Cases Of Benign Breast Disease Research Articles

Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of breast cancer is critical to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to explore more practical and effective diagnostic methods to facilitate early treatment and improve prognosis for breast cancer patients. Materials and MethodsThe Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) could be used for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to validate the prognostic potential of plasma TrxR activity assessment. ResultsA total of 761 patients were included, including 537 cases of breast cancer and 224 cases of benign breast diseases. Plasma TrxR activity in the breast cancer group [8.0 (6.0, 9.45) U/mL] was significantly higher than that in the benign group [3.05 (1.20, 6.275) U/mL]. The diagnostic efficiency of TrxR for breast cancer was higher than that of other conventional breast cancer biomarkers, with an area under the curve of 0.821 (95% CI = 0.791-0.852). In addition, TrxR can be used in combination with conventional tumor markers to further improve the diagnostic efficiency. The optimal TrxR threshold for identifying benign and malignant diseases is 7.45 U/mL. We detected plasma TrxR activity and serum tumor markers before and after antitumor therapies in 333 breast cancer patients and found that their trends were basically the same, with a significant decrease in plasma TrxR activity after treatment. ConclusionPlasma TrxR activity can be used as a suitable biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and efficacy assessment.

Clinicopathological study of benign breast diseases in Bundelkhand regions

Background: Benign breast diseases are a neglected entity despite the fact that it constitutes the majority of breast complaints and that the vast majority of the lesions that occur in the breast are benign. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to analyze the percentage of incidence, age distribution, and other associated factors of benign breast diseases. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on 100 cases of benign breast diseases in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between January 2021 and June 2022. Results: Lump was found in all participants (100%) in which incidence of painless and painful lump was for 94% and 6%, respectively. 6% lump was found to be associated with non-cyclical mastalgia and 2% lump had having association with discharge. Milky discharge (1%) was found in the case of galactocele and serous discharge (1%) was found in duct ectasia. Benign breast diseases were found most commonly in premenopausal women (97%) in comparison to post-menopausal women (3%). Breast lump was investigated by fine needle aspiration cytology which was consistent with a lump of fibroadenoma and fibroadenosis in 95% of cases. Rest 5% of breast lumps were non-consistent. 90% of cases were found of fibroadenoma. All patients underwent surgical line of management except for fibroadenosis which was managed conservatively. Cases of breast abscess, fibroadenoma, duct ectasia, and galactocele admitted in hospital, for which mean hospital stay was 4.28 plus or minus 6.21 days. Conclusion: The most common benign breast disease encountered in clinical practice is fibroadenoma followed by fibroadenosis. They are most common in 15–25-year age group and its presentation is found to be more in married woman.

ABERRANT METHYLATION OF CANCER-RELATED GENES IN VIETNAMESE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES.

Epigenetic alteration is one of the most common molecular changes identified in the progression of breast cancer (BC). To study the frequency and relation between methylation of BRCA1, MLH1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, p16, WIF, and EGFR and the clinicopathological features in Vietnamese BC patients. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and SPSS 20.0 software were utilized in order to identify methylated frequency as well as evaluate its relationship with the patient's clinical features. In 162 BC cases, the methylation rates of the selected genes were 53.7%, 22.8%, 38.9%, 34.6%, 29.0%, 46.3%, 20.4%, 18.5%, and 28.4% respectively. In 32 cases of benign breast diseases (BBD) - 12.5%, 15.6%, 6.3%, 3.1%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 3.1%, 15.6% and 3.1%. BC samples displayed higher BRCA1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, WIF1, and p16 methylation levels than BBD samples (p < 0.001). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, and RASSF1A was predominant in the invasive ductal carcinoma, while hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, RASSF1A, WIF-1, and p16 was found to significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, MGMT, and GSTP1 was more common in stage III (p < 0.05) than in stages I/II, whereas MLH1 methylation was predominant in stage I and APC methylation was less common in stage III (p = 0.03). In addition, methylation of RASSF1A and EGFR was more frequent in younger patients (p < 0.01) than in elder patients. These data suggest that a gene panel (BRCA1/MGMT/GSTP1) can be used to support the diagnosis and screening of Vietnamese patients' BC with a sensitivity of 70%, and a specificity of 85%.

The Ratio of Monocyte to Apolipoprotein A1 is an Independent Predictor of Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

To explore the predictive value of the ratio of monocyte to apolipoprotein A1 (MAR) (a new index related to inflammation and lipid in breast cancer (BC)) and its relationship with clinicopathological staging. The hematological test results of 394 patients with breast diseases, including 276 cases of BC, 118 cases of benign breast disease (BBD), and 219 healthy volunteers (HV), were retrospectively collected. The clinical value of MAR was analyzed with binary logistic regression. Using statistical software analysis, the results showed that MAR level (P<0.001) was the largest in the BC group, followed by BBD, and the lowest in the HV group, and it was found to be an indicator to distinguish BC from BBD, also an independent risk factor for BC. The increase in MAR level showed that the risk of BC was 3.733 times higher than that of HV (P<0.001). In addition, there was a notable difference in MAR between early, middle and late stages of BC patients (P=0.047), with the highest MAR level in late stage (0.510±0.078) and the lowest MAR level in early stage (0.392±0.011); the MAR level of those with tumor invasion depth of Phase 4 was the highest (0.484±0.072), and that of Phase 1/2 was the lowest (0.379±0.010), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). MAR was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth (P<0.001, r=0.210), that's, the size of MAR increased when there was more deeper tumor invasion. MAR is a new indicator for the auxiliary differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases, and is also an independent risk factor for BC. High-level MAR is closely related to late staging and tumor invasion depth of BC. It can be seen that MAR is a potentially valuable predictor of BC, and this is the first study to explore the clinical value of MAR in BC.

STUDY OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION, IMAGING, PATHOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN BREAST CONDITION IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE

Background: Benign breast diseases (BBDs) are not life threatening clinicians require a thorough knowledge so that clear explanations can be given to patients and appropriate treatment can be instituted, and unnecessary long term follow up can be avoided. Present study was aimed to study clinical presentation, imaging, pathological profile and management of benign breast condition in a tertiary health care center. Material and Methods: Present study was descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in females, age &gt;10 years with benign breast diseases. Results: Among 215 cases, majority were from the age group of 21-30 years (52.56%), followed by in 31-40 years (21.39%). The mean age among the distribution of cases was 28.16 ±10.12 years. 173 (80.47%) were in premenopausal status, followed by 42 (19.53%) of postmenopausal status. All cases were presented with breast lump (100%), along with lump pain was seen in 45 (20.93%) cases and nipple discharge in 37(17.21%) cases. Majority had unilateral lump (84.1%) ,in right upper outer quadrant (23.08%), followed by left upper outer quadrant (21.53%). The maximum number of cases had size of 2-5 cm (53.02%), followed by &lt;2 cm (32.09%) and only 14.89% cases had size &gt;5 cm. Out of 215 cases of benign breast diseases, benign neoplasms (Fibroadenoma, Benign phylloides, Intraductal Papilloma)comprising of 68% of cases and benign lesions (Inflammatory, Fibroadenosis, Fibrocystic diseases, Galactocele) were 32% of cases. Fibroadenoma was the commonest of all benign neoplasms (63.26%) followed by benign phylloides (3.26%).179 (83.26%) were lumpectomies, 21 (9.77%) was Incisional biopsies and 11 (5.58%) were simple mastectomies. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast disease affecting women in their reproductive age group. Triple assessment provided quick diagnosis and it alleviated unnecessary anxiety from patients about breast cancer.

Abstract 4291: Deconvolution of cell type composition in FFPE tissue: Application to benign breast disease

Abstract Purpose: Benign breast disease (BBD) is viewed as a non-obligate precursor stage in the development of breast cancer (BC). Transcriptome profiling using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of bulk formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks has been routinely used in BC research. However, RNA-seq of heterogeneous bulk samples represents an averaged expression profile across all cell mixtures. Downstream analyses, such as biomarker discovery, are likely confounded by differences in cell proportions. There is a lack of research in optimizing strategies for cell type deconvolution especially for FFPE samples. We evaluated and optimized strategies for cell type deconvolution using existing single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and single nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) breast tissue references, and applied these to a cohort of BBD FFPE samples to assess risk of subsequent BC. Methods: 7 scRNA-seq and 3 snRNA-seq public samples from women’s breast tissue were normalized using SCTransform, then integrated using Harmony to form a complete reference set. Bioinformatics evaluations examined the performance of existing statistical and deep learning-based deconvolution methods. Computational simulations were conducted to evaluate those methods on three scenarios: 1) baseline; 2) incomplete reference set; 3) FFPE artifacts. FFPE artifacts were simulated based on a generalized additive model using 7 in-house paired FFPE-fresh frozen samples. Finally, we applied the best performing method to our BBD cohort of 62 samples. Differential expression analysis adjusting for cell proportions was performed to identify transcriptomic aberrations in BBD cases. Results: snRNA-seq was more sensitive in capturing adipocytes, while scRNA-seq was more sensitive in detecting lymphocytes in breast tissue. The median number of detectable genes per cell was higher for scRNA-seq than snRNA-seq before integration (1264 vs 558). Marker gene-based regression methods (e.g. CIBERSORT) displayed higher variance and lower bias compared to methods directly using scRNA-seq data (e.g. SCDC). Incomplete reference data led to increased bias and little effect on variance. FFPE artifacts had a higher impact on performance compared to incomplete reference data. Overall, Scaden, a deep learning-based method, was the top performing method across all simulation scenarios and was especially robust to FFPE artifacts. 59 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with fold change &amp;gt; 1.5 and p value &amp;lt; 0.01. DEGs involved in BC, e.g. S100A8, WNT4 and HIST1H3H, would be left out if cell proportions were not properly adjusted. Conclusions: We constructed the first complete single cell reference data for women’s breast tissue and benchmarked existing cell type deconvolution methods. Compared to analyses not adjusting for cell proportions, we observed substantial differences in perturbed genes and pathways associated with BC risk for BBD patients. Citation Format: Yuanhang Liu, Chen Wang, Stacey J. Winham, Aditya Bhagwate, Robert A. Vierkant, Julie M. Cunningham, Bryan M. McCauley, William A. Jons, Derek C. Radisky, Amy C. Degnim. Deconvolution of cell type composition in FFPE tissue: Application to benign breast disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4291.

A Lower Serum Antioxidant Capacity as a Distinctive Feature for Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study.

The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer (BC) can contribute to redox imbalance, which is related to damage and structural modification in many biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of redox status markers such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and protein carbonyl among women with HER2+ BC, HER2- BC, and benign breast disease (BBD). The study was conducted with 25 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BC (6 HER2+ and 11 HER2-) and 8 with BBD. Our results indicate HER2+ BC cases could be distinguished from HER2- BC and BBD cases by their serum's antioxidant capacity [HER2+ BC vs. HER2- BC (AUC = 0.818; specificity = 81.82%; sensitivity = 66.67%); HER2+ BC vs. BBD (AUC = 0.875; specificity = 75%; sensitivity = 83.33%)]. The changes in biochemical terms that occur in serum as a result of the scarcity of antioxidants are related to a peculiar fingerprint in the infrared spectrum obtained by ATR-FTIR. In the serum of women with BBD, the SOD enzyme level is the highest, and this characteristic allowed us to distinguish them from HER2- BC. Finally, data regarding the serological antioxidant capacity of FRAP and the infrared spectrum by ATR-FTIR will allow us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs, indicating whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary.

An observational study on benign breast diseases in a tertiary healthcare centre in Chengalpettu district

Background: Benign breast disorders constitute the majority of breast complaints presented by young females to a surgical OPD. It is 10 times more common than cancerous conditions and deserves attention due to its high prevalence, impact on woman’s life associated anxiety and possibility of some turning into cancerous conditions. It is divided into aberrations and abnormalities in development, epithelial and stromal proliferations, inflammations and neoplasms. In this study we aim at finding the prevalence, age, clinical presentation of commonest benign breast conditions and its correlation with pathological and radiological studies.Methods: The 98 cases of benign breast diseases between the age group of 15-45 years underwent triple assessment consisting of clinical examination, ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Patients who were diagnosed with malignancy were excluded from the study.Results: Out of 98 breast lesions the commonest presentation was breast lump and found most commonly in right upper quadrant. The most common age was 20-30 years and fibroadenosis was most common benign lesion followed by fibroadenoma, mastalgia, breast abscess and nipple discharge.Conclusions: BBDS are a common problem among females in the reproductive age group. It is important to differentiate between fibroadenoma and fibroadenosis. FNAC and ultrasonography are a useful aid in diagnosis of benign breast lesions.

Early life body size, pubertal timing, and risks of benign breast disease in a large cohort of Danish female adolescents and women

A high childhood body mass index (BMI) may be protective against benign breast disease (BBD), but little is known about the effects of other early life body size measures. Thus, we examined associations between birthweight, childhood BMI, height, and pubertal timing and BBD risks. We included 171,272 girls, born from 1930 to 1996, from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, which contains information on birthweight, childhood anthropometry (7-13years), age at onset of the growth spurt (OGS), and peak height velocity (PHV). During follow-up, 9361 BBD cases (15-50years) were registered in the Danish National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox regressions. At all childhood ages, BMI was inversely but non-linearly associated with BBD. The association was slightly stronger in magnitude for BMI z-scores above 0 (HRage 7 = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.83-0.90 per z-score) than below 0 (HRage 7 = 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99 per z-score). Associations between childhoodheight and BBD differed by age; at 7years the association was an inverted U-shape, whereas at 13years height was not associated with BBD. Ages at OGS and PHV were positively associated with BBD. Low and high birthweights were associated with lower BBD risks. Conclusion: A high childhood BMI, a short or tall stature at young childhood ages, an early pubertal onset, and low or high birthweights are associated with reduced risks of BBD. These complex associations suggest that the role of these factors in breast tissue development during early life warrants further investigation in relation to BBD etiology. What is Known: •Benign breast disease (BBD) is common and may be an intermediary marker of breast cancer risks. •Early life body size may relate to the development of BBD, but currently little is known. What is New: •Girls with a high body mass index at school ages or with an early pubertal timing have decreased risks of BBD. •Short and tall heights at young childhood ages and low and high birthweights are associated with lower BBD risks.

Mammographic Breast Density, Benign Breast Disease, and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in 3.9 Million Korean Women.

Background Mammographic breast density and benign breast disease are strong risk factors for breast cancer. Accordingly, women with both risk factors may have a markedly high risk for developing breast cancer. Purpose To investigate the risk of breast cancer associated with the combination of mammographic density and benign breast disease in Korean women, where population-based mammographic breast cancer screening is provided for all women aged at least 40 years. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of data from a nationwide breast cancer screening program linked with the national cancer registry. The study included Korean women between 40-74 years of age screened for breast cancer between January 2009 and December 2010 and observed up to December 2020 (median follow-up of 10.6 years). Benign breast disease and breast density were extracted from mammography screening results. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer risk. Results In this study, 3 911 348 women (mean age, 53 years ± 9 [SD]) were analyzed. During follow-up (median, 10.6 years), 58 321 women developed breast cancer. At screening, 10 729 (18.4%) cases of benign breast disease were detected among women who developed breast cancer. Women with extremely dense breasts (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] density category D) and benign breast disease had a greater risk of breast cancer when compared with women presenting with fatty breast (BI-RADS density category A) and those without benign breast disease (HR, 2.75; 95% CI: 2.63, 2.88; P < .001). Women with benign breast disease and fatty breasts (HR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.58; P < .001) and women with extremely dense breasts and without benign breast disease (HR, 2.28; 95% CI: 2.20, 2.35; P < .001) also had an elevated breast cancer risk compared with women with fatty breast tissue. Conclusion Women with dense breasts and benign breast disease at screening mammography had an elevated risk of future breast cancer. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

A study of benign breast disease management based on clinical, radiological and pathological assessment

Benign breast disorders are usually hormone induced and therefore usually seen in the reproductive period of life with dramatic fall in incidence after menopause. As compared to breast cancers, benign breast lesions are 10 times more common.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum and incidence of various benign breast diseases in female patients attending our institute and to compare the results with those of other studies.&#x0D; Material and methods: 80 cases of benign breast diseases which were clinically diagnosed and confirmed pathologically or radiologically were subjected for therapeutic interventions and the results were analysed.&#x0D; Results: In the present study of 80 cases, the age group most affected by benign breast diseases was 21-30 years. 63 patients (78.8 %) presented with lump in the breast and 23 patients’ common symptom is pain. In most of the cases of lump had duration between 7-12 months (38.8 %), pain for 1-5 days (13.8 %), discharge for 0-5 days (11.3 %). Both breasts were involved in 6 cases (7.5 %) whereas right and left breasts are equally involved in 47 cases each (46.25 %). Most of the patients were nulliparous (46.3 %) followed by multiparous (38.8 %) and uniparous (15.0 %). Fibroadenoma constituted in 53.8 % of patients (44 cases), breast abscess constituted 21.25 % (17 cases). The most commonly affected age group was 21-30 years. 63 patients (78.8 %) presented with lump in the breast and 23 patients presented with pain. HRUSG findings correlated with that of clinical diagnosis in 70 cases. 60 cases underwent core biopsy, and in 41 cases (68.33 %) there were fibroadenoma and 7 cases (11.66 %) fibro adenosis. 59 cases (73.75 %) underwent excision, and 18 cases (22.5 %) incision and drainage.&#x0D; Conclusion: The most common benign breast disease was fibroadenoma. Most common age group affected with benign breast disease was 21-30 years. 88.7 % of clinical diagnosis, 90.3 % of radiological diagnosis, 93.3 % of core needle biopsy diagnoses were correlating with the histopathology diagnosis

Circulating Cell Free DNA and DNA Integrity Index as Discriminating Tools between Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disease.

Objectives:Early diagnosis of cancer remains a great challenge in the field of laboratory medicine. We investigated the ability of ccf DNA and DNA integrity index (DNA II) in differentiating benign from malignant breast diseases. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 50 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 50 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients, in addition to 50 control women. VEGF was measured by ELISA, while Real-time q-PCR was used to measure ccf DNA concentrations and to assess the concentrations of ALU repeats, both short fragments (115 bp) and long fragments (247 bp), then DNA II was calculated (all were done before and after radical mastectomy). Results:BC group showed significantly higher ccf DNA concentrations and DNA II compared to BBD and control groups, meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were found between BBD and control groups. Ccf DNA concentrations decreased significantly after surgery (P <0.001). Good AUC was found for ccf DNA (AUC=0.860), fair AUC was found for DNA II (AUC=0.727), while VEGF AUC failed to discriminate between BBD and BC cases. Conclusion:ccf DNA and DNA II could be used as excellent molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis of BC and for monitoring the efficiency of therapy in such patients. Utilizing these molecular markers would improve both the healthcare and economic burden of malignancy.

Systemic Essential Metal and Metalloid Levels in Patients with Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer.

The objective of the present study is evaluation of serum and hair levels of essential metals and metalloids in women with benign breast disease and breast cancer in order to define similar and distinct patterns that may mediate the link between these pathologies. A total of 310 adult women aged 20-80years old were enrolled in the present study. Of those, 103 patients had benign (fibrocystic) breast disease, 107 patients had breast cancer (stage II), and 100 women were healthy and with absence of breast pathology. Trace metal and metalloid levels in hair and serum were evaluated by inductively coupled argon plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data demonstrate that breast cancer patients were characterized by significantly higher hair Cr and V levels, as well as reduced Cu and Mn content as compared to both benign breast disease patients and controls. In contrast, serum Cu levels in women with breast cancer exceeded those in the controls and benign breast disease cases. Patients with both benign and malignant breast tumors were characterized by lower serum Mn levels as compared to the control values. Serum Cu/Zn and especially Cu/Mn were found to be significantly increased in cancer patients. Significantly reduced hair and serum Se levels were noted only in women with fibrocystic disease. Based on the analysis of two biosamples, it is proposed that malignant breast tumor development is associated with the reduction of systemic Mn and Zn levels, and a concomitant elevation of Cu concentrations.

Pattern of benign breast diseases in Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria, A 5 year retrospective study

Background: There is a rise in the trend of benign breast diseases (BBDs) currently; this is made possible through public awareness of the disease. Aim: To determine the pattern of BBDs in a 5-year retrospective study was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective study and all histopathologically proven BBDs from January 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed. Software, version 21 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: Cases of BBDs diagnosed within the study period were 143 and were made up of 5 (3.5%) males and 138 (96.5%) females, with a ratio of 1: 28. Among the females, the most commonly affected age group was 21–30 years contributing 57.8% (80/138), followed by ≤20 years contributing 36.2% (50/138). Among males ≤20 years of age group are mostly affected and contributing 60% (3/5). Fibroadenoma accounted for 62.9% (90/143), followed by fibrocystic disease (FCD) contributing 16.8% (24/143). The less common breast diseases in this study were fat necrosis, lipoma, granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and cysticercosis accounting for 0.7% each. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma remains the most common BBD although higher than in the earlier study, followed by FCD in our centre. Females constituted most of the affected individuals (21–30 years). The practice of breast self-examination should be encouraged to detect and treat lumps which may be malignant early enough to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Tuberculosis of the Breast: A Challenging Component of Benign Breast Diseases

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is a rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary localization of thedisease. The incidences vary from a minimum in developed countries to a high in developing countries likeIndia and Africa.Materials and Method: This study was a hospital-based observational study carried out in 75 cases ofbenign breast disease which were studied with special reference to Tuberculosis of the breast. All patientswho were clinically diagnosed as a benign breast lump, above the age of 14-years and among them who werewilling to undergo investigations and treatment were included. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was performed in allfine needle aspirates and finally, treatment modality used.Results: The present study involved 67 cases of benign breast lumps and 8 cases of recurrent breast abscesses.Further, it depicts predominant benign breast lumps which were fibroadenoma in 65.7% fibroadenosis in23.80%, TB breast in 4.50%, ductal papilloma in 2.90% and phyllodes tumour of the breast in 1.5% of cases.Conclusion: For the TB of the breast in India, various treatment modalities are available. With timelydiagnosis, the morbidity can be minimised with less amount of suffering.

Study of spectrum and clinical profile of benign breast disease in the rural area: is there any change

Background: Recent understanding of pathophysiology and health awareness may have impact on spectrum of benign breast disease (BBD) in rural area. We have analyzed clinical data of 88 cases of BBD for spectrum and clinical profile to compare with present studies.Methods: Clinical records of 88 cases of BBD were reviewed for demographic details, clinical presentation, management and outcome. Recent literature related to BBD in rural area was searched using various search engines. Results of our study were compared with recent studies.Results: Fibroadenoma (FA) was most common condition followed by fibrocystic disease. BBD were common in third decade 46 (52.3%). Lump was present in 87 cases. Lump was painful in 45 (52.3%), and associated with fever in 15 (17.1%) cases. Fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasound was done in 70 and 32 patients in which diagnostic accuracy with histopathology was seen in 69.7% and 56.2% respectively. Surgical treatment included lumpectomy, lump excision, mastectomy, drainage with debridement and axillary clearance. Three patients of breast tuberculosis were treated with 9 months AKT. When compared with recent studies, over all spectrum was same expect chronic abscess presenting as lump was more in our series.Conclusions: Our study revealed benign neoplasms, inflammatory condition and tumor like lesions in 43.1%, 14.6% and 13.8% cases respectively. FA was the most common lesion. BBD were common in third decade. Except the chronic mastitis, incidence of various types of benign lesions was comparable with those found in other studies. There is not much change in overall spectrum of benign breast disease.

A study on clinical profile of Benign Breast lesions

Background and Objectives: Benign breast disease are commonly found as painless palpable mass the diagnosis may be corroborated with specific benign features found on physical examination, mammography and ultrasound. The purpose of present study was to assess the various age of presentation of benign breast diseases and their mode of presentation. Method: Fifty cases of benign breast diseases were studied during the period from June 2017to May 2018. Result: In all benign breast disease Fibroadenoma is most common with presenting mainly in the age group of 11-20 years. All cases of benign breast disease presented with lump (100%) out of them 80% presented with painless lump and 20% presented with painful lump. In present study 96% were premenopausal and 4% were postmenopausal woman. Most common site of involvement was left breast and most common quadrant was upper outer quadrant. Conclusion: Benign breast disease present mainly 11-30 year of age group. Most common clinical presentation in benign breast disease is lump (painless). Majority of benign breast disease involve upper and outer quadrant of breast. Lymph node involvement in benign breast disease is rare.

A study of management of Benign Breast lesions: A prospective study

Background and Objectives: Breast lumps diseases are one of the most common diseases in India which include congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, hormonal mastopathy, benign and malignant neoplastic conditions. Around 200,000 cases of breast diseases are diagnosed annually. The purpose of present study was to assess the role of ultrasound and Fnac in the diagnosis of breast lesions and the various modes of management. Method: Fifty cases of benign breast diseases were studied during the period from June 2017to May 2018. Result: In the present study USG has an accuracy of 77.78% for detection of Fibroadenoma and 66.67% for Cystosarcoma Phyllodes. FNAC forms the major investigatory modality with fair accuracy of 91.67% present to diagnose fibroadenoma and 66.67% for Cystosarcoma phyllodes. Intracanalicular type of fibroadenoma was the most common type of fibroadenoma on Histopathological report (83.33%). Surgical excision is the effective treatment for most of the benign breast disease nearly upto 90% cases. Wide excision and simple mastectomy needed rarely. Conclusion: FNAC is a most accurate, safe, cost effective and easy method to confirm the diagnosis of most benign breast disease with good sensitivity.Surgical Excision is the main stay of treatment for most benign breast diseases.

Management of benign breast diseases at a tertiary care hospital

Fibroadenoma is the most common lesion of the breast; it occurs in 25% of asymptomatic women. They are benign, spherical, well-demarcated tumors of varying size. They arise from the epithelium and stroma of the terminal duct-lobular unit. It is usually a disease of early reproductive life; the peak incidence is between the ages of 15 and 35 years. About 50 cases of benign breast diseases were selected, only inpatient cases are considered for the study. Outpatient cases, males, malignant cases and cases which were operated early were excluded from the study. Majority of our cases were managed surgically (90%). Only 5 out of 50 i.e. 10% cases were managed conservatively. All the 5 cases which were managed conservatively are Fibroadenosis. Conservative line of management included.

A clinicopathological study to determine age specific prevalence rate of benign breast lumps

Background: The pathogenesis involves disturbance in the breast physiology extending from an extreme normality to well defined disease processes. The clinician must provide a degree of diagnostic accuracy while at same time ensuring that an excessive biopsy rate is prevented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benign breast lumps in different age groups and to determine the prevalence of benign breast lumps among the breast symptomatic.Methods: This clinico-pathological cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 100. The study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to June 2019 which included all patients presenting with benign breast lump during the study period.Results: Out of 100 studied cases of benign breast diseases, the most common benign breast tumor found as fibro adenoma and majority of the fibro adenoma found in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life. Right breast and upper outer quadrant were most commonly affected. Majority of benign breast lesions presented with painless lump in the breast and most of them were from rural background. Majority of benign Breast lumps (45%) cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority of the patients (60%) attain menarche between ages 13-15 years. Majority of cases (55%) were belonged to lower socio economic status.Conclusions: Our study indicates that FNAC is diagnostically more accurate, safe, cost effective and OPD procedure, however when FNAC was inconclusive, biopsy is the best choice for breast tumors.