Case Reporting System Research Articles

Demographic features of identified PLWHA infected through commercial and nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact in China from 2015 to 2018: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BackgroundUnderstanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.MethodsCases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.ResultsOverall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P < 0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11,004.00 (2017), 12,836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

Rapid increase of gonorrhoea cases in Guangdong Province, China, 2014–2017: a review of surveillance data

ObjectivesAn increased trend in the number of reported gonorrhoea cases has been observed between 2014 and 2017 in China. This study aims to describe the reported epidemic of gonorrhoea and...

The characteristics of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China and predictors of their migration, 2008-2015

Objective: To characterize the migration patterns of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2008-2015 and to characterize the determinants of their migration. Methods: All identified HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through self-reported homosexual contact reported to the National Case Reporting System(CRS) by the end of December 31, 2015 were included in this study. Data of basic demographic characteristics, household registration and address of the research objects were collected. Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the migration characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases between 2008 and 2015.We used the χ2 test to analyze their migration patterns and epidemiological characteristics, and multilevel logistic regression to investigate the determinants of migration. Results: While mobile cases comprised 46.1% of the sample (n=54 714), we detected a significant rising trend (χ2=130.93, P<0.001) as this proportion rose from 42.0% (1 335/3 182) in 2008 to 47.9% (15 623/32 610) in 2015. Of the 13 580 mobile cases with Hukou registration in Eastern China, 89.8% (12 201) migrated to other parts of Eastern China. Meanwhile, 52.0% of the 26 088 cases registered in Central China (n=13 570) and 30.5% of the 14 106 registered in Western China (n=4 298) migrated to Eastern China. Furthermore, 96.2% of mobile cases (n=52 627) resided in the urban areas, of which 40.8% (n=21 452) migrated from rural areas to urban areas and 58.4% (n=30 722) migrated between urban areas. The annual proportion of cases who changed their address within 1 year of diagnosis ranged from 12.0%-18.5%. The results of the multilevel model showed that cases who were aged 25-49 years (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.26-1.34), single (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.87-2.02), and had a high school education or above (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.64-1.73) were more likely to migrate. AIDS (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.69-0.74), Hukou registration in an urban area (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.61-0.65), in Central China (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.73-0.97), Western China (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.64-0.87), and in regions with a high population density or above-average gross domestic product (GDP) per head (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.87 and OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.79, respectively) were negatively associated with migration. Conclusion: The number and proportion of mobile HIV cases showed a rising annual trend. Age, marital status, level of education and disease severity, in addition to the population density and level of economic development of cases' place of origin, were significant determinants of migration.