Theft Cases Research Articles

An exploration of the service and crime prevention performance of the municipal police departments of Taiwan’s counties: the perspective of broken windows theory

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the service and crime prevention performance of law enforcement agencies in Taiwan’s municipalities. By analyzing these performances, the study seeks to improve the efficiency of police services through appropriate resource allocation, ultimately achieving enhanced crime prevention.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to construct performance metrics. In the first stage, the service performance of the police force was measured using the number of police officers and police stations as inputs and the number of patrols and temporary patrol boxes as outputs. In the second stage, crime prevention performance was assessed with the number of patrols and temporary patrol boxes as inputs and cases of violence, injury, intimidation and theft as outputs. Additionally, a truncated regression model was employed to analyze the impact of environmental variables such as per capita income, population density, proportion of the population with higher education and the unemployment rate on crime prevention performance.FindingsThe study found significant variations in both service and crime prevention performance across different municipalities. By identifying the most efficient and inefficient units, the analysis revealed critical insights into resource utilization and areas needing improvement. The regression analysis indicated that environmental factors such as higher per capita income, population density, education level and unemployment rate significantly affect crime prevention performance.Originality/valueThis research provides a novel approach to assessing police service efficiency and crime prevention effectiveness using a two-stage DEA model. By incorporating environmental variables through truncated regression, the study offers a comprehensive evaluation framework that can inform policy decisions and resource allocation strategies. This methodology not only highlights the performance metrics of law enforcement agencies but also underscores the influence of socioeconomic factors on crime prevention, contributing to the broader literature on public safety and resource management.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Cybercrime Investigation: Challenges and Future Directions

Computer and social networking whereby criminals use the Internet to propagate criminal activities are some of the major challenges faced by existing policing strategies. Modern-day crimes include hacking into computer systems and stealing money from consumers, ransomware, identity theft cases, and hacking, all of which use the dark web and encryption. In this regard, artificial intelligence (AI) is the most efficient solution for improving the manner of cybercrime investigation. This paper also analyses how AI technologies such as machine learning natural language processing, and deep learning can be incorporated in cybercrime investigations and how they can assist in dealing with difficulties concerning data volume, complexity, and encryption. The advantages of utilizing AI are numerous from pattern recognition to repetitive tasks cutting down the investigation time. However, the paper recognizes that applying AI in business brings legal, technical, and ethical concerns including; privacy, bias, and legal constrictions. This research analyses existing legal frameworks of India, the EU, and the United States while looking at how it would be possible to incorporate AI into cybercrime investigations without violating the rights of a citizen. Further, it reveals infringement and possible bias, as well as unlawful use for violations, and recounts drawbacks related to the lack of resources and expertise that police departments confront. In the final section of the paper, directions for future research focusing on the use of AI in the fight against cybercrime are given in addition to that, the practice of cooperation with different countries, legal regulation of such activities, protection of ethical issues, and training of personnel are described. They are useful in making sure that the levels of artificial intelligence benefits are achieved fully without compromising security and the basic rights of an individual

Theft in the Family Context: An Analysis of Article 367 of the Criminal Code and its Application in Indonesia

This study aims to explore the regulation and implementation of family criminal law regarding theft cases within a family context from the perspectives of Indonesia Criminal Codes (KUHP) and the theory of jarimah of the Islamic criminal law. By employing a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, the research analyzes legal sources and relevant literature. The findings reveal that theft is generally regarded as a common crime. However, in specific contexts, such as theft occurring within a family setting, special provisions outlined in Article 367 of the KUHP. This article classifies family theft as a complaint offense (klacht delict), meaning it can only be prosecuted if there is a complaint from the aggrieved party. The study underscores the importance of thoroughly understanding the characteristics of family theft and its implications for the criminal justice system. It also highlights the need for further evaluation of the effectiveness and application of this law in the Indonesian family context, incorporating insights from the theory of jarimah in Islamic criminal law.

Criminal Law Policy against ‘Pratima’ Theft: Perspective of Balinese Customary Criminal Law

Law enforcement of the crime of Pratima theft in Bali does not provide a sense of justice for traditional law communities as victims. In response to this, it is necessary to construct law enforcement for the crime of Pratima theft to achieve a sense of justice, benefit, and legal certainty for the Balinese customary law community. This research method is sociological law (sociological jurisprudence), emphasizing the study of the operation of law in traditional law communities in Bali. The object of the study is the legal facts related to the crime of Pratima theft. Based on the research results, it was found that law enforcement prioritized legal certainty rather than social justice itself. The Balinese traditional law community desires fair and beneficial law enforcement. The provisions on the principle of legality in deciding pratima theft cases in Bali do not prevent the application of laws that exist in society. Judges should also apply customary criminal sanctions, thereby demonstrating that criminal law policies protect customary law communities. In imposing sanctions, the panel of judges is expected to be guided by the harmony of law enforcement objectives, based on local wisdom. The application of the Tri Hita Karana concept as local wisdom in customary criminal sanctions shows that criminal law policy provides a sense of justice and protects customary law communities as victims, and restores harmony in the lives of Balinese customary law communities.

The prince of insiders: a multiple pathway approach to understanding IP theft insider attacks

Purpose Intellectual property (IP) theft is an increasing threat that can lead to large financial losses and reputational harm. These attacks are typically noticed only after the IP is stolen, which is usually too late. This paper aims to investigate the psychological profile and the socio-technical events that statistically predict the likelihood of an IP threat. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses 86 IP theft cases found in court documents. Two novel analyses are conducted. The research uses LLMs to analyse the personality of these insiders, which is followed by an investigation of the pathways to the attack using behaviour sequence analysis (BSA). Findings These IP theft insiders scored significantly higher on measures of Machiavellianism compared to the normal population. Socio-technical variables, including IP theft via photographs, travelling overseas, approaching multiple organisations and delivering presentations, were identified. Contrary to previous assumptions that there is a single pathway to an attack, the authors found that multiple, complex pathways lead to an attack (sometimes multiple attacks). This work, therefore, provides a new framework for considering critical pathways to insider attacks. Practical implications These findings reveal that IP theft insiders may come across as charming, star employees rather than the stereotype of disgruntled employees. Moreover, organisations’ policies may need to consider that IP theft occurs via non-linear and multiple pathways. This means that sequences of events need to be considered in detecting these attacks instead of anomalies outright. The authors also argue that there may be a case for “continuous evaluation” to detect insider activity. Originality/value This paper offers a new framework for understanding and studying insider threats. Instead of a single critical pathway, this work demonstrates the need to consider multiple interconnected pathways. It elucidates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and provides opportunities to reconsider current practices in detection and prevention.

Resolution Effort of Electricity Theft Crimes at PLN UP3 Sorong

This study aims to investigate the impact of electricity theft on PLN and the state and analyze the out-of-court resolution system for electricity theft by PT PLN UP3 Sorong Branch. The method used is an empirical juridical approach focusing on case analysis and field data. The results showed that PLN uses the additional bill, Tagihan Susulan (TS) as the fine, as an out-of-court resolution for electricity theft cases. However, there is an option to settle through the court if the customer objects. Although the number of cases is decreasing, challenges in addressing the problem of electricity theft still exist, and its resolution requires a holistic approach that considers the principles of justice and applicable law. In conclusion, electricity theft violates the law that must be addressed effectively to maintain the sustainability of the electricity sector and justice for all parties involved.

Effect of Pre-Harvest Losses on Profitability of Plantain Production in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study examined the effect of pre-harvest losses on profitability of plantain farmers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: describe the socio economic characteristics of plantain farmers, examine pre-harvest losses of plantain on profitability and determine factors that influence pre-harvest losses of plantain. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select five (5) local government areas (Yenagoa, Ogbia, Kolokuma-Opokuma, Sagbama and Southern Ijaw) purposively based on their predominance in commercial plantain farmers and six (6) communities each from the 5 LGAs respectively, and, furthermore, eight (8) plantain farmers in each community, making a total number of two hundred and forty (240) plantain farmers. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit the required information from the selected respondents. The result indicates that 55.1% of the respondents fall between the age range of 31-50 years, with the mean age of 44 years. Males (51.9%) dominated plantain production in the study area. The majority of the plantain farmers were married (60.0%), 95.5% had formal education, 60.0% had 1-15 years of farm experience, 77.9% were part-time farmers, 98.3% had family size of 1-10 persons in their households with a mean of 5 persons, and 56.7% had farm size of 2-4 hectares. The result further shows that 56.7% used hired labour while 86.7% had no month contact with extension agent. Sucker, fertilizer, household size, and educational level had a significant relationship with plantain production at various probability levels, indicating profitability. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that there is a need for the farmers to put up parameter fencing to prevent theft cases which is extremely high and adversely affects net farm income. However, government and non-governmental organizations can support in terms of granting farmers' soft loans in order to reduce the burden.

Smart Helmet for Motorcycle Safety Internet of Things Based

IoT (Internet of Things) is a concept that aims to utilize continuously connected internet connectivity, there are several IoT capabilities including data sharing, remote control and so on. One use that can be used is for security purposes, such as for safety riding , namely a Smart Helmet. The emergence of cases of motorbike theft and robbery requires vehicle owners to be more careful and increase their vigilance. Much has been done to prevent motorbike theft and robbery, for example using multiple locks and installing alarms on vehicles, but unfortunately some of these methods cannot completely overcome the rampant theft and robbery that is currently occurring. Apart from that, awareness among motorcyclists regarding the use of helmets is currently very minimal, which will have a fatal impact if the rider is involved in a high-profile accident without wearing a helmet. This thesis proposes a solution by developing a smart helmet, namely by providing facilities and equipment to anticipate crime while driving. Apart from that, this smart helmet will send a message if a robbery occurs and immediately send the driver's position. This helmet is integrated with the motorbike engine so the motorbike engine will stop if it is far from the helmet and the motorbike will not start if the helmet is not used. This Smart Helmet is designed based on IoT by using a Wireless module to connect to the motorbike engine, a GSM module for the alarm and notification system, and a GPS module to determine the location which is integrated with Google Maps.

Smart Home Security using Arduino-based Internet of Things (IoTs) Intrusion Detection System

Home intrusion detection systems (IDS) have become increasingly important in our modern community due to their high performance in adequately securing the home environment. Nowadays, there is an incessant increase in the number of theft cases hence a need for an intrusion detection system to detect any intruder around our homes. The aim of This paper is to develop a Smart Home Security using an Arduino-based Internet of Things (IoT) Intrusion Detection System. This security system is built using Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor and GSM module for efficient monitoring of intruders and sending of SMS alerts to the homeowners at a point of intrusion which is made possible through the Internet of Things network. The Internet of Things is simply a type of network used to connect anything with the Internet based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment to conduct information exchange and communications in order to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracing, monitoring, and or administration. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller programed to coordinate the activities of the various components connected together for efficient communication using C++ programming language through the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The system is simple and highly efficient as it is capable of detecting any intruder within the monitoring environment and triggering an SMS alert once an intruder is found.

Digital Evidence Tracing in the Investigation of Identity Theft in the E-Commerce Era

This research analyzes the application of regulations in prosecuting cyber crime in identity theft on e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. This study uses normative juridical research methods. This research considers various relevant laws, such as the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Copyright Law, the Telecommunications Law, the Company Documents Law, and the Money Laundering Crime Law. Analysis shows that this law provides a strong legal basis for law enforcement to take action against cybercriminals and impose appropriate criminal sanctions. Apart from that, the law regulates electronic evidence, strengthening the investigation process against perpetrators. However, prosecuting cybercrime cases of identity theft on e-commerce platforms often experiences obstacles, especially in arresting suspects and confiscating evidence. This is due to the characteristics of digital crimes which are often complex and difficult to trace, as well as the lack of adequate capabilities and resources on the part of law enforcement in handling these types of cases. Greater efforts are needed to increase law enforcement capacity, as well as closer cooperation between authorities and e-commerce platform providers to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime

Studi Putusan Pengadilan dalam Kasus Penganiayaan oleh Tahanan di Bawah Arahan Kepolisian: Sebuah Kajian Hukum

The police, as an institution that should provide a sense of security to the community, are often involved in violations of the law themselves. One such case of legal violation involving members of the police occurred at the Banyumas City Police Station (Polresta Banyumas). Eleven members of Polresta Banyumas and ten detainees were involved in the criminal act of assault against a detainee in a theft case, which resulted in the detainee's death. Seven of the eleven members of Polresta Banyumas have been sanctioned for violating the code of ethics by failing to supervise the detainee, leading to the assault. Based on this, it is necessary to examine the legal consequences for detainees who commit acts of assault within the detention facility under orders from police officers. This research employs a normative juridical method, where the study is conducted by examining literature or secondary data using a case approach, a statute approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of this research explain that the defendants were merely following orders from the Banyumas City Police officers, who are the authorized authorities. Therefore, the detainees should be acquitted of all charges because they committed the assault not of their own volition but under the orders of the police officers as the authorized authorities.

Penal and Social Aspects of Water Theft: A Case Study of Ternate City

There are many cases of water theft from the Regional Drinking Water Company, especially in Ternate City. Article 28 letter h Regional Government of Ternate City No. 28 of 2011 on the Drinking Water Service of the Ternate City Municipal Water Company prohibits taking drinking water directly from distribution pipes or service pipes without going through a water meter. This research to analyze legal efforts against criminal acts of theft of Drinking Water Company Ternate City water committed by customers and non-subscribers through criminal and social efforts. This empirical research uses a statutory approach and a case approach. The results showed legal prevention of criminal acts of water theft can be done through penal efforts emphasizing repressive efforts (suppression/ eradication/extermination) and non-penal efforts emphasizing social and community efforts (prevention/anticipation/control). It is expected that the combination of criminal sanctions and social sanctions is expected to reduce the rate of water theft.

Tinjauan Kriminologi Terhadap Residivis Kasus Pencurian di Kota Kupang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the criminological review of recidivist theft cases in Kupang City. This research is a type of empirical juridical research and the data collection uses interview techniques with respondents and literature studies. The data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the factors causing theft crimes by recidivists are economic factors, environmental factors, family factors, opportunity factors, psychological factors. The modus operandi carried out by recidivists is to survey or monitor the location of the theft randomly and then lurk, follow, and some even block the targets in place to carry out the theft. Countermeasures against recidivists, namely preemptive efforts are prevention efforts carried out early on, and preventive efforts emphasize prevention efforts to eliminate opportunities to commit crimes that must be carried out individually, society, government and police officials. As well as countermeasures by means of coaching carried out by prisons and detention centers against recidivists are personality coaching and independence coaching. The author's suggestion is the need for support and active role from all levels of society to fully support the implementation of countermeasures carried out by the police and correctional institutions. The importance of legal awareness in oneself of the legal values that apply in a community group. Especially for correctional institutions, changes are needed in the coaching system where coaching for recidivist prisoners needs to be stricter and psychologist assistance is needed so that the mental health conditions of prisoners are checked and it is also necessary to eliminate some of the rights of prisoners such as leave before release and conditional release.

Design and Production of a Paper Shredding Machine

There are countless cases of cooperate and government espionage, identity theft, sensitive information leaks. This all led to the need for government agencies, private and public institutions and even private individuals to protect their sensitive information and prevent it from falling into the wrong hands. The act of discarding whole, readable documents containing sensitive information poses huge risks to an individual or organization, as these documents can be retrieved from a trash bin and the information they contain easily accessed. This has led to a number of identity theft cases, where a crime is committed using the information of an unsuspecting individual. Although advancements in information technology have resulted in electronic transmission and storage of information, a good number is still communicated via paper. This newly designed paper shredding machine utilized chain and sprocket in the power transmission which offers a high transmission efficiency unlike some paper shredding machines that used belt and pulley which cause slip and transmission losses. The machine architecture is very compact with ergonomically suitable features, and the performance is high. The shredding efficiency was 94%.Improvement on further work to improve the shredding efficiency is required.

The stock characters in the editorial boards of journals run by predatory publishers

AbstractThis study sets out to detail the deceptive practice of including stock characters in the editorial boards of journals run by predatory publishers. Stock characters are defined by the author as those that currently (2023) appear 20 or more times on these editorial boards. Predatory publishers are in turn defined by the author as open access publishers in violation of three or more out of eight egregiously ‘fatal’ criteria such as identity theft and token (or no) peer review. Stock characters (and stolen academic names and affiliations in general) are included in editorial boards to give them an unwarranted appearance of quality and excellence. Ninety‐six of these stock characters were identified, with their numbers of board memberships ranging from 20 to 503 in the current year (2023). Some were cases of total identity theft, some partial identity theft, and some willing compliance. Academics in the latter category could also have records of publications with the predatory publishers in question. Universities typically warn staff and postgraduate students about the dangers of engaging with predatory publishers, but they can be unresponsive or otherwise negative when alerted to instances of such engagements involving their staff.

Viešųjų bausmių taikymas vagims Vilniaus pilies teisme (XVIII amžiaus antrojoje pusėje)

The aim of this article is to discuss the practice of administering public punishments to thieves in the court of Vilnius Castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s (GDL) central voivodeship in the second half of the 18th century. The aim is to find out to what extent this practice complied with the laws that were in force in the state at that time and to what extent it reflected the humanisation postulates of criminal law that were spreading in the 18th century. The study is based on the court files of the Vilnius Castle Court stored in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. The Third Statute of Lithuania, approved in 1588, and its provisions regarding the crime of theft still remained in force in the second half of the 18th century. This legal code provided for death, mutilation and flogging for those convicted of theft. In the second half of the 18th century, 36 thieves (all men, one of whom, Kazimieras Jančiauskas, was punished twice) were sentenced to public punishment by the Vilnius Castle Court. The most frequent punishment (49%) was flogging (18 cases), in some cases with the additional punishments of banishment from the city (8 cases) and branding (2 cases). Ten thieves (27%) were sentenced to death, which, as is common in such cases, had to be carried out on the gallows. Nine thieves (24%) were sentenced to fixed-terms (3 to 10 years) or indeterminate (life) prison sentences, to be carried out outside the GDL in Kamjaneć-Podilśkyj. Thus, in cases of theft, the Vilnius Castle Court applied rather severe punishments, basically referring to the relevant norms of the Third Statute of Lithuania, and also, apparently, partly following the tradition of dealing with such cases (in cases where the punishment of flogging was imposed instead of the death penalty). An exception was the use of imprisonment, which was not provided for in the laws of the GDL, but in this case it was only episodic as it was applied in a single sentence in 1782 and originated from the regulation issued by the Permanent Council.Instead of corporal punishments (mostly the death sentence), the philosophers of the Englightenment era proposed the use of imprisonment which would allow to realise the newly defined concept of the repressional punishment – the resocialization of the offender, as well as to implement the principles of proportionality of punishment to the crime committed and the utility of punishment (by using the convicted person for labour). These principles were largely absent from the Vilnius Castle Court’s sentences in the theft cases (except in one case). It is indeed the case that the Court sometimes did make reference to the defendants’ possibility to reform themselves; however, it did not arise from the ideas of Enlightement. The main objectives of punishment still remained the restoration of justice and prevention of crime. As many as 23 out of the 36 convicts (64 per cent) were to be eliminated from society to varying degrees (10 were to lose their lives, 8 were to be banished, 5 were to be sentenced to life imprisonment); therefore it is not possible to talk about resocialisation in this case. The principle of proportionality of punishment was also apparently not implemented when in similar cases the convicted received a different number of lashes. All this can probably be explained by society’s attachment to its own law (in particular to the Third Lithuanian Statute) and to a judicial practice which got established throughout centuries.

GyroLock: A Gyroscopic implementation for privacy Protection

GyroLock is a smartphone application designed to prevent the snatching of cell phones. Given the significant role that mobile devices play in an increasingly digital environment, certain actions carried out in public settings can pose a high level of danger and have negative consequences. The gyro lock solution utilizes the gyroscope sensor in the phone to promptly secure the device when it detects abrupt, erratic, and disordered motions, similar to those associated with theft. The motion detection feature serves to prevent any unauthorized individual from physically extracting your personal and sensitive data from the program. The program is highly intuitive, allowing users to easily enable features or customize them according to their environment and personal preferences. GyroLock enhances device safety by allowing users to customize the sensitivity of motion detection and activate the service. Gyrolock will enhance client services by offering automated and immediate reactions to suspected cases of theft. This enhances the safety and reassurance of consumers while reducing the dangers linked to data theft and loss.

Functional Family Therapy to Address Teenage Behavior Problems in Theft Cases in LPKA Bandung

Problematic behavior in teenagers is still a serious focus throughout the world, including in Indonesia. Based on data from the Bandung Special Children's Empowerment Institute (LPKA), there was an increase in the number of prisoners from 2019 to 2021. The highest type of violation was theft. Until now, various interventions are still being sought to deal with this problem. One of them is the development of the Functional Family Therapy (FFT) intervention by Sexton and Alexander since 2002 in the United States. Apart from that, testing of the effectiveness of FFT is still being carried out. However, FFT has not been developed in Indonesia. This research aims to create an FFT design to reduce the frequency of problem behavior and the rate of repeated behavior (recidivism) among teenagers in Indonesia. The research and development method is used as a reference for preparing the design. The conclusion from this research is that the FFT program design has been evaluated and can be tested further to reduce the level of problem behavior and adolescent recidivism in LPKA Bandung. The implication is that FFT is a new intervention to handle cases of law violations by teenagers.Perilaku bermasalah pada remaja masih menjadi fokus serius di seluruh dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data dari Lembaga Pemberdayaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Bandung, terjadi peningkatan jumlah tahanan dari tahun 2019 hingga 2021. Jenis pelanggaran tertinggi ialah kasus pencurian. Sampai saat ini masih diupayakan berbagai intervensi untuk dapat menangani masalah tersebut. Salah satunya, pengembangan intervensi Functional Family Therapy (FFT) oleh Sexton dan Alexander sejak tahun 2002 di Amerika Serikat. Selain itu, pengujian efektivitas FFT masih terus dilakukan. Namun FFT belum dikembangkan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancangan FFT untuk menurunkan frekuensi perilaku bermasalah dan tingkat perilaku berulang (residivis) pada remaja di Indonesia. Metode research and development digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menyusun rancangan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini diperoleh rancangan program FFT yang telah dievaluasi dan dapat dilakukan uji coba selanjutnya untuk menurunkan tingkat perilaku bermasalah dan residivis remaja di LPKA Bandung. Implikasinya adalah FFT ini merupakan intervensi baru untuk menangani kasus pelanggaran hukum oleh remaja Di Indonesia.

Artificial Intelligence for Energy Theft Detection in Distribution Networks

The digitization of distribution power systems has revolutionized the way data are collected and analyzed. In this paper, the critical task of harnessing this information to identify irregularities and anomalies in electricity consumption is tackled. The focus is on detecting non-technical losses (NTLs) and energy theft within distribution networks. A comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed to uncover NTLs and energy theft is presented, leveraging measurements of electricity consumption. The most common scenarios and prevalent cases of anomalies and theft among consumers are identified. Additionally, statistical indicators tailored to specific anomalies are proposed. In this research paper, the practical implementation of numerous artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, including the artificial neural network (ANN), ANFIS, autoencoder neural network, and K-mean clustering, is highlighted. These algorithms play a central role in our research, and our primary objective is to showcase their effectiveness in identifying NTLs. Real-world data sourced directly from distribution networks are utilized. Additionally, we carefully assess how well statistical methods work and compare them to AI techniques by testing them with real data. The artificial neural network (ANN) accurately identifies various consumer types, exhibiting a frequency error of 7.62%. In contrast, the K-means algorithm shows a slightly higher frequency error of 9.26%, while the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) fails to detect the initial anomaly type, resulting in a frequency error of 11.11%. Our research suggests that AI can make finding irregularities in electricity consumption even more effective. This approach, especially when using data from smart meters, can help us discover problems and safeguard distribution networks.

Urgensi Penegakan Hukum terhadap Kasus Pencurian Sepeda Motor oleh Anak Muda di Kota Medan

Theft cases are the most common cases that are most disturbing to the public and detrimental to the parties involved. The law on theft no longer makes perpetrators of theft feel afraid of sanctions. Even though it is very clear that theft is classified as a criminal offense that will be punished according to the level of the theft case. The type of research carried out is empirical legal research, empirical legal research is a type of research that aims to look at the law as a whole and examine how the law functions in society. Empirical legal research methods can also be referred to as sociological legal research because the focus of this research is examining people in their social relationships. And the data collection techniques used were interview methods and literature studies. In the research, the data used is primary data in the form of statements from the Medan Police and the Medan District Court regarding motorbike theft. The results of the discussion were that each defendant was sentenced to prison for 4 (four) years. Causative factors include family or parental factors, environmental factors, economic need factors, and low education factors.