Case Study In Mozambique Research Articles

Implementation of integrated nutrient management (MIN) on small agricultural properties: case studies in Mozambique

Integrated nutrient management is a sustainable approach that combines nutrient management practices to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity while minimising environmental impacts. This article reviews the implementation of integrated nutrient management on small holder farms, focusing on case studies globally and in Mozambique. Integrated nutrient management integrates the use of organic and inorganic fertilisers, crop rotation and soil cover to optimise nutrient efficiency and preserve soil health. Case studies show that, globally, integrated nutrient management can increase productivity and sustainability, while in Mozambique, practices such as green manuring and nutrient recycling have shown significant benefits. However, implementation faces challenges such as technical complexity, initial costs and the need for institutional support. Future prospects include strengthening public policies, adopting innovative technologies and adapting to climate change. Integrated nutrient management offers a promising path to transform small-scale agriculture, promoting food security and ecological resilience. Through a commitment to innovation and local adaptation, integrated nutrient management can become a standard agricultural practice, empowering farmers and contributing to global sustainability.

Anthropological Places in Mozambique in the Context of Political Conflict

Soon after independence in Mozambique (1975), the country´s toponymy changed with the aim of decolonizing the past. The article consists of a chapter of an ongoing thesis entitled "The influence of ethnicities in political conflicts in African states: the case study of Mozambique (1976-2019)". The article aims to analyse the use of anthropological places in a context of political conflict. Three research questions were raised: How does the name of a place shape the behaviour of people living or visiting that place? How does the name transform a space into an anthropological place with a sacral meaning? How does political power use anthropological places? Preliminary results show that, during transformation of anthropological places, the new names have a meaning of local events and figures; there are some names with national impact. Therefore, Anthropological places cannot be seen as a potential for conflict emerging. However, the way politics uses public spaces is more propagandistic. Therefore, it creates an environment of political parties’ divisions leading to political conflicts, in addition to other factors. Methodologically, the chapter is a result of a literature review. The study is important because it approaches conflict beyond armed or political ones, but anthropologically.

How Democratization Empowers the Development of Third World Countries: Advantages and Limits - A Case Study of Mozambique

This paper examines Mozambique's post-civil war transformation, focusing on its democratic reforms and shift to a free market economy. It investigates the impact of these changes on economic development, emphasizing successful privatization and foreign cooperation while highlighting persistent issues of income inequality, political challenges, monopolies, and gender disparities. Using a process-tracking method within a case study framework, the research comprehensively analyzes Mozambique's policies and their implications. Findings reveal the remarkable economic growth of Mozambique, yet they also underscore the need for a holistic approach to development, addressing social, economic, and political dimensions. This study contributes to economic theory and provides practical insights for policymakers and development practitioners, analyzing the intricate dynamics influencing Mozambique's progress and offering valuable insights for similar contexts.

The role of energy efficiency and renewable energies to accelerate sustainable energy access — a perspective case study of Mozambique

The role of energy efficiency and renewable energies to accelerate sustainable energy access — a perspective case study of Mozambique

Spatial analysis to inform the mitigation hierarchy

AbstractHuman activities such as urbanization, infrastructure and agriculture are driving global biodiversity declines. In an attempt to balance economic development goals with biodiversity conservation, governments and industry apply a decision‐making framework known as the mitigation hierarchy, with a goal of achieving no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Successful application of the mitigation hierarchy requires biodiversity assessments and spatial planning to inform the design of mitigation policies, identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation and impact avoidance, assess the biodiversity impacts of developments, and identify appropriate mitigation measures including offsetting residual impacts. However, guidance on the necessary data and assessment techniques is often lacking, especially in countries where formal mitigation policies do not exist or are in their infancy. Here, we discuss and demonstrate analyses that can help answer some key questions for formulating effective mitigation policies and applying the mitigation hierarchy. We focus on data and analyses that can inform the avoidance and offset steps in particular, and demonstrate these techniques using a case study in Mozambique. While these analyses will not replace field‐based assessments for projects, they offer rapid, low‐cost approaches to support scoping and development of mitigation policy, planning and decision‐making, especially in relatively data‐poor regions.

Response to Intervention Model as a Tool for Fostering Inclusive Education in Unprivileged Contexts: A Pioneering Case Study in Mozambique

This article presents findings of an exploratory study conducted under a Response-to-Intervention based model in a regular primary school in Mozambique, aiming at identifying pupils with Special Educational Needs and provides them the support in the context of Inclusive Education. The study was methodologically grounded on the Action-Research approach. Participants were 106 Grade 2 pupils identified by their teachers as performing negatively in Portuguese Language and Mathematics. Their performance was appraised through their marks in officially prescribed assignments, yielding 4 levels of performance in each subject. In Language: Below the Pre-school Level, 45 pupils (42.5%); at the Pre-school Level, 28 pupils (26.4%); at Grade 1 school Level, 30 pupils (28.3%), and only 3 pupils (2.8%) were ranked at Grade 2. In Mathematics: Below the Pre-school Level, 21 pupils (23.7%); at the Pre-school Level, 27 pupils (30.3%); at Grade 1 Primary School Level, 38 pupils (42.7%), and 3 pupils (3.5%) ranked at Grade 2. Thereafter, 72 pupils, comprising 31 pupils from the Below Pre-school Level group; 14 from the Pre-school Level group; 25 from Grade 1 Level group, and 2 from Grade 2 Level group were submitted to a monitored intervention for 20 sessions of one hour each, five days a week. Post-intervention assessment results revealed that a good number of pupils had made progress, as only 1 (one) pupil had remained at the Pre-school Level, while 69 were found performing at Grade 1 school Level, and 2 (two) at Grade 2. These overall outcomes have been interpreted as indicative of the applicability and usefulness of Response-to-Intervention model in the Mozambican context for purposes of early identification and intervention on pupils “at-risk”. Additionally, evidence was drawn that Response-to-Intervention approach is a useful tool also for school organization purposes.

Statement of Retraction: Child Soldiers as Adults: The Mozambique Case Study

Statement of Retraction: Child Soldiers as Adults: The Mozambique Case Study

Mapping and Assessing the Dynamics of Shifting Agricultural Landscapes Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing, a Case Study in Mozambique

Land cover maps obtained at high spatial and temporal resolutions are necessary to support monitoring and management applications in areas with many smallholder and low-input agricultural systems, as those characteristic in Mozambique. Various regional and global land cover products based on Earth Observation data have been developed and made publicly available but their application in regions characterized by a large variety of agro-systems with a dynamic nature is limited by several constraints. Challenges in the classification of spatially heterogeneous landscapes, as in Mozambique, include the definition of the adequate spatial resolution and data input combinations for accurately mapping land cover. Therefore, several combinations of variables were tested for their suitability as input for random forest ensemble classifier aimed at mapping the spatial dynamics of smallholder agricultural landscape in Vilankulo district in Mozambique. The variables comprised spectral bands from Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, vegetation indices and textural features and the classification was performed within the Google Earth Engine cloud computing for the years 2012, 2015, and 2018. The study of three different years aimed at evaluating the temporal dynamics of the landscape, typically characterized by high shifting nature. For the three years, the best performing variables included three selected spectral bands and textural features extracted using a window size of 25. The classification overall accuracy was 0.94 for the year 2012, 0.98 for 2015, and 0.89 for 2018, suggesting that the produced maps are reliable. In addition, the areal statistics of the class classified as agriculture were very similar to the ground truth data as reported by the Serviços Distritais de Actividades Económicas (SDAE), with an average percentage deviation below 10%. When comparing the three years studied, the natural vegetation classes are the predominant covers while the agriculture is the most important cause of land cover changes.

Issue Analysis of Competency-Based Mathematics Curriculum Design in African Countries: A Case Study of Mozambique’s Primary Mathematics Education

The paper firstly clarified the characteristic of competencies being discussed in African countries by comparing them with competencies being discussed in developed countries. It has become clear that both countries are very similar. In other words, against the background of rapidly increasing internationalization and globalization, the competencies required to live in the society of the future are the same across borders, regardless of whether in a developed country or a developing country. Secondly, using Mozambique as a case study, how the competencies are actualized and what kind of challenges they face are discussed by analyzing primary mathematics curriculum, textbooks and in classes. An emphasis was placed on the ability to use social, cultural and technological tools used in an interactive manner in the competencies that were contained in the 2015 curriculum. However, most of the contents of the new textbook focus on “basic competencies” centered on basic knowledge and skills. Furthermore, there were many classes where teachers presented questions listed in the textbook as they are. Hence, it became apparent that the nurturing of practical competencies listed in the curriculum was largely reliant on the abilities of the teacher.

Psychosocial approaches to mass hysteria phenomena: a case study in Mozambique

This article has two aims. First, it will provide an overview of hysteria and mass hysteria phenomena throughout history, by exploring the psychosocial elements underneath selected historical episodes such as medieval ‘dance plagues’ and ‘Loudun possessions’ (1632–34), but also by presenting recent social-psychiatric and epidemiological case analysis on the topic. Second, it will present and discuss an episode of what could be described as mass hysteria, which occurred in 2010 in a secondary school in Maputo, Mozambique. Using psychoanalytic and group analytic inputs, both aims will enable a suggestion as to the psychosocial aspects that lie underneath the referred episode. The article will also consider, although in the background, the role played by apparatuses of power and colonial discourses in shaping some of the analysis and visions that mass hysteria portrayed in the case study may have acquired. A transdisciplinary perspective will allow a broader understanding of mass hysteria, highlighting the relevance of psychosocial approaches to investigations of collective phenomena.

Implementing a Two-Tiered Model of Optometry Training in Mozambique as an Eye Health Development Strategy

BACKGROUND: The global burden of vision impairment has been acknowledged by the World Health Organisation as a public health challenge. In order to scale up the production of eye health personnel in developing countries, a tiered model of optometry training was explored in Mozambique.
 
 OBJECTIVES: The Mozambique case study was evaluated to assess the feasibility of a tiered model of optometry training as a developmental eye health strategy.
 
 METHODS: A qualitative, case study approach was used. Semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted and project documents were reviewed in the data collection phase. Data underwent a process of content analysis, using a constant comparative approach across sources, and was analysed thematically using inductive reasoning.
 
 RESULTS: Three key themes which emerged were Rationale for a training model, Implementation considerations and Development practice considerations. Results demonstrated that while tiered models of training may have developmental rationale, awareness of the profession and its place in addressing health needs, intensive consultation with local stakeholders and a thorough situational analysis are required for this strategy to be feasible.
 
 CONCLUSIONS: A tiered model of training appears to have theoretical basis as a developmental eye health strategy. However, local applicability and legislative alignment is required in order for these training initiatives to be sustainably implemented.

Marine collections and global digital repositories as source data to assess the effects of habitat condition and biodiversity loss on African Coastal ecosystem functioning and services

Natural history collections (NHC) worldwide contain vast amount of valuable data that can be used to answer a wide range of questions by exploring biodiversity and natural resources records, having an immense potential to contribute to science, policy making and legislating, and to public scientific awareness. Likewise, the development and increase of global and regional biodiversity digital databases (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility - GBIF; Fauna Europaea; Naturdata, etc.), scientific literature and all digital information regarding biodiversity, ecological areas and climate records comprise a huge amount of primary and processed digital ecological data (DED) accessible globally that can be readily used, at no cost, and integrated to further study e.g. biodiversity changes, ecological processes, natural habitat distribution, prioritizing ecosystem management and conservation actions, etc. Marine invertebrate biodiversity contributes to the structure and stability of ecosystem processes such as productivity, ecological networks, as well as nutrient and biogeochemical cycling having also an economic importance as a food source for local populations. Mangroves and seagrasses encompass ecological and socio-economic relevance as they have a preponderant role in marine and coastal ecosystem biodiversity and functioning providing a vast number of goods and services to local populations. Although generally pristine, mangroves and seagrasses in Africa are extremely vulnerable to the increased migration of rural populations to urban coastal areas and to extreme climate events. As a result, human activities such as construction, agriculture and food harvesting, provoke habitat degradation and biodiversity loss which will have further devastating consequences. The degradation and unsustainable use of these ecosystems have major drawbacks to the elimination of extreme poverty because this is one of the key factors that drive environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. The main goal of this work is to use NHC and digital repositories data (including scientific literature) to assess how biodiversity loss and habitat degradation affect ecosystem functioning and services provided by marine invertebrate communities of mangroves and seagrass meadows in the West and East African coast, using the case study of Mozambique and Príncipe’s Island. These will lead to the construction of a comprehensive dataset, an ecological model and a framework adapted to marine invertebrate biodiversity from Mozambique’s (MZ) and São Tomé and Príncipe’s (STP) mangroves and seagrasses as tools:1) integrate and disseminate marine invertebrate biodiversity data gathered along a spatio-temporal scale; 2) compare marine invertebrate assemblies from pristine and impacted habitats in African countries and predict the progress of these communities to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss; and 3) manage ecosystem functioning and services delivered by marine invertebrate assemblages under anthropogenic and environmental pressure scenarios. Specifically this project intends to: compile and integrate the available information contained in NHC and DED to develop a comprehensive spatio-temporal dataset on marine invertebrate biodiversity (e.g. species, number of individuals, local of occurrence and georeferencing, date of collection/observation), as well as mangroves and seagrasses distribution along the Mozambique’s and Príncipe’s coasts; assess different indexes of invertebrate marine biodiversity, biodiversity and habitat spatio-temporal distribution; develop an ecological network approach to assess the functional links of marine invertebrate communities within the studied habitats, and to refine their role in ecosystem functioning, as well as ecosystem services (ES) provided by marine invertebrates in mangroves and seagrasses from MZ and STP; construct a model to evaluate the ecological responses of mangrove and seagrass invertebrate communities to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss and to predict multi-dimensional (spatial, temporal, and social) trade-offs in local/regional ecosystem services along a spatio-temporal gradient; develop a practical framework to manage and preserve ecosystem functioning and services delivered by mangrove and seagrass marine invertebrates under a global change scenario. compile and integrate the available information contained in NHC and DED to develop a comprehensive spatio-temporal dataset on marine invertebrate biodiversity (e.g. species, number of individuals, local of occurrence and georeferencing, date of collection/observation), as well as mangroves and seagrasses distribution along the Mozambique’s and Príncipe’s coasts; assess different indexes of invertebrate marine biodiversity, biodiversity and habitat spatio-temporal distribution; develop an ecological network approach to assess the functional links of marine invertebrate communities within the studied habitats, and to refine their role in ecosystem functioning, as well as ecosystem services (ES) provided by marine invertebrates in mangroves and seagrasses from MZ and STP; construct a model to evaluate the ecological responses of mangrove and seagrass invertebrate communities to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss and to predict multi-dimensional (spatial, temporal, and social) trade-offs in local/regional ecosystem services along a spatio-temporal gradient; develop a practical framework to manage and preserve ecosystem functioning and services delivered by mangrove and seagrass marine invertebrates under a global change scenario.

Geographic information technology usage in developing countries – A case study in Mozambique

ABSTRACTGeographic information technologies (GIT) have matured, have become pervasive throughout many types of organizations over recent decades and gained a wide range of attention in diverse sectors of society. The goal of this paper is to identify the main drivers and uses of GIT in organizations and to give an overview of GIT uses in developing countries with a focus on a case study developed for Mozambique by analyzing the results of a survey of 123 Mozambican organizations that are current GIT users. The results show that the main drivers behind are compatibility, complexity, competitive pressure, donor pressure, government policy, intention to adopt, innovation, relative advantage, security, and technology competence. Organizations of the public and private sectors use GIT for customer/resource/risk management, decision support, education, research, monitoring, prediction, simulation, suitability analysis, sustainability, use and access.

Large-scale land acquisitions aggravate the feminization of poverty: findings from a case study in Mozambique

The local implications of large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs), commonly referred to as land grabs, are at the center of an exponential production of scientific literature that only seldom focuses on gender. Our case study aims to contribute to filling this analytical gap. Based on structured interviews and focus groups, we investigate local experiences in the lower Limpopo valley in Mozambique, where a Chinese investor was granted 20,000 hectares in 2012. Our findings show that land access in the affected area varied prior to land seizure due to historical land use differences and after land seizure mainly due to non-universal compensation. Furthermore, we show that as farming conditions deteriorate, a trend toward both the feminization of smallholder farming and the feminization of poverty is consolidated. Succinctly, as available land becomes increasingly constricted, labor is allocated differently to alternative activities. This process is by no means random or uniform among households, particularly in a context in which women prevail in farm activities and men prevail in off-farm work. As men disengage further from smallholder farming, women remain directly dependent on fields that are smaller and of worse quality or reliant on precarious day labor in the remaining farms. We contend that the categories female-headed and male-headed households, although not inviolable, are useful in explaining the different implications of LSLAs in areas in which gender strongly substantiates individuals’ livelihood alternatives.

The waste hierarchy: a strategic, tactical and operational approach for developing countries. the case study of mozambique

The waste hierarchy: a strategic, tactical and operational approach for developing countries. the case study of mozambique

Tourism demand modelling and forecasting with artificial neural network models: The Mozambique case study

This study is aimed to model and forecast the tourism demand for Mozambique for the period from January 2004 to December 2013 using artificial neural networks models. The number of overnight stays in Hotels was used as representative of the tourism demand. A set of independent variables were experimented in the input of the model, namely: Consumer Price Index, Gross Domestic Product and Exchange Rates, of the outbound tourism markets, South Africa, United State of America, Mozambique, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The best model achieved has 6.5% for Mean Absolute Percentage Error and 0.696 for Pearson correlation coefficient. A model like this with high accuracy of forecast is important for the economic agents to know the future growth of this activity sector, as it is important for stakeholders to provide products, services and infrastructures and for the hotels establishments to adequate its level of capacity to the tourism demand.

Financial sustainability of urban water cycle services in developing countries: a case study in Mozambique

A management strategy to achieve financial sustainability of urban water cycle services in developing countries is presented, based on the development of the Long Term Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Plan for the Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Administration (Administração de Infra-estruturas de Água e Saneamento (AIAS)) of Mozambique. AIAS is responsible for water supply and sanitation systems of 151 cities and towns (9.38 million inhabitants in 2015, 17.55 million expected in 2040). The needs in this sector are considerable, financial resources are scarce and, as a result, the Millennium Development Goals are still off track to be achieved. An integrated approach was applied to estimate the investments needs, considering differentiated levels of service depending on the urban area characteristics and taking into consideration the household income limitations, in order to achieve an economically sustainable increase in coverage and service level. The work developed resulted in an action plan aligned with the national strategy vision and adaptable to every city and town of Mozambique, including two decision support tools to enable stakeholders' decision making on potential investments: the Water and Wastewater Database (Base de Informação de Água e Saneamento) and the Dynamic Economic tool to support investments in water supply and sanitation services.

Migrations et recompositions des stratégies socio-économiques des familles rurales au Mozambique : une lecture institutionnelle des circulations contemporaines

À partir d’une étude de cas au Mozambique, cet article analyse le rôle des migrations dans les recompositions des stratégies socio-économiques des familles en termes de diversification des activités et de processus d’accumulation d’actifs. Les résultats, fondés sur une approche institutionnelle associée à la notion de circulation en géographie sociale, mettent en lumière les rôles décisifs des formes de migrations et de leurs dimensions institutionnelles dans les dynamiques de différenciation économique observées.

A Sustainable Approach to the Harmonization of Electric Power Availability with the Mining Industry in Africa: a Case Study of Mozambique

It remains for a sustainability study to consider how to meet social needs for energy services in the realization of sustainable development, because globally about 2 billion people still have no acess to modern energy. It is therefore necessary to draw attention to energy access - w million deaths annually are associated with the indoor burning of solid fuels. Energy-supply infrastructure globally needs a cumulative investment of US$25.6 trillion for the period 2008-2030, and African portion of this investment is estimated at US$454 billion. Power generation that is dependent on the mining industry seems to be a worthwhile subject for considering the combination of energy availability with national development, so this strategy is discussed, with the focus on a case study of Mozambique: it can be estimated that self-supply system in the mining industry actually export a certain amount of power to national and regional markets, and they may be an opportunity to generate low-cost power through the use of discard coal from coking coal export operations. However, Mozambique should prevent discard coal from becoming a hazardosu load; mercury is on of the most toxic element in coal and its by-products. Political strategies that solove a socio-economic problem but cause an eneviornmental one should be avoided if sustainable development is to be properly realized.

How Promising is the Rice Green Revolution in Sub‐Saharan Africa? Evidence from Case Studies in Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ghana1

While the population continues to grow rapidly, the pace of area expansion has slowed down considerably in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) due to the gradual exhaustion of uncultivated areas. In order to reduce the widespread and persistent rural poverty in SSA, it is imperative to increase the food production by increasing the productivity per unit of land or achieving the Green Revolution. This article attempts to demonstrate that lowland rice is a promising crop for SSA importantly because Asian Green Revolution technology can be directly transferable to SSA and that a major constraint on the rice Green Revolution is the lack ofstrong extension systems.