium hypochlorite followed by centrifugation, has been described to enhance the yield of AFB, improving sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. Aim: To highlight the role of the bleach concentration method compared to conventional ZN staining in detecting AFB in Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) material from clinically suspected cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from November 2020 to December 2022. Fine needle aspiration material from 100 cases of clinically suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis was included. In each case, part of the aspirate was processed for ZN staining, while the remaining material was used for modified bleach staining and Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT). Patient data, including age, sex, duration and site of swelling, nature of aspirate, and cytomorphological diagnosis, were documented. The data was entered into a Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analysed using the Chi-square test, with a p-value&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The age range of the study participants was 1-80 years. Out of 100 cases, 13 were excluded due to inadequate material. The most common lymph node site was cervical 69 (79.3%), followed by axillary 8 (9.1%) and supraclavicular 6 (6.89%). Among the 87 cases, reactive lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 36 (41.3%), suppurative lymphadenitis in 12 (13.8%), necrotising granulomatous lymphadenitis in 12 (13.8%), granulomatous lymphadenitis in 15 (17.3%), and necrotising lymphadenitis in 12 (13.8%). Out of the 100 cases included in the study, 32 cases were confirmed as tubercular lymphadenitis by CBNAAT. Among these 32 cases, conventional ZN stain was positive for AFB in only 3 cases (9%), whereas the Modified bleach stain was positive in 16 cases (50%). The results were compared with CBNAAT findings, and the modified bleach technique showed sensitivity (59.4%), specificity (100%), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) (100%), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) (80%), and Accuracy (85%). Conclusion: The Modified bleach method of ZN staining is a simple, safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform technique. With the bleach method, AFB was easily visible and detectable in the majority of AFB-positive cases. Additionally, the bleach method preserved the morphology of AFB better. It improves the microscopic detection of AFB, leading to a definitive diagnosis of TB on cytology.

Three cases of sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis in a female Golden Retriever and her litter of pups

Three cases of sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis in a female Golden Retriever and her litter of pups

The spectrum of cytological findings in patients with BCG lymphadenitis: A series of 13 cases

ContextBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used to prevent tuberculosis and/or its severe complications for long. BCG lymphadenitis is a common complication of the vaccine, which is sometimes subjected to cytological examination.The aim of the study is to describe the cytological findings of BCG lymphadenitis. SettingsThe study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the western part of India from January 2021 to December 2022. DesignThe study was performed on archived material of all patients who were referred to the fine needle aspiration clinic for cytology examination. Clinical and pathological data of cases were retrieved, and cases of BCG lymphadenitis were selected in the study based on these data. Slides of cases were retrieved, and cytological findings were studied. Materials and methodsPapanicolaou, Giemsa, and Hematoxylin & eosin-stained smears, as well as Ziehl-Neelson stain (Z.N. stain) smears of all BCG lymphadenitis cases, were retrieved. Cases were reviewed for individual cytological features and overall cytological diagnostic categories. Z.N. stain smears were evaluated for acid-fast bacilli. Results and conclusionsDiagnostic categories observed in BCG lymphadenitis include suppurative lymphadenitis/abscess (15 %), necrotizing lymphadenitis (23 %), necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (46 %), suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis (8 %), non-necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (8 %). Acid-fast bacilli were detected by Z.N. stain in 8 cases (62 %).The cytological findings of BCG lymphadenitis closely overlap with those of tuberculous lymphadenitis. So, clinical context is very important while reporting isolated axillary lymphadenopathy, specifically in recently vaccinated infants, to avoid misdiagnosis as tuberculous lymphadenitis.

A case of cervical lymphadenitis due to a difficult-to-diagnose nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

A case of cervical lymphadenitis due to a difficult-to-diagnose nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

Complex Case of Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis with Concurrent Takayasu Arteritis in a 14-Year-Old Girl from Ethiopia

Complex Case of Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis with Concurrent Takayasu Arteritis in a 14-Year-Old Girl from Ethiopia

LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES ADENITES CERVICALES CHEZ LENFANT AUX URGENCES PEDIATRIQUES THE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL ADENITIS IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics, as well as the management and evolution of children admitted and treated in pediatric emergencies for lymphadenitis. Over a period of two and a half years, we recorded 32 cases of lymphadenitis, 10 of which were cases of adenophlegmon. The average age of patients was 2 years and 5 months, and boys represented 66% of cases. In addition, 37% of children came from an unfavorable socio-economic background. The diagnosis of adenitis was established on the basis of swelling on the face and neck, accompanied by inflammatory signs. Biological analyzes revealed an infectious syndrome in the majority of patients. All children received antibiotic treatment, and surgical treatment was indicated in cases of adenophlegmon. The clinical outcome was favorable in the majority of cases.