Cases Of Incompatibility Research Articles

Are Healthcare Professionals Adequately Trained for Safe Blood Transfusions? Targeted Training to Bridge Knowledge Gaps.

Ensuring optimal blood transfusion practices relies on a robust expertise base that is indispensable across various professional fields. Recognizing this imperative, the current study aims to assess the knowledge levels of healthcare personnel and enhance transfusion quality through targeted continuing training initiatives. The preliminary survey was based on an anonymous questionnaire and we used correct response rate (CRR) as the main parameter evaluating the baseline level of knowledge. Then blood transfusion education sessions which focused on transfusion shortcomings were carried out. Finally, we assessed the impact of this training on the baseline education. From the total of 789 questionnaires distributed, we garnered 331 responses 23 from healthcare staff. The overall CRR for questions related to transfusion procedure knowledge was 33%. Notably, the per-transfusion step exhibited the highest control with CRR of 55% while noticeable gaps were observed in the pre-transfusion (CRR = 22%) and post-transfusion (CRR = 13%) phases. Profession wise variations in CRR were evident, with nurses recording the lowest percentage (CRR = 29%) compared to physicians (CRR = 39%) and technicians (CRR = 34%). Substantial differences were observed in the interpretation of Ultimate Control in the Patient's Bed (UCPB) among professions, especially affecting ABO identity, compatibility, and incompatibility cases. Following the blood transfusion training, attended by 105 participants, only 99 participants responded to the questionnaire post-training, expressing high satisfaction with the covered modules (80%). The knowledge enhancement encompassed all transfusion phases and the interpretation of clinical cases, notably ABO compatibility. Overall, there was a significant improvement in CRR from 33 to 53% (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that the evaluation of knowledge should be carried out on a continuous manner in order to detect gaps in the professional sector and to ensure the effectiveness of training through well-targeted educational programs. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-024-01778-y.

Fragmenting modal logic

ABSTRACT Fragmentalism allows incompatible facts to constitute reality in an absolute manner, provided that they fail to obtain together. In recent years, the view has been extensively discussed, with a focus on its formalisation in model-theoretic terms. This paper focuses on three formalisations: Lipman's approach, the subvaluationist interpretation, and a novel view that has been so far overlooked. The aim of the paper is to explore the application of these formalisations to the alethic modal case. This logical exploration will allow us to study (i) cases of metaphysical incompatibility between modal facts and (ii) cases of modal dialetheias. In turn, this will enrich our understanding of the role of impossibility in the fragmentalist framework.

Prevalence of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility at the tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility is a medical condition that affects the pregnant woman [of blood group (A, B, AB, O) and a negative Rhesus] and the foetus (of positive Rhesus). The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and to present the clinical characteristics of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility in a tertiary care hospital. The authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study and 37 participants were recorded during the study period of 4 years. A total of 11898 pregnant women admitted to the maternity and 37 of them (women with blood groups A, B, AB or O and with a negative Rhesus) participated in our study, including a frequency of 0.31%. Thirty cases of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility were recorded in new-borns. 27 (73%) of the women are from the urban region and the age group between 21 and 25 is the most affected with 37.8%. Twenty-two (59.5%) of pregnant women have blood group O (and negative Rhesus) and primiparous women are the most affected with 64.9%. For the discovery of allo-immunization, 43.2% of women discovered it during the second pregnancy and 48.7% women received a single infusion of Anti-D serum during the first pregnancy. Twelve (40%) new-borns developed jaundice as a perinatal prognosis. Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility remains a major problem of maternal health because it is likely to lead to the formation of antibodies in women, which by crossing the placental barrier, they destroy red blood cells and thus cause serious complications.

Dissolve It or Resolve It: An Exploration into ‘When’ and ‘Why’ Divorce is Justified by the Unmarried Youth

ABSTRACT The present research delves into the divorce process and its justification through young Indian unmarried youth. Building on the results obtained from the pilot study, a vignette-based experiment was then conducted on 80 students (40 males, 40 females; Mage = 22.30). The experiment followed a between-subject design where each vignette presented a narrative of a deteriorating marriage, conveyed from a woman’s standpoint, followed by questions addressing the justification for divorce. Results showed a preference for divorce in cases of infidelity over incompatibility. The participants held the belief that instances of infidelity impacted the mental and physical well-being of females more profoundly than cases of incompatibility. It is noteworthy that both male and female participants supported divorce in a similar manner, highlighting the lack of substantial gender-based differences in this matter. Additionally, the presence of a child did not significantly affect divorce-related decisions, suggesting that having a child did not salvage failing marriages.

The Interactive Impact of Demand Sharing Effect and Reduced Misfit Effect on Application Compatibility

In this article we study compatibility choices of two competing applications from an alternative perspective that considers demand sharing effect and reduced misfit effect to explain differences between the compatible and incompatible cases. We construct a game-theoretic model in which an application with two main businesses tries to share its exclusive demand of its unique business with its rival application on their competing business. We find that incentives to establish one-way compatibility&#x2014;the application with exclusive demand grants access to its competitor&#x2014;arise from the decrease of the reduced misfit cost while it may either arise or disappear from the decrease of the shared demand. In addition, consumer surplus increases in the reduced misfit cost and the shared demand. Moreover, we find the compatible case generates more social welfare than the incompatible case. And we find when the reduced misfit cost is beyond a threshold, the horizontal differentiation of the two applications is reduced to a lower level in the compatible case and the price competition is intensified in this situation. However, when the reduced misfit cost is less than a threshold, the price competition of the two applications can either be softened or intensified by compatibility, depending on the degree of shared demand.

STUDY OF LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN NEONATAL JAUNDICE

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with a total serum bilirubin level above 5mg/dL is one of the most vexing situations in neonates thereby becoming a concern for pediatricians. It is observed during the rst week of life in full-term infants and preterm infants. It results from a predisposition to the production of bilirubin in newborns infants and reects the immature excretory pathway of bilirubin by the liver. Preterm infants have higher rates of bilirubin production. This retrospective study considered 150 cases of term and pre-term neonates w Materials And Methods: ith jaundice within one week of diagnosis of neonatal jaundice (NNJ). The blood group of the mother and baby, Serum bilirubin, Complete blood count with peripheral smear examination, Reticulocyte count, Direct coomb's test, and C-reactive protein of the baby were done. The mean age of the neonates was 2 days. 76 (50.66 %) were male while 74 Results: (49.33) were females. Percentage of Preterm babies was 30%. Neonates having low birth weight were 31 %. Physiological jaundice constitutes to 58 % of cases followed by ABO incompatibility Septicaemia, Rh incompatibility. Highest level of serum bilirubin was found in septicemia and Rh incompatibility. Direct Coomb's test and Indirect Coomb's test were found to be positive in all cases in Rh incompatibility while they were positive in 27 % of cases of ABO incompatibility. In cases of septicemia CRP was found to be positive in 100% of cases. Most of the cases were due to physiological jaundice. To rule out hemolys Conclusion: is, causes of hyperbilirubinemia should be enquired widely to avoid complications

Older liver grafts from donation after circulatory death are associated with impaired survival and higher incidence of biliary non-anastomotic stricture

BackgroundGrafts from older donors after circulatory death were associated with inferior outcome in liver transplants in the past. But it has seemed to remain controversial in the last decade, as a result of modified clinical protocols, selected recipients, and advanced technology of organ perfusion and preservation. The present study aimed to examine the impact of older donor age on complications and survival of liver transplant using grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD). MethodsA total of 944 patients who received DCD liver transplantation from 2015 to 2020 were included and divided into two groups: using graft from older donor (aged ≥ 65 years, n = 87) and younger donor (age < 65 years, n = 857). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to eliminate selection bias. ResultsA progressively increased proportion of liver transplants with grafts from older donors was observed from 1.68% to 15.44% during the study period. The well-balanced older donor (n = 79) and younger donor (n = 79) were 1:1 matched. There were significantly more episodes of biliary non-anastomotic stricture (NAS) in the older donor group than the younger donor group [15/79 (19.0%) vs. 6/79 (7.6%); P = 0.017]. The difference did not reach statistical significance regarding early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and primary non-function (PNF). Older livers had a trend toward inferior 1-, 2-, 3-year graft and overall survival compared with younger livers, but these differences were not statistically significant (63.1%, 57.6%, 57.6% vs. 76.9%, 70.2%, 67.7%, P = 0.112; 64.4%, 58.6%, 58.6% vs. 76.9%, 72.2%, 72.2%, P = 0.064). The only risk factor for poor survival was ABO incompatible transplant (P = 0.008) in the older donor group. In the subgroup of ABO incompatible cases, it demonstrated a significant difference in the rate of NAS between the older donor group and the younger donor group [6/8 (75.0%) vs. 3/14 (21.4%); P = 0.014]. ConclusionsTransplants with grafts from older donors (aged ≥ 65 years) after circulatory death are more frequently associated with inferior outcome compared to those from younger donors. Older grafts from DCD are more likely to develop NAS, especially in ABO incompatible cases.

The Improvement of Decision-Making in the Latvian Tax System: Cases of Irreducible Incompatibility Taking Into Account Reliability, Equity and Efficiency Criteria

The Improvement of Decision-Making in the Latvian Tax System: Cases of Irreducible Incompatibility Taking Into Account Reliability, Equity and Efficiency Criteria

The Impacts of Tax Policy on Platform Markets in Digital Economy

This paper examines the effects of governmental policy in digital economy, especially the tax policy. We analyze how preferential tax policy affects the platform market and customer welfare. First, our findings demonstrate that prices have negative relation with preferential tax level in incompatible case and no relation in asymmetric compatible case. Corporation profits have positive relation with preferential tax level in asymmetric compatible case and no relation in incompatible case. Second, we derive a specific range in which preferential tax level could make it beneficial for both customers and platforms to improve compatibility. High compatibility is only good for platforms but not for customers when preferential tax level is too high. And oppositely, it’s only good for customers when preferential tax level is too low, but platforms have no incentives to support for it.

A CASE OF INCOMPATIBILITY DUE TO MATERNAL ANTI-C

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN) is a condition in which the lifespan of an infant's red blood cells (RBCs) is shortened by the action of specific IgG antibody (ies) derived from the mother directed against Rhesus or other blood group antigens on fetal RBCs that are inherited from the father but are not expressed by the mother. The widespread use of Rh immune globulin has dramatically decreased the occurrence of anti D-HDN among D negative pregnant women, but has not eliminated the problem. No measures are available to prevent sensitization to other blood groups, most notably other Rhesus (C,c,E,e), Kell and Duffy antigens. In this article, a case of anti-c incompatibility is presented and the issue of risks involving Rh negative blood transfusion in aloimmunized patients with anti-c is discussed. Twin live babies named newborn1, sex female, and newborn2 were born from the 8th pregnancy of a 38 year-old brazilian mother from Pinhão-Paraná-Brazil through a normal vaginal route. Medical report of newborn1 during twenty days described levels of indirect bilirubin oscillating between 7 to 11 mg/dl and hemoglobin dropping from 13,9 to 10,1 g/dl without jaundice, phototherapy or transfusion registered. Thirty days postnatal, newborn1 had hemoglobin 7,7 g/dl and indirect bilirubin 11,3mg/dl and a blood transfusion was required. Antibody screen of the mother was positive and crossmatching with O negative blood was not compatible. Other tests, performed at Hemocentro Regional de Guarapuava-Paraná, identified mother's blood as A positive, phenotype C(+)c(-)E(-)e(+)K1(-), antibody screen detected anti-c antibodies with 1:256 titre. Baby's blood sample was identified as O positive, phenotype C(+)c(+)E(-)e(+)K1(-) with the direct anti-globulin test (DAT) positive (2+). After centrifugation with saline solution baby's sample after showed yellowed supernatant. A blood transfusion with 30 ml of O positive, c antigen negative blood, match compatible with the mother's serum, was transfused without reactions. At the hospital the mother revealed that these were her 8th and 9th children. Also, she said to be illiterate and that ignored her pregnancy until the 8th month and for it she simply did not have antenatal care. Unfortunately details about her other pregnancies could not be got. Anti-c is an important Rh antibody that may cause severe HDN, and in some cases may be as severe as anti-D HDN. In a series of 1022 cases of non Rh D aloimmunization Kenneth found that only anti-c was associated with severe HDN that ended in hydropic stillbirth or necessitated intrauterine blood transfusion[1]. This was not the case presented in the article. Nevertheless, an important aspect embedded issue along with anti-c that goes unnoticed by many refers to the matter of Rh negative blood available for transfusion, including aloimmunized anti-c patients. The stereotype held by Rh negative blood as universal blood not applies to anti-c. If ones take into account the high incidence of c antigen both in Rh positive and Rh negative blood among the population, we can suppose that people having anti c antibodies, like the mother in the article, are sitted on an authentic powder keg where a transfusional mistake, either for misinformation or any reason can bring unexpected results.

Application of IgG antibody titer and subtype in diagnosis and severity assessment of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

BackgroundTo analyze the effect of different times of pregnancy of type O pregnant women on the occurrence of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN).MethodsFrom December 2018 to December 2021, 725 pregnant women with O blood group (husbands with non-O blood group) who met the inclusion criteria were collected. There were 116 cases of ABO-HDN, which were summarized and analyzed. The pregnant women were divided into primigravida and non-primigravida groups. The influence of the number of pregnancies on the occurrence of ABO-HDN was compared, and the antibody titer of pregnant women with type O blood was monitored. The relationship between antibody titer and HDN in pregnant women was analyzed by hemolysis test and indirect bilirubin concentration.ResultsIn the primigravida group, 0 patients with HDN had a titer ≤1:64, 8 (8/26) had a titer of 1:128, 9 (9/20) had a titer of 1:256, 2 (2/4) had a titer of 1:512, and 2 (2/3) had a titer >1:512. In the non-primigravida group, there were 0 cases with a titer ≤1:64, 32 cases (32/78) with a titer of 1:128, and 26 cases (26/46) with a titer of 1:256. The number of cases of ABO incompatibility in maternal and infant groups with different titers of IgG anti-A (B) antibody were 377 cases in the <1:64 group, 130 cases in the 1:64 group, 104 cases in the 1:128 group, 66 cases in the 1:256 group, 32 cases in the 1:512 group, and 16 cases in the >1:512 group. The positive rates of ABO-HDN were 0.0% (0/0), 0.0% (0/0), 38.5% (40/104), 53.0% (35/66), 81.3% (26/32) and 93.8% (15/16), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe occurrence of ABO-HDN was not significantly related to the blood type of the pregnant woman’s husband. Therefore, in order to reduce the degree of hemolysis and avoid the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy or even death, pregnant women with antibody titer >1:64 in second or subsequent pregnancies should be closely monitored.

Transfusion Challenges and Use of Best Match Blood Transfusion in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Patients

Background and Objectives: In autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients, there is decreased survival of red blood cells (RBCs) because of increased destruction by patients' autoantibodies. Due to decreased survival of RBCs, there is an increase in erythropoiesis and other biochemical parameters of hemolysis. One of the vital tests in AIHA is direct Coombs test (DCT). In this study, we share our experience on the difficulties faced by us during the compatibility testing and providing transfusion support to these patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study done in the department of transfusion medicine in a tertiary care hospital of South India. Patients from January 2020 to March 2021 with the diagnosis of AIHA requiring transfusion were included in this study. A total of 136 patients with positive DCT with AIHA diagnosis requiring transfusion support were included in our study. Results: Out of 136 cases, 58% (n=79) of patients had incompatibility during cross matching while in 42% (n=57) had cross matched compatible unit. In all incompatible cases best match blood was transfused. Most transfusions were done for patients with DCT Grade 4+. Out of 45 patients with mixed AIHA, 40 (88.8%) patients required a transfusion (P &lt; 0.05). Of that 104 patients with transfusion support, 66 (63%) were with primary AIHA and 38 (36.04%) with secondary AIHA. Conclusion: It is tough and challenging to get compatible units in AIHA patients. Best-matched blood is useful when transfusion becomes essential during life-threatening anemia.

A Shared Vision of Radical Education. Going Beyond Specific Differences in the Relation between Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich

This essay explores the specific differences between the philosophies of Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich, while nonetheless arguing for their shared vision of radical education. With a focus on Freire’s earlier period of work, especially the seminal Pedagogy of the Oppressed, we point to the differing reception of their respective works in Europe of the 1970s (where Illich is often seen as an incompatible and extreme case). This in retrospect seems somewhat surprising as we argue that the fundamentals of their thinking are a shared critique of banking education and a re-conceptualisation of authority and teaching in renewed education systems. Both thinkers reject the two most obvious positions post-May ’68. On the one hand, there is the New Right perspective, represented by the Philosophes in France, who view all Leftist thought as Stalinist. On the other side, we have what might be termed the «Deleuzian-Guattarian» alternative, represented most crucially by the 1974 text, Anti-Oedipus. Here, the whole conception of a possible «revolution» (the whole ’68 dream), is deemed to be an impossibility. Instead, both Freire and Illich share in a renewed sense of the critical educational project of emancipation, albeit with different emphases. Moreover, the current crisis of education under late capitalism (and subject to the conditions of the Covid pandemic) returns the powerful resources of Freire and Illich to centre stage in education and politics.

Robo-Labs, Mysterious Bakken Scale, and New Nano-Detectors All Highlight the Innovative Thinking in Oilfield Chemistry

When you think about robots in the oil and gas industry today, the first images that might come to mind are drones, automated drilling rigs, or maybe a robotic inspection dog called Spot. Next time, you may think about robots that toil around the clock to create a chemical package destined for an oil well or pipeline. That’s not the future but the new reality inside the laboratories at Clariant Oil Services in The Woodlands, Texas. The recent adoption of lab robotics was the focus of one of the published technical papers from the 2021 International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry held in November in the Houston area. Two other papers presented at the conference also helped highlight the innovative thinking that is shaping the industry’s chemical sector. Authors from ChampionX and Hess Corp. shared their apparently successful attempt to unravel a “mysterious case of severe Bakken brine incompatibility.” The problem addressed in their paper was severe enough to force hundreds of Bakken wells to temporarily shut in over the past 3 years. Another paper from Baker Hughes addressed the more widely shared problem of knowing when to add production chemicals to a well and the quantity of those chemicals. The common thread between each of these new papers is that they address some aspect of the industry’s complications with corrosion inhibitors.

Incompatible case of perfect conductor approximation in vacuum nonlinear electromagnetism

The perfect conductor approximation is the most practical way to treat light reflection by a mirror. We demonstrate that the approximation and nonlinear electromagnetism in vacuum are not always compatible. In the presence of external magnetic flux density, we prove that there is no solution for the nonlinear Maxwell’s equations if a perfect conductor mirror is folded by 90 degrees. Demonstrated results show that the perfect conductor approximation can be inappropriate. We also suggest an approach to avoid the incompatibility.

The molecular biology of grafting: Recent research may provide new applications for a millennia-old agricultural technology.

Plant biologists have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind grafting, yielding insights into plant evolution and expanding the scope of this technique.

Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization for Incompatible Cross-Match Cases in the Feline AB Blood Group System.

The feline AB blood group system (blood types A, B, and AB) encoding the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene is the most significant in transfusion medicine and hemolysis of the newborn for cats. Blood typing and cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing are crucial to determining blood compatibility and thus prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions. We here performed serological and genetic investigations to characterize blood samples from cats with discordant results for card agglutination (CARD) and the alloantibody agglutination test for blood typing in two cats (subjects K and R). Subject K showed incompatible cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing. Red blood cells from subjects K and R determined blood type B from the CARD method showed blood type AB by alloanti-A and alloanti-B antibodies in agglutination testing. Genomic DNA sequencing of the coding region (exons 1a to 14) for the cat CMAH gene showed that subject K had four mutations with heterozygosity at c.139C>T, c.179G>T, c.327A>C, and c.364C>T. Similarly, the CMAH gene of subject R carried six mutations with heterozygosity at c.142G>A, c.187A>G, c.268T>A, c.327A>C, c.773G>A and c.1603G>A, representing a new diplotype including a novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 7 (c.773 G>A: Arg258Gln). The CMAH diplotype in subjects K and R was different from major diplotype in blood type B cats. This study is the first to report CMAH variants in cats with discordant blood types between CARD and TUBE methods. These results could assist in the classification of feline AB blood types for transfusion medicine to avoid blood incompatibilities.

Partial compatibility in oligopoly

This paper examines the issue of product compatibility in an oligopoly with three multi-product firms. Whereas most of the existing literature focuses on the extreme cases of full compatibility or full incompatibility, we look at asymmetric settings in which some firms make their products compatible with a standard technology and others do not. Our analysis reveals each firm’s individual incentive to adopt the standard, and allows to study a two-stage game in which first each firm chooses its technological regime (compatibility or incompatibility), then price competition occurs given the regime each firm has selected at stage one. When firms are ex ante symmetric, we find that for each firm compatibility weakly dominates incompatibility. In a setting in which a firm’s products have higher quality than its rivals’ products, individual incentives to make products incompatible emerge, first for the firm with higher quality products, then also for the other firms, as the quality difference increases. This paper sheds lights on markets in which some firms adopt the standard technology but other firms use proprietary systems.

Feto-Maternal Incompatibility in the ABO System at EHS Nouar Fadela

Introduction: Fetal-maternal blood incompatibility (IFM) is one of the major causes of neonatal jaundice that can progress to kernicterus. Objective: To determine the frequency and the titre of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins in women in the immediate postpartum period as well as the associated risk factors. Patients and methods: The study is cross-sectional conducted in mothers and their newborns from January 1 to October 31, 2019. ABO blood groups were determined in all participants. In mothers, research and titration of hemolysins was done. Pearson's chi-squares were used for statistical tests. A p value <0.05 was a statistically significant difference. Results: We recorded 120 cases of fetal-maternal ABO incompatibility. Anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB hemolysins were found in 9.4%, 17.9% and 66.7% of cases, respectively. the highest titers were those of anti-B hemolysins (43%). Risk factors included: multiparity, advanced age and ABO fetal-maternal incompatibility. Conclusion: It is necessary to introduce systematic research for hemolysins among immunohematological monitoring tests in pregnant women and their implication in newborns.

Clinical profile and aetiological factors of neonatal jaundice from a rural area of Kutch, Gujarat, India

Background: Etiology of hyperbilirubinemia is not only crucial for optimal management of the patient but also it may have implications for subsequent pregnancies. The objective of this study was to study the clinical profile and the underlying aetiological factors leading to neonatal jaundice in this rural setting of Kutch District, Gujarat, India.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and Post Natal ward Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. Total of 150 cases were enrolled for the study. Blood grouping and Rh typing of baby and mother were done. Cord blood bilirubin and haemoglobin, direct coomb's test (DCT) and bilirubin monitoring were done whenever there was a setting for Rh incompatibility.Results: Among 150 neonates studied, majority had birth weight between 2501g and 3000g. Only 21 babies had birth weight &lt;2.5kg (14%) (Table 2). Of the 150 neonates 85 were males and 65 were females.Conclusions: This study concludes that physiological jaundice is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice in our hospital. This is followed by ABO incompatibility, sepsis, Rh incompatibility and idiopathic cases.