Case Study Approach Research Articles (Page 1)

Immuno-biographies of people living with blood-borne viruses: a timeline interview and narrative case study approach

This study examines the effectiveness of village fund management in enhancing development, analyzes the impact of village funds on development improvement, and identifies supporting and inhibiting factors for village fund realization in Galung Village, Barru Regency. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data collection utilized primary and secondary sources, including the Galung Village Budget Realization Report and interviews with key informants. Data analysis combined effectiveness ratio analysis and qualitative data analysis through data organization and coding, theme and pattern identification, data interpretation, narrative compilation, verification, triangulation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that village fund management effectiveness in Galung Village, Barru Regency during 2019-2023 achieved an effective category with 100% realization rate annually. Village funds positively impacted development through infrastructure improvements that enhanced accessibility, facility utilization, and community quality of life. Supporting factors for village fund realization include clear government policies and robust technology information systems. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors encompass limited human resource capacity, adverse weather conditions, and insufficient community participation.

Rising divorce rates have triggered custody disputes where children's fundamental rights face systematic neglect, generating psychological trauma and legal ambiguity. This research examines post-divorce child protection under Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, analyzing Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd as a case study. Two primary questions guide the investigation: first, how courts operationalize the child welfare principle in custody determinations within Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd; second, how Law No. 35 of 2014 safeguards children's rights amid post-divorce custody conflicts. Employing normative juridical methodology through statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, the research reveals that Law No. 35 of 2014 establishes child welfare as the paramount consideration in all child-related decisions. The principle addresses physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions to secure optimal development. Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd demonstrates practical application: the judicial panel awarded custody to the biological mother based on her superior capacity to provide appropriate care environments while preserving paternal visitation rights. The ruling simultaneously mandates financial support obligations, reinforcing continued parental accountability post-divorce. The decision effectively operationalizes child-centered legal frameworks through balanced consideration of caregiving capacity, emotional bonding, and economic responsibility.

This study aims to describe how the Comsoft Aeronautical Data Access System (CADAS) is used in the NOTAM workflow at Palembang Aeronautical Information Service and how operators behave when the system is not stable. This research was conducted with a qualitative case study approach, which combined interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis to capture daily operational practices and problems that occurred in real conditions. The results of this study indicated that CADAS is still the main system for NOTAM drafting, verification, and transmission. However, its performance is often disturbed by irregular system errors such as sudden shutdowns, delays in data processing, and intermittent failures to send or receive raw NOTAM information. These disturbances create obstacles in fulfilling time-sensitive procedural requirements especially the ten-minute verification standard as stated in SOP.012. In case of system unresponsiveness, operators switch to alternative procedures through email distribution, Web Flight Plan submission, and manual logbook documentation so as not to cause delays; however, these manual steps require continuous follow-up to avoid gaps in recording. In general, this study underlines the importance of increasing CADAS reliability and ensuring that backup procedures are consistently applied so that continuity can be maintained even if there is an interruption in the system.

The current study analyzes the differences in attainment of Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) for three sections of ENG 102: English Composition 2 at the Modern College of Business and Science. Using a case study approach, the research conducts quantitative examinations of student performance records alongside rubric-based evaluation to identify achievement trends pertaining to four specific CLOs: mastery of the argumentative structure, counterargument development, report writing, and the composition of research papers through both collaborative authorship and source integration as described in CLO 4. The results indicate that although CLO 2 showed relative consistency across sections, CLOs 1, 3, and 4 exhibited significant differences. The higher performance observed in CLO 1 for Sections D1 and D2 may be attributable to the benefits of scaffolded genre-based instruction, while stronger attainment of CLO 3 in Section D7 seems to reinforce the notion that an early, explicit teaching of report writing serves propulsive purposes. On the contrary, the consistently lower performance across all sections in CLO 4 raises concerns about insufficient instructional scaffolding in the guided practice of collaborative research writing and source integration. Though instructional approaches were not directly observed, the conclusions offer opportunities for partially evidence-based hypotheses concerning the possible impact of instructional design and rubric alignment on student performance. To improve the attainment of CLOs in the given context, it is suggested that variability be streamlined by adopting standardized rubrics, collaborating on a skeletal instructional framework across sections, and integrating research writing instruction in the early parts of the course.

The study aimed to identify volunteer work in the Central Library in Al-Rayyan, where the case study approach was relied upon to describe the phenomenon, relying on a main tool, which is the checklist for collecting and interpreting data from the point of view of the researchers. The checklist was divided into 15 questions, each question aimed at achieving the goals that it seeks. The study reached several results, including: the diversity of volunteer opportunities for university employees in various library departments, limiting library volunteering to educational volunteering and no other sectors of volunteer work, adopting the national platform for volunteer work, good planning for volunteer work, and providing the volunteer with many skills. Communication, cooperation, and investment of time. When activating volunteer work, the library faces many challenges to achieve its goals. The study came out with several recommendations, including: opening volunteer fields for all specializations at the university and in various sectors, announcing the policies that govern volunteer work, and conducting studies aimed at measuring the impact of volunteer work on development. Self-skills and capabilities from the volunteers’ point of view.

Indonesia is predicted to start experiencing a nationwide aging population by 2035. An increase in the elderly population is synonymous with physical and mental decline and the risk of becoming disabled. This research aims to explore the complexity of the challenges of elderly with disabilities and efforts to realize social inclusion. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with several relevant regional apparatus organizations including the Regional Development Planning Agency and the Social Service of Yogyakarta Province. The findings of this study show that the complexity of the challenges of elderly disabilities is the result of the intersection between cultural and structural aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the challenges of the elderly with disabilities in the perspective of social exclusion, especially related to the discourse of redistribution and moral underclass.

This paper examines the resilience and sustainability of Jingitiu, the ancestral religion of the Sabu tribe on Sabu Island, Indonesia. Despite significant decline since the 19th century due to conversions to Christianity and Islam, Jingitiu persists. Using a case study approach with data from interviews, observations, and literature review, this research identifies key factors for its endurance. These include the continuation of ritual practices, performing arts, and the economic empowerment of the indigenous community. The study also explores socio-cultural relationships between Jingitiu, Muslim, and Christian communities. Legally recognized by the Indonesian Constitutional Court, Jingitiu demonstrates how an ancestral faith can endure by asserting its identity and adapting to modernity. It plays a vital role in preserving local cultural heritage, thereby reinforcing national identity.

As one of the most technically and managerially complex types of construction projects, super-high-rise buildings require deep multidisciplinary integration and intensive collaboration throughout their lifecycle. Conventional stage-based delivery models, such as the EPC, are often inadequate for handling this complexity. In recent years, the integrated Financing–Engineering, Procurement and Construction–Operation (F+EPC+O) model has emerged to address lifecycle governance challenges in building projects. This study explores how an investment-led F+EPC+O model builds dynamic capabilities to enable lifecycle collaboration in complex projects. It is based on a case study of the Xiamen Hemei Center and employs a qualitative case study approach to examine the operation of an internal F+EPC+O in the project. Drawing on multi-source data, including internal archives, BIM/CIM logs, and interviews, the findings identify three elements—lifecycle incentive alignment, internal power symmetry, and extended operation duration—that shape the Sensing–Seizing–Reconfiguring (SSR) capabilities of the approach. Specifically, Sensing is achieved through NPV-based decision frameworks and cross-stage trade-off lists; Seizing is achieved through BIM/CIM issue closure and joint rapid-cycle decision-making; and Reconfiguring is achieved through performance feedback and institutionalized knowledge repositories. The findings indicate that the SSR dynamic cycle transforms institutional integration into value co-creation, turning project complexity into a source of collaborative advantage.

This article explores how insights from past and present North American infrastructure projects can inform the rethinking of infrastructure’s role in the transformation of European ‘dispersed territories’, i.e. low-density urban-rural configurations. Framed by the concept of the “territorial palimpsest”, this paper adopts a qualitative, comparative case study approach to examine how infrastructure design can mediate the urban-rural divide. Through diachronic analysis, it considers several twentieth-century infrastructural imaginaries and contemporary projects. While acknowledging the fundamental socio-political and spatial differences between North American urban sprawl and European dispersed territories, the selected cases offer critical insights into the role of infrastructure as a catalyst for socio-ecological and spatial change. Each case is examined through a common analytical lens to uncover how infrastructure is conceived and deployed. The paper concludes by distilling lessons for the European context, including the importance of integrating design ambition with feasibility, engaging with governance structures, embracing multifunctional and hybrid strategies, and re-evaluating existing conditions as opportunities. These insights aim to support a more adaptive and interdisciplinary understanding of infrastructure as a catalyst for resilient and inclusive spatial transformation beyond the traditional urban-rural dichotomy.

The relevance of study is determined by ever increasing integration of innovative technologies into teaching and learning process at all levels of educational system, as well as evident change in the population of today students Generation Z representatives are ‘digital natives’, thus educators have to search for appropriate methods and didactics to motivate and engage them, to enable their high performance results in changing landscape of education. Numerous studies have discovered innovative methods to design environments that are appropriate for ESL/EFL learners’ needs in order to guarantee successful mastery of their target language through the integration of technology in language learning. The results of several studies have shown the effectiveness of such a platform through the use of particular video game genres, such as MMORPG. Based on narrative review methodology, with the elements of case study approach, the current study attempted to identify and systematize existing key concepts and the overall scope of evidence in the domain of MMORPG gamification embodying to the process of teaching English. The findings tie MMORPG educational integration with the connectivism paradigm in modern pedagogy, and show that MMORPGs activate metacognitive and cognitive skills in learners, significantly contributing to vocabulary acquisition, reading and writing skills, as well as English communication skills. At the same time, some actually latent pitfalls should be taken into account such as assimilation of non-standard English, slang, or game-specific language, as well as the risk of addiction development. Thus, we conclude that a balanced perspective should be applied in the process of MMORPG gamification integration into the teaching process and curricula, and further empirical studies are needed in this domain.

This paper examines community-initiated picket lines in solidarity with Palestine at the ports of Oakland, Long Beach, Seattle, and Port Elizabeth in 2014 and 2021 which sought to enable dockworkers to participate in effective de facto work stoppages for political ends despite a restrictive legal context. Using a comparative case study approach, the analysis highlights key contextual factors – including urban proximity, terminal accessibility, and union political history – that shaped the ability of campaigners to block vessels from the Zim shipping line. The research also identifies crucial organizing variables, including the capacity of community groups to mobilize large picket lines, the role of “bridge-builders” linking unions and community actors, and sustained research, education and outreach efforts. Findings provide critical insights into identifying promising targets for action and instituting effective organizing practices for labor and community activists seeking to jointly advance social justice goals at the workplace within a legally constrained environment.

Psychological dynamics refer to the interactions and changes that occur in a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior when they face and resolve conflicts involving perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Understanding a person's psychological dynamics can help in understanding their needs and the appropriate ways to help them overcome various psychological problems. This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics of adolescent perpetrators of sexual violence who are undergoing rehabilitation at the Class I Special Child Rehabilitation Institution (LPKA) in Kupang City. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research subjects consisted of two children involved in sexual violence cases. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, supported by interviews with LPKA officers and psychological assessment reports. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques based on cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal aspects. The results of the study show that the psychological dynamics of adolescent perpetrators of sexual violence are influenced by parenting patterns, family, past experiences, emotional pressure, and the influence of the social environment. The cognitive aspect of adolescents is characterized by a lack of self-control and understanding of risk, the emotional aspect shows anger, guilt, and regret, while the interpersonal aspect is influenced by negative social circles and poor social skills. This study emphasizes the importance of a guidance approach that not only emphasizes legal aspects but also psychological rehabilitation, the role of family, and the social environment to prevent the recurrence of sexual violence.

Urban sustainability has increasingly emphasized accessibility and inclusivity, reflecting the growing recognition that urban planning must address the diverse needs of different social groups. In recent decades, several developed countries have pioneered inclusive urban planning, resulting in projects such as Vienna’s gender mainstreaming community and Barcelona’s Superblocks, which respond to differentiated needs in housing, transportation, and public space. However, these initiatives demonstrate how sustainable urban planning can enhance social equity and livability. Similar efforts in developing countries remain limited, fragmented, or nonexistent. This study examines representative cases from developed nations to discern fundamental principles and strategies that underpin effective inclusive urban planning. The study utilizes a case study and comparative analytic approach to clarify aspects such as transportation accessibility, safety, multifunctional community, and public space. The results suggest that incorporating inclusion into sustainable planning frameworks can enhance accessibility, promote social justice, and improve environmental resilience. The paper concludes by offering realistic, grounded suggestions for developing countries based on established best practices from around the world. The suggestions focus on strategies that can be tailored to each country’s social, cultural, and economic conditions.

Background Effective learning strategies are essential for inclusive elementary classrooms, particularly in Indonesian language education, where students have diverse learning needs and digital access levels. Although social media has become a common educational tool, its structured use as a pedagogical model for inclusive learning in Indonesian schools is limited. Previous studies have largely focused on general online learning, leaving a gap in understanding how social media can foster inclusion and language skill development. This study addresses that gap by exploring how social media can be systematically integrated into Indonesian language learning and by developing a strategy that promotes inclusivity, collaboration, and student engagement. Methods A qualitative case study approach was employed to capture in-depth insights from classroom practices. Data were collected from 15 elementary school teachers across five Indonesian provinces (West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta, and South Kalimantan) using semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires. Data were coded and analyzed thematically using NVivo 14 to identify emerging categories, patterns, and interconnections among teachers’ experiences and perceptions. Results The findings indicate that social media effectively supports both collaborative and independent learning, enhances digital literacy, and increases motivation among students. Teachers reported that platforms such as WhatsApp and YouTube foster communication, creativity, and resource sharing. However, they also highlighted challenges related to unequal internet access, data privacy, and managing online behavior. Three key themes emerged: (1) social media as a catalyst for collaboration, (2) digital literacy development through authentic media interaction, and (3) the need for clear guidelines to maintain safety and equity. Conclusions This study proposes the Social Media Networking (SMN) framework, offering practical steps for teachers to integrate social media into inclusive pedagogy. The SMN framework demonstrates that social media can function as a structured, participatory, and equitable learning strategy that strengthens inclusivity and engagement in Indonesian language classrooms.

This research examines Balee Inong’s objectives as a women’s struggle community in Banda Aceh City towards increasing the role of women in the public sector. Although Balee Inong has empowered women in Banda Aceh City, one community, to fight for women’s rights, Balee Inong has not shown significant results in involving most women actively engaged in public spaces and decision-making subjects. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to analyze the roles and challenges of Balee Inong, which focuses on empowerment and work programs in Balee Inong. The study findings indicate that Balee Inong’s role has not yet been maximized due to several factors related to women’s political identity awareness, social construction, and patriarchal culture. These obstacles hinder women’s more significant role in the public sphere. This study concludes that although Balee Inong in Banda Aceh City provides opportunities for increasing women’s participation, it has not had a substantial impact on reaching all women in Banda Aceh City. The limitation of this study is that it has not fully reached women in Banda Aceh City who represent Balee Inong because of different perspectives and not yet significantly represented. This study highlights the need for more realistic efforts through comprehensive empowerment to distribute the understanding and goals of Balee Inong in the public domain.

The landslide disaster in Amanuban Village, Oebufu, caused huge losses, including loss of land, shelter and infrastructure damage. This research uses a case study approach that aims to identify and describe disaster mitigation carried out in Amanuban Village. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation and then analyzed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the community experienced psychological impacts in the form of stress and trauma. The disaster mitigation carried out is relocation which includes providing relocation houses and moving residences, emotional support in the form of providing strength to fellow survivors, strengthening social motives with colaboration and role sharing, and increasing the ability to face disasters through socialization, counseling, education, disaster training and disaster simulations. The purpose of this mitigation is to reduce the risk of casualties, loss of property, loss of shelter and prevent psychological impacts.

ABSTRACT The ways in which educational environments for students with diverse needs are conceptualised in schools often lead to exclusionary practices. At times there is some reluctance to make the necessary adjustments and accommodations for this student population, and this lack of attention is mirrored in the physical spaces allocated for their learning. This study examines the physical placement of special needs classrooms within schools. A significant number of dedicated classrooms for students with diverse needs are positioned in isolated or unsuitable areas. A case study approach is used to explore classroom placement in depth. Four case studies illustrate the location of special needs classrooms within the broader school context and the implications are discussed. Using spatial theory and an inclusive interpretative lens, site maps and the placement of special needs classrooms are examined in relation to factors such as safety, access, publicness and support. Consideration is also given to legislative requirements in Australia and what adjustments would be reasonable. The findings highlight a failure to consider students in a broader ecological context, limited understanding of their interactions within the educational environment and the need to provide purposeful opportunities for engagement and contact with others.

The Malay-Patani ethnonationalism conflict in Southern Thailand reflects the complex dynamics between identity construction, violence, and the violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The background to the conflict is rooted in the political, cultural, and religious marginalization of the Malay-Muslim community by a Thai state that emphasizes the homogeneity of the Thai-Buddhist national identity. The suppression of the Malay language, religious institutions, and collective historical memory led to armed resistance and escalation of violence in the region. This research aims to analyze in depth how the construction of the Malay-Patani identity contributes to violence and forms of violation of the basic principles of IHL, such as distinction, proportionality, and necessity. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through literature studies, reports from international organizations (International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch), and critical discourse analysis of identity narratives and violence. The results show that the construction of identity suppressed by state policy results in the legitimization of violence by separatist groups, while the state also responds with repressive actions that violate international humanitarian norms. Both state and non-state actors have been involved in systematic violations of IHL, including attacks on civilians, torture, and the use of banned weapons.

Purpose This paper explores the application of Chat-GPT o1, a reasoning-based generative AI (GAI) model, as a co-creation tool in the writing, self-publishing and marketing of a novel, showing how innovations in reasoning GAI have transformative potential in the creative writing industry. Design/methodology/approach Integrating autoethnographic insights with a case study approach, the research examines how GAI-driven processes can minimise human intervention while preserving narrative coherence, structural integrity and commercial viability. A mixed-methods design was employed to capture the dual dynamics of creative innovation and market performance. Findings Findings reveal that Chat-GPT o1 accelerates production efficiency by approximately 50-fold compared to traditional methods, seamlessly integrating digital innovation with market responsiveness. However, limitations in deep thematic integration and nuanced character development suggest that strategic human oversight remains critical. Originality/value This study contributes to the discourse on digital transformation by demonstrating how innovations in reasoning-based GAI can significantly alter the production and marketing processes of what would historically be considered a uniquely human artefact, the novel, offering actionable insights for authors, publishers and researchers seeking to navigate and shape the future of creative authorship.