Case Evidence Research Articles

COVID-19 and Obesity: The Collision of the Two Disasters

The first instances of COVID-19 were reported in late December in Wuhan, Hubei region, China. This virus is most commonly seen in mammals, most notably bats, camels, cows, and some kinds of pigs. Despite this, it is well recognised that viral transfer from animals to humans is extremely infrequent. It is believed that this new mutated variant of the virus originated because of bats Pangolin and have been demonstrated in study to be the culprit. Although it is currently unknown how the virus spreads to humans. According to sources, the first case's evidence was discovered in an animal market in Wuhan. This is the most likely explanation why SARS-CoV-2 began to transmit. Close contact with an infected individual within 6 feet of each other is the most typical way for this virus to spread. When an individual's symptoms are at their climax, the virus is most contagious. Furthermore, because they do not exhibit any symptoms, carriers are a key contributor to the spread of this condition. Lately the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic has motivated global research efforts to find those who are at higher risk of developing more illness. General obesity has been proven to have a significant relationship to seriousness of major COVID infection symtom presentations. Obesity epidemic provides a serious complicaiton to chronic disease avoidance and good health all over the world.

A game-theoretic defensive approach for forensic investigators against rootkits

Forensic science aims to present evidence in the courtroom, in a forensically sound manner. Therefore, forensic procedures must guarantee the provability, admissibility, accuracy, and authenticity of the case's evidence. However, anti-forensics threaten forensic procedures by forging, hiding, and even modifying remaining evidence in a crime scene. For instance, rootkits hide traces of attacks in a compromised system. To prevent anti-forensics, forensic investigators use de-anti-forensic methods (e.g. anti-rootkits).The necessity of more research on anti-forensics motivated us to propose a game-theoretic approach to model the interactions between an attacker and an investigator (players) who use rootkits and anti-rootkits, respectively. We assume these players act competitively, and each does not know his/her opponent's pay-off. We identify sets of characteristics for rootkits and anti-rootkits to profile them and define each player's actions. We examine the existence of the Nash Equilibrium for a two-player game. Experimental results show the simulated game is convergent. Thus, we identify the investigators' most desirable and stable defensive strategies against the attacker's most desirable and stable offensive strategies. We also formulate a relationship between characteristics of rootkits and anti-rootkits using the Nash Equilibrium of the game. Finally, we propose some general features to help investigators to evaluate anti-rootkits and design more efficient defensive tools.

The Role of Ethnic Nepotism vs. Economic Pragmatism in Inter-group Conflict: Data on the Yugoslavian Civil War *

Neo-Darwinian concepts such as van den Berghe's ethnic nepotism infer that the origin of inter-group conflict resides primarily in ethnocentrism, defined as the extension of inclusive fitness to extra-familial interactions. Silverman, however, has proposed an alternative view, based on the presumption that natural selection favors pragmatism and plasticity in the formation of group alliances. Silverman's theory holds that the motives for inter-group oppression and warfare, including so-called ethnic cleansing movements, are economic, whereby out-group prejudices represent rationalizations rather than root causes. The present paper reviews Silverman's and Silverman and Case's evidence for this theory and provides further supporting data in terms of relationships between changes in economic conditions and ethnocentric attitudes during the years immediately preceding the recent Yugoslavian hostilities.