The first report of a case of intramuscular hemangioma is attributed to Liston in 1843, which called this entity an “erectile tumor.” Intramuscular hemangiomas (IH) are rare, benign vascular neoplasms frequently arising within the skeletal muscle of the trunk and extremities. These account for less than 1% of all hemangiomas, and head and neck involvement is considered unusual, occurring in this region only in 15% of IH. IH usually present in the second and third decades of life, with a slight male preponderance. The masseter and the trapezius muscles represent the most common site of involvement in head and neck areas. Nevertheless, fewer than 10 cases of IH of the sternocleidomastoid have been reported in the literature. A 32-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of a single, asymptomatic, palpable mass of the right neck that recently increased in size. No history of cervical trauma prior to the appearance of the swelling was reported. Clinically, the mass was localized to the right neck centered about the middle portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It was mobile on the deep planes, tender, and nonpulsatile. CT revealed a 2.5 1 cm, solid, ovoidal, dyshomogeneous mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, with peripheral calcifications. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed a diffusely enhancing, well-defined soft tissue lesion that demonstrated a low signal on the T1-weighted and a typical high signal on the T2-weighted MRI (Fig 1). Angiography showed no obvious feeder vessels. Echo-color Doppler showed rare arterial spots with absent venous component. The remarkable arterial resistance of the lesion was due to a probable venous thrombosis. The patient underwent transcervical surgical resection of the mass without complications. The vascular mass, predominantly consisting of venous vessels (“cavernous veins”) with partial thrombosis, was completely removed, preserving most of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the spinal nerve. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged early. The surgical specimen showed medium-sized and thin-walled vessels that were lined with a flattened endothelial layer and surrounded by a poorly developed and variably evident smooth-muscle sheath. The final histo-
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