Cases Of Coronavirus Infection Research Articles

Clinical case of COVID‑19 in child with herpesvirus infection

According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (2022) 12–13% of cases of COVID‑19 were registered among children. Currently, COVID‑19 is considered as a systemic disease characterized by both respiratory and extrapulmonary symptoms, including dermatological manifestations. According to a number of foreign authors, the frequency of skin manifestations in COVID‑19 in children ranges from 0.2% to 20.4% of cases. The literature presents a few cases of exanthema in children, characterized by livedo, spotted-papular, urticar, papulo-vesicular elements, which determines the relevance of this problem. The clinical case of coronavirus infection in a child demonstrated by us against the background of dermatological manifestations is associated with the reactivation of EBV infection, which is quite rare in the practice of a pediatrician, thereby may cause certain difficulties in conducting differential diagnosis with a number of other diseases.

Clinical characteristics of 13 cases of Coronavirus infection complicated with severe central nervous system lesions in Shanxi children’s hospital

BackgroundThe new coronavirus Omicron variant strain spread rapidly worldwide and is currently the primary mutant strain prevalent in the world.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features of severe central nervous system lesions in children infected with novel coronavirus Omicron mutant strain, so as to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Materials and methodsThe clinical data of 13 children diagnosed with novel coronavirus Omicron variant strain complicated with severe central nervous system infection from December 13, 2022, to January 31, 2023, in the Children’s Intensive Care Medicine Department of Shanxi Children’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAmong the 13 children, there were 9 males (69%) and 4 females (31%); the ages ranged from 1-year-old 16 days to 13 years old, with a median age of 9 years old, and most of them were school-age children (84.6%). The 13 children were usually healthy, but this time they were all positive for the new coronavirus nucleic acid test. The 13 children had obvious signs of the abnormal nervous system when they were admitted to the hospital, among which 12 cases (92.3%) showed convulsions, 11 children had obvious disturbance of consciousness (84.6%) when they were admitted to the hospital, and 5 children had circulatory disorders (38.4%). Among the 13 children, 2 were cured (15.3%), 5 children had serious sequelae (38.4%) when they were discharged from the hospital, and 6 children died of severe illness (46.3%).ConclusionThis study illuminates the clinical characteristics of severe central nervous system complications in children with coronavirus variant infection, highlighting rapid onset, swift progression, relatively poor prognosis, and notable symptoms such as high fever, convulsions, altered consciousness, elevated interleukin-6 levels, increased cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels, and early imaging changes.

Are Malaysian undergraduates prepared to study online if another MCO exists?

Purpose The world after the pandemic of Covid-19 is looking at a different environment in teaching and learning and primarily being influenced by general online learning readiness. Perception towards the measurement of online learning readiness would also need to change. This study seeks to determine whether Malaysian undergraduate students are ready to study online if the Movement Control Order (MCO) is reimposed.Design/methodology/approach Using an online poll, this study analysed 299 undergraduate students from Malaysia's public and private universities. The collected data were then analysed using SmartPLS software to test the measurement model and structural equation modelling.Findings The findings of this study indicate that computer self-efficacy and self-directed learning have a substantially positive link with online learning preparedness among Malaysian undergraduate students.Research limitations/implications Findings in this study indicate that universities should draw comprehensive plans to enhance students' readiness in terms of indicators such as technology usage, technology availability, computer and internet efficacy, self-directed learning and attitude. One of the aspects that require change is online communication self-efficacy. Thus, there is a need for improvement, or this would affect undergraduates adversely, especially in the event of future MCO.Originality/value The originality of this article lies in the time frame this study was conducted, where cases of coronavirus infection are seen to increase around the world and there is a possibility that movement restrictions will be re-enforced. The findings in this study are expected to give insight to the government in the effort of the national higher education plan. By not undervaluing previous research models, this research model should give a new perspective to the academic literature on online learning among undergraduate students.

The Effect of the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Stock Markets: The Case of Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)

This paper has analyzed the movement of the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper has used time-series analysis using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model using data from Jan. 1, 2020 to May 31, 2022. It was found that the number of new cases of coronavirus infection eight days ago affects the performance of the market index with an inverse relationship. Also, the ambiguity bias ten days ago affects the performance of the market index with an inverse relationship. The study recommends investors to speculate on the Amman Stock Exchange, because, for about a week, investors can speculate without being affected by the drop in stock prices as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The Amman Stock Exchange is a suitable environment for investment in times of crises. The study also recommends the foreign investment in the Amman Stock Exchange, because the negative impact of the spread of the coronavirus on the financial market is low compared to other markets that witnessed a significant deterioration in their stock prices when the pandemic appeared, where the negative market reaction was strong during the early days of the pandemic.

Social responsibility of business during periods of emergency situations on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic

The first cases of coronavirus infection were detected in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the virus a pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic has led to a decline in well-being, large financial losses, economic damage, political consequences and has drastically worsened people’s quality of life. The purpose of this study is to study the role of social responsibility of business in emergency situations and during periods of struggle with their consequences. The article examines the consequences of the state of emergency in connection with the outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection, reviews and analyzes the domestic and international experience of social responsibility of business in a pandemic. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes GDP indicators for 2019–2021 in the context of a number of countries, examines the main directions of business social responsibility during the pandemic in several companies in Kazakhstan, in particular, caring for employees, responsibility to customers, partner support, assistance to the population. In times of emergencies and during the liquidation of their consequences, private companies, both large and small and medium-sized businesses, can also act as financial sources, along with state ones. The examples of the world experience of social responsibility of business during the pandemic are also considered were considered. The authors have compiled a diagram of the percentages of the degree of trust in brands during the coronavirus pandemic, and proposed the creation of reserve funds for business social responsibility.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19 AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF AN ACCOMPANYING ONCOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE (CASE FROM PRACTICE)

Abstract. During the pandemic caused by the spread of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,respiratory symptoms were the most common and decisive in determining the severity ofCOVID19, and in some cases, had a direct causal- consequential mortality impact. Unlikeadults, children had a milder course of coronavirus disease. However, children with thecomorbidities such as diabetes, immunodeficiency, obesity, etc. also had an increased riskof hospitalisation with further required mechanical ventilation.The article presents a clinical case of coronavirus infection in a child with cancer.The patient had a severe course of COVID-19 with signs of post-hospital extralobarviral- bacterial pneumonia complicated by exudative pleurisy, respiratory insufficiencyand exudative pericarditis with a background of initially diagnosed asymptomatic nonHodgkin’s T-cell lymphoma.The complex treatment (oxygen therapy, infusion therapy,combined antibiotic therapy, steroids, diuretics, chest tube drainage) was characterisedby a positive dynamics followed by targeted cancer therapy. The defined patient developedsevere COVID-19 due to cardiovascular complications and formation of an inflammatorycascade due non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVES AND COMMUNITY WORK WITH THE SUCCESS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION AT PUSKESMAS DARUSSALAM BIG ACEH

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus with the most common symptoms being fever, weakness, coughing, convulsions and diarrhea. The disease caused by this new virus became known after the discovery of an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and now the virus has spread to many countries around the world. According to WHO in March 2022 the number of cases of corona virus infection in the world has reached 441,186,679 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between motives and people's work on the success of the Covid-19 Vaccination at the Darussalam Aceh Besar Health Center. This research method is an analytic survey research using a cross sectional approach, the sampling technique was accidental sampling with a total sample of 49 people. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with the SPSS statistical program. Research Results: The statistical test results with the Chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.706 > 0.05, so there was no motive relationship to the success of the Covid-19 vaccination in the community at the Darussalam Aceh Health Center The Great Year is 2022. The results of the statistical test using the Chi-square test show a p-value of 0.020 <0.05, so there is a work relationship with the success of the Covid-19 vaccination in the community at the Darussalam Aceh Besar Health Center. The conclusion is that there is an influence of work on the success of the Covid-19 vaccination, because people who work are usually required to obey orders from their superiors and follow government regulations. Suggestions so that people can understand the dangers of the Covid-19 virus and can comply with vaccines as recommended by the government.

Дерматологические проявления, ассоциированные с новой коронавирусной инфекцией в остром и постостром периоде COVID-19

Introduction. Dermatological manifestations of a novel coronavirus infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are observed in the different periods of the disease, and can sometimes be the only manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the fact that at present the daily increase in new cases of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation is small, the issues of timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 remain relevant, and the experience gained during the pandemic is of invaluable practical importance. Aim. Evaluation of dermatological manifestations associated with a novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the acute period of COVID-19 and post-acute one. Materials and methods. A cohort non-comparative descriptive study of 120 people aged 48–72 years (44 men, 76 women), who had COVID-19 no earlier than 12 weeks ago, was carried out. Results. Changes in the skin and its appendages were observed in 72 (60%) patients. In 7 (9.7%) people, dermatological symptoms appeared during the acute period of COVID-19 and were represented by urticaria, pernio-like skin lesions of the feet, edematous erythema of the face and chest, itching and hyperesthesia of the skin. In two cases, skin rashes preceded the onset of respiratory signs of coronavirus infection. Dermatological manifestations of post-COVID syndrome occurred in 94.4% of patients, of which diffuse alopecia was diagnosed in 60.3% of cases, skin xerosis with itching and/or paresthesia in 48.5%, onychopathy in 23.5%, new-onset dermatoses in 14.7%, and in 38.2% of cases – a combination of several dermatological disorders. Conclusion. Among the skin lesions associated with COVID-19, we can identify symptoms typical of the acute period of the disease and signs characteristic of post-COVID syndrome. The dermatological manifestation during the acute period of COVID-19 can serve as an indicator of infection, contributing to its timely diagnosis. Knowledge of the dermatological manifestations of post-COVID syndrome will allow us to correctly conduct a diagnostic search and prescribe adequate treatment.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИММУНОТРОПНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ПРОТЕКАНИЕ ЦИТОКИНОВОГО ШТОРМА ПРИ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ)

On the example of one clinical case, the effects of three immunotropic drugs: hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and arthlegia on the course of cytokine storm in coronavirus infection were shown. Coronavirus refers to a systemic infec- tion, affecting not only the lungs and respiratory tract, but also other organs and systems: cardiovascular, immune, etc. The tactics of treatment depended on the feeding status of the patient. In this case, an elderly female patient (66 years old) had bronchial asthma and oncology in the anamnesis. The patient was transferred to an inpatient setting after 7 days of abnormal temperature (above 38°C). Lymphopenia, increased ESR (43 mm/h) were observed. Biochemical parameters also had deviations: the level of LDG was 606 U/l (the upper limit of the norm of 450 U/l), the level of IL-6 was slightly increased - 16.0 pg/ml (the norm of 0-10 pg/ml). At this stage of the disease, Novoclav was used to prevent bacterial infection, Dexamethasone, Cibor, and Hydroxychloroquine. After a week, the patient’s condition worsened significantly. Shortness of breath was observed, body temperature remained at 38.5°C, saturation decreased to 77%, the content of IL-6 exceeded 300 pg/ml, procalcitonin increased to 0.5 μg/l, C-reactive protein - to 67.5 mg/l, ferritin
 
 – up to 579 mg/ml that appropriated to the manifestation of symptoms of cytokine storm. An administration of the im- munotropic drug Tocilizumab within the next three days did not cause the decrease of parameters. The patient was begun non-invasive ventilation of lungs with the simultaneous appointment of another blocker of IL-6 - arthlegia (64 mg). During a day, the concentration of C-reactive protein and IL-6 decreased to normal. A week later, the patient’s condition became satisfactory, and she was discharged from the hospital with CT3 pulmonary lesion. We can say that the use of clinical biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and IL-6) allows us to make an individual program in the treatment of severe cases of coronavirus infection.

ВЭЙВЛЕТ АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ КОВИД-19 В США

In this work, the wavelet spectra were calculated and studied for time series representing the dynamics of the new cases of coronavirus infection, death and relative death in USA within 17.03.2020 – 31.05.2022. It was found that the Wavelet spectra have characteristic different-scale internal cycles.

Predicting the severity of COVID-19

For more than two years the whole world has been ensnared by the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2. Every day in Belarus, more and more new cases of the disease are detected, the number of deaths continues to grow. Currently, according to Johns Hopkins University in our country, there are more than 930 thousand confirmed cases of coronavirus infection and more than 6 thousand deaths [1]. Therefore, the introduction of a new diagnostic tool can help not only reduce the lethality of this disease, but also help optimize the use of hospital beds, which will provide the possibility of using timely targeted therapy. As a result of the study, the high specificity (80.4%) of the COVID-GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score calculator was confirmed, and high significant differences (p=0.004) were obtained, which allows us to recommend it as a starting point when developing more sensitive forecasting methods.

Analysis of regulatory documents regulating the fight against COVID-19 and other healthcare tools used to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan

Purpose of the study. Explore organizational tools for managing health system resources to fight the COVID‑19 pandemic in Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. The analysis of regulatory documents (5 decrees of the chief sanitary doctors and 2 orders of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan) regulating measures for the COVID‑19 pandemic was carried out. These legal acts were approved in the first months after the declaration of the state of emergency in the country after the detection of the first cases of coronavirus infection in Kazakhstan. These laws and regulations governed the provisions and measures to combat COVID‑19. And also the analysis of measures for the introduction of quarantine or restrictions based on the monitoring of the R number of the virus was carried out.Results. The article discusses the issues of resource provision to contain the spread of COVID‑19 in the country. The analysis of the regulatory legal acts regarding the types of assistance provided to the population to prevent the spread of infection, as well as the treatment strategy for patients suffering coronavirus infection. These laws regulate the introduction, weakening/strengthening or cancellation of restrictive measures in the regions, mainly related to the activities of organizations and public places where there is a high concentration of the population, as well as the movement of masses of people.Conclusion. The study showed what types of assistance are provided to the population to halt the COVID‑19 pandemic, ranging from tactics at the outpatient level to the deployment of care at the inpatient level. In addition, the monitoring of the R value of the virus can be a working tool for the authorities in the introduction of quarantine measures.

Features of clinical course and skin lesions associated with new coronavirus infection in children

Annotation. This article discusses the features of skin lesions and the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in children. Among the extrapulmonary signs associated with COVID-19, dermatologic manifestations have increasingly appeared in the past few months. The aim of the study was to correlate available data in the literature on variants of dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 in children with clinical examples of skin lesions associated with this infection in patients seen by a specialized dermatologist. We used PubMed and Cyberleninka search engines for the period 2020–2021 Systematized variants of dermatological syndromes in children who had undergone COVID-19 described in reviews of materials by domestic and foreign researchers. The authors analyzed the primary medical records and photographic archives of children admitted to the outpatient clinic of a dermatologist at Yekaterinburg municipal clinical hospital No. 9 for 1 month after the established family contact with a new case of coronavirus infection. Analysis of scientific literature data showed that SARS-CoV-2 virus-associated skin lesions in children were more frequent in the mild course of infection, presumably with the implementation of an immunocomplex mechanism of vascular and epithelial damage. The pronounced vascular damage is a distinctive feature of COVID-19-related exanthemas, especially when localized on the fingers of the lower extremities. This article presents 5 clinical cases of children with various forms of acute dermatoses: urticaria, frostbite-like exanthema of the fingers, onychodystrophy, alopecia, and generalized pustular psoriasis of Zumbush. Only three children had laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

On the Issue of Evaluating the Effectiveness of Vaccination of Employees of Medical Organizations against COVID-19

Relevance . Active mass vaccination of the population against a new COVID-19 is being carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation, which is recognized as a priority strategy for the country's healthcare for the near and long-term periods. One of the main risk groups that are subject to priority vaccination is medical workers. Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination of medical organizations ' employees against COVID-19 based on the results of a 6-month prospective follow-up. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 356 employees of a medical organization who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with the drug «Gam-Covid-Vac» from December 2020 to April 2021. The effectiveness of vaccination of employees was evaluated by the coefficient of IgG positivity to SARS-CoV-2 by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay 3 weeks after the first administration and 3–4 weeks after the second administration of the vaccine and then 1 time per month. Employees who were revaccinated after 5–6 months. After the initial vaccination, they were examined 10–14 days after the introduction of the first component «Gam-Covid-Vac». A total of 1921 serum samples were studied. A specific T-cell immune response was determined in two study participants without seroprotection after administration of two components of the «Gam-Covid-Vac» vaccine and eight employees with the elimination of IgG antibodies 4–5 months after vaccination using ELISPOT technology. In addition, 92 blood serum samples of 32 employees from the observation group were examined for specific antibodies to adenovirus by indirect enzyme immunoassay. From December 2020 to June 2021, the study participants were subjected to dynamic clinical observation, once a week they were examined by PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in smears from the pharynx and nose (a total of 5696 samples). Results . After the completed course of immunization, the formation of both a humoral (in 99.4% of cases) and cellular immune response (100% among the studied samples) was confirmed. In the next 6 months after vaccination, cases of coronavirus infection were registered in 4.8% of those vaccinated, including 1 person – in the first month after vaccination and 16 – 3–5 months after vaccination. In all cases, the disease occurred in the form of an acute respiratory infection of mild or moderate severity and was characterized by a shorter period of virus isolation compared to similar data on the persistence of the virus in unvaccinated patients (15 days in vaccinated compared to 22 days in unvaccinated). It was found that the presence of immunity to adenovirus infection during vaccination with the drug «Gam-Covid-Vac» did not affect the possibility of forming an immune response to COVID-19. In the group of persons re-vaccinated with the first component of «Gam-Covid-Vac» after 5–6 months. after the initial vaccination, an immune response was received during the follow-up period. Conclusion. Thus, according to the results of the study, a high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with the drug «Gam-Covid-Vac» was established in a group of medical workers, and the effectiveness and safety of the administration of a booster dose of the vaccine after primary vaccination was also shown.

The course of new coronavirus infection in newborn infants

Introduction. To assess the features of the course of new coronavirus infection over the first month of life. Materials and methods. The article presents four clinical cases of coronavirus infection in newborn children aged 8 to 30 days, treated at the covid centre of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health. Results. The incubation period lasted from 2 to 10 days. The clinical picture included prevalence of hyperemic palatine arches, lethargy, impaired sucking, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, sneezing, mucous discharge from the nose, cough of varying severity. In more severe cases, an elevation in body temperature, a change in the auscultatory picture of lungs, abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. In the general blood test, there was noted anaemia, relative and absolute neutropenia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis; enlargement of activated partial thromboplastin time, increasing the level of D-dimer in the coagulogram. Computed tomography of the chest showed focal infiltrative changes in the lung tissue or uneven pneumatisation. Conclusion. Our observations show coronavirus infection in newborns, most often to show a mild and moderate course, which does not require the appointment of antibacterial drugs and hormonal, and anticoagulant therapy without strict indications. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the mother, and baby should remain together throughout the day, regardless of the suspicion or confirmation of a viral infection. To date, there is no conclusive evidence mother-to-child transmission of COVID-19 through breastfeeding is possible, and the benefits of breastfeeding far outweigh the minimal risk of infection. In addition, IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2, detected in milk, neutralise the effect of the virus.

Impact of COVID-19 on ready-mix concrete (RMC) industry in Ahmedabad – A case study

India witnessed its first case of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on January 27, 2020, in Kerala, India. Since then, the infection has spread rapidly across the country and the pandemic outbreak has affected all industries severely including the construction sector. This study aims to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the construction sector, particularly the ready-mix concrete (RMC) industry. An attempt was made to investigate the liabilities and the losses incurred by the RMC industry in terms of income and change in the production of concrete during the coronavirus outbreak. A preliminary survey was carried out to create a database of the RMC plants located nearby the study area i.e., Ahmedabad City in the state of Gujarat, and to prepare a questionnaire using google forms. The RMC plants were visited and from the inputs of RMC officials, statistical insights were drawn. The study reveals that during the COVID-19 lockdown period there was almost a 40% loss in concrete production & 60% loss in the income generated by the ready-mix concrete industry. In addition to this, it was also found that the industry had to pay off liabilities like land rent, electricity bills, staff salaries, etc. during the time of the pandemic. This study provides the opportunity for RMC plants to identify the vital elements involved in the operation of the plant which can be affected due to such pandemic and provides guidelines to reduce the effect of any such pandemic on the plant’s production & sales by ensuring the stability of all assets involved in its supply chain.

Zdravstveno-vaspitni rad stomatološke službe u doba Kovid-19 pandemije

The first case of coronavirus infection was recorded in 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan.The virus is easily transmitted by droplets, which soon leads to a pandemic. The first case in our country was recorded in March 2020. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of the preventive program (health-educational work) in the Dental Service of the Valjevo Health Center, in the newly created and so far unknown circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic. The health and educational work play a key role in prevention when it comes to the work of dentists with children of preschool, school, and high school age, as well as with pregnant women and mothers. Through Powerpoint presentations, in pictures and words, dentists tried to pass on their knowledge about the importance of proper nutrition and oral and dental hygiene to preschool patients. Through platforms designed for online teaching, students of all grades of primary schools in urban and rural areas, as well as high school students, are provided with all the important information related to the preservation and improvement of oral health. Through the School of Parenthood, and in cooperation with the Patronage Service of the Valjevo Health Center, educational work with pregnant women and mothers-in-law was conducted. The Week of Oral and Dental Health was marked by the guest appearance of the head of the service on local television, on the show "Serbia Today" and on the "Morning Program" of the Radio Television of Serbia. Thanks to the exceptional cooperation of the Dental Service with the management of the Valjevo Health Center, the Patronage Service, and their cooperation with the preschool, primary and secondary schools, the planned preventive program for 2020 was implemented. The program was supported by school principals, teaching organizers, and educators from the preschool institution, who highly rated our work. A comprehensive approach to the control of dental disease in children and adolescents is extremely important for laying a solid foundation for good oral health. Even in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to carry out health-educational work whose development is to develop healthy living habits and preserve oral health.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes to Finland’s Legislation in Line with the WHO Guidelines

The article analyses new legislative amendments in Finland, including an interim amendment to the Infectious Diseases Act, which aims to protect the life and health of clients and patients using social and medical services. The rapid spread of the number of cases of coronavirus infection in Finland, including the new Omicron strain, required urgent measures and new amendments to the legislation. Therefore, in the context of the overall fight against the coronavirus pandemic in the world, these provisions of the Finnish Constitution are a transition from the absolute priority of universally recognised norms of international law to the priority of the Basic Law, subject to the condition of the inadmissibility of guaranteed restriction of human rights. Finland’s desire to comply with the global integration processes in the context of persisting risks of the spread of coronavirus infection has led to digital harmonisation of legislation and legal norms in accordance with the principles of international law. The amendments to Finnish legislation were based on the enshrined provisions of the Constitution and the existing international legal framework, considering possibilities for responding to pandemic and transboundary emergencies in accordance with WHO guidelines.

Features of clinical manifestation and treatment of inpatient COVID-19 cases in children

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have considered paediatric patients to be less vulnerable to the virus. Our study is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of morbidity, clinical course, and treatment of children hospitalised with coronavirus disease. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of cases of coronavirus infection in children during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Two hundred and sixty-three clinical cases of COVID-19 in hospitalised children of Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) for the period from March 2020 to March 2021 were analysed. The peculiarities of the clinical course, symptoms, and treatment of children in the early and later periods of the pandemic were assessed. Results: It was found that the most common complaint was general weakness due to infectious-inflammatory, intoxication, and catarrhal syndromes. At the same time, over the course of the pandemic, the complaints and signs of intoxication and asthenic syndromes, infectious-inflammatory syndromes, and nonspecific neurological symptoms increased, while the rate of respiratory tract damage remained relatively stable, and in the 1st quarter of 2021, there was a significant increase in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio, OR = 2.7). Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 in children showed phenotypic deviations during the 1st year of the pandemic, with a tendency for an increased incidence of severe forms of the disease, resistant to the prescribed treatment.

Sequences of S-surface of Human COVID-19

Aims: Diagnosing the Coronavirus and viruses that share infection for different age groups through real time PCR, as well as using the Sanger sequencing method to homology sequence identity between local human Coronavirus isolate and NCBI-BLAST submitted Coronavirus isolate.
 Study Design: Cross section.
 Place and Duration of Study: From the central health laboratory and quarantine centers, work was carried out in different places for the purpose of diagnosis in Al-Hakim and Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and the Central Health Center in addition to the private laboratories, between April 2020 and July 2021.
 Methodology: Diagnosing the virus through qRT- PCR, PCR and sanger sequencing. Sample: We included 300 patients (174 men, 128 women; age range 18- 83years) with from people who were infected for the first time with the Coronavirus and repeated infections with the virus with other viruses that affect the respiratory system.
 Results: The current study showed that the number of cases of Coronavirus infection (110) case, Influenza virus (90) case, Parainfluenzavirus (65) case, Metapneumovirus (108)case and Rhinovirus (95)case for the period from 4-4-2020 up to 26-26 7-2021 all viruses were diagnosed through qReal time PCR technique by designing primers according to the location NCBI Regarding the sequences test, the results showed the percentage of similarity with the studied strains at a rate ranging between (99.92 - 78 %).
 Conclusion: Most of the infections with the Coronavirus are common with respiratory viruses in different proportions, in addition to the fact that the age group (51-61) year is more infected, and (110) case of Influenza shares with the Coronavirus more infection and the results of Sanger sequences between(99.92 - 78 %).