Case Of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Research Articles

Two Cases of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Purpose: We report two cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.Case summary: (Case 1) A 36-year-old man underwent ECMO treatment. Upon regaining consciousness, he complained of a darkened peripheral visual field and was subsequently referred to an ophthalmologist. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye. The intraocular pressure measured 12 mmHg in the right eye and 10 mmHg in the left eye; color vision was normal. A visual field test demonstrated concentric visual field defects in both eyes, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated a decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. (Case 2) A 48-year-old woman underwent ECMO treatment. After regaining consciousness, she reported decreased vision in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was limited to hand motion in the right eye and was 1.2 in the left eye. A relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye was observed. Color vision in the right eye was compromised, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. A visual field test demonstrated total visual field defect in the right eye, while OCT showed decreases in both the RNFL thickness and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity and abnormal enhancement in the right retrobulbar optic nerve.Conclusions: In cases where vision loss and visual field defects are observed following ECMO treatment, differential diagnoses for ischemic optic neuropathy are warranted.

Usefulness of orbital colour Doppler ultrasound in vascular-related monocular vision loss.

Acute, painless, monocular vision loss (APMVL) usually has a vascular aetiology. We conducted a prospective observational study from 2011 to 2018 to analyse the added value of colour Doppler imaging to assess orbital vessel blood flow in the diagnosis of APMVL. The study included 67 patients (39 [58.2%] men; mean age, 65.9 years [SD 13.7]) with APMVL evaluated at the Neurosonology Laboratory within the first 5 days of symptom onset, who were classified as having either transient or persistent monocular blindness. The blood flow in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries was assessed using colour Doppler ultrasound with a linear 7.5-MHz transducer. Thirty-three (49.3%) patients presented transient monocular blindness, with reduced blood flow in either the ophthalmic or central retinal artery. The group with persistent vision loss included 24 cases of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and 10 cases of ischaemic optic neuropathy (35.8% and 14.9%, respectively, of the total sample). These patients were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and mild carotid atherosclerosis. Orbital colour Doppler ultrasound (OCDUS) clarified the mechanism/cause of the ischaemia in 11 (16.4%) patients and showed abnormal flow in 46 (68.7%) patients, confirming the vascular origin in 19 (57.6%) of the transient monocular blindness cases. Lower peak systolic velocity was observed in patients with CRAO (p < 0.001), and a velocity < 10 cm/s in the central retinal artery was independently associated with the diagnosis of CRAO. OCDUS can be helpful in confirming the vascular cause and identifying the aetiology of APMVL.

Optic nerve decompression - role in preventing traumatic ischaemic optic neuropathy: case report

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Traumatic optic neuropathy is a complication that arises due to head injury, high velocity road traffic accidents causing maxillofacial trauma. Due to involvement of optic nerve which endangers vision, there is a race against to save the vision. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a useful procedure for optic nerve decompression. We report a case of ischaemic optic neuropathy following road traffic accident, who underwent endoscopic optic nerve decompression within 6 hours of injury.&lt;/p&gt;

Accuracy of machine learning for differentiation between optic neuropathies and pseudopapilledema

BackgroundThis study is to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning for differentiation between optic neuropathies, pseudopapilledema (PPE) and normals.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety-five images of optic neuropathies, 295 images of PPE, and 779 control images were used. Pseudopapilledema was defined as follows: cases with elevated optic nerve head and blurred disc margin, with normal visual acuity (> 0.8 Snellen visual acuity), visual field, color vision, and pupillary reflex. The optic neuropathy group included cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (177), optic neuritis (48), diabetic optic neuropathy (17), papilledema (22), and retinal disorders (31). We compared four machine learning classifiers (our model, GoogleNet Inception v3, 19-layer Very Deep Convolution Network from Visual Geometry group (VGG), and 50-layer Deep Residual Learning (ResNet)). Accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were analyzed.ResultsThe accuracy of machine learning classifiers ranged from 95.89 to 98.63% (our model: 95.89%, Inception V3: 96.45%, ResNet: 98.63%, and VGG: 96.80%). A high AUROC score was noted in both ResNet and VGG (0.999).ConclusionsMachine learning techniques can be combined with fundus photography as an effective approach to distinguish between PPE and elevated optic disc associated with optic neuropathies.

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Cardiac Surgery

Ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common form of perioperative visual loss, with highest incidence in cardiac and spinal fusion surgery. To date, potential risk factors have been identified in cardiac surgery by only small, single-institution studies. To determine the preoperative risk factors for ischemic optic neuropathy, the authors used the National Inpatient Sample, a database of inpatient discharges for nonfederal hospitals in the United States. Adults aged 18 yr or older admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve repair or replacement surgery, or left ventricular assist device insertion in National Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2013 were included. Risk of ischemic optic neuropathy was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. A total of 5,559,395 discharges met inclusion criteria with 794 (0.014%) cases of ischemic optic neuropathy. The average yearly incidence was 1.43 of 10,000 cardiac procedures, with no change during the study period (P = 0.57). Conditions increasing risk were carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio, 2.70), stroke (odds ratio, 3.43), diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio, 3.83), hypertensive retinopathy (odds ratio, 30.09), macular degeneration (odds ratio, 4.50), glaucoma (odds ratio, 2.68), and cataract (odds ratio, 5.62). Female sex (odds ratio, 0.59) and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus type 2 (odds ratio, 0.51) decreased risk. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy in cardiac surgery did not change during the study period. Development of ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiac surgery is associated with carotid artery stenosis, stroke, and degenerative eye conditions.

Cases of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated With Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Use Reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Cases of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated With Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Use Reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Peri-operative visual loss following total knee arthroplasty – A case report: Visual loss following TKA

Perioperative visual loss (POVL) following non-ocular surgery is a rare but significant complication. This report describes a case of ischaemic optic neuropathy following total knee arthroplasty which resulted in permanent blindness.

Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to severe ocular hypertension masked by interface fluid in a post-LASIK eye

We report a case of ischemic optic neuropathy arising from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) masked by interface fluid in a post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eye. A 51-year-old man, who had had LASIK 6 years prior to presentation, sustained blunt trauma to the left eye that resulted in a hyphema and ocular hypertension. Elevated IOP resulted in accumulation of fluid in the stromal bed-LASIK flap interface, leading to underestimation of IOP when measured centrally over the flap. After days of unrecognized ocular hypertension, ischemic optic neuropathy developed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ischemic optic neuropathy resulting from underestimated IOP measurements in a post-LASIK patient. It highlights the inaccuracy of IOP measurements in post-LASIK eyes and a vision-threatening potential complication. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

A diagnostic challenge: chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and recurrent anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

We report the first case of ischaemic optic neuropathy (ION) linked to chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) and its associated vasculitis. We discuss the link between CMML and vasculitis and the evidence suggesting it can cause anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy through a vasculitic process. We highlight the difficulty and delay in diagnosis as the use of steroids masked an underlying systemic process. Recurrent ION and raised inflammatory markers should raise suspicion of vasculitis. Together with an elevated monocyte but low platelet count, CMML should be considered.

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Implications for Plastic Surgeons

Postoperative visual loss is a rare and devastating complication after nonocular as well as ocular surgery. A case of such a complication arising as a consequence of nonocular surgery prompted a review of the literature, and an appraisal of current theories on etiology, risk factors, and potential treatment options, as well as implications for informed consent. It is clear from our review that all patients undergoing both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery are at risk. A literature review was performed to identify all cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (both anterior and posterior subtypes) subsequent to any type of plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery procedures. An analysis of current knowledge regarding risk factors, etiology, prevention, and treatment options was undertaken. A total of 38 patients aged between 16 and 76 years affected by ischemic optic neuropathy were identified, many as a consequence of routine and sometimes minor operative procedures. Ischemic optic neuropathy can be a devastating complication of surgery. Plastic surgeons need to be aware of the risks, as well as the signs and symptoms, and counsel at-risk patients accordingly because of the potentially devastating nature of this complication. There are significant implications in relation to informed consent, underscored by the legal case of Rogers v Whitaker, 67 ALJR 47 (Aust 1992), which highlights the importance within the consent process of complications threatening sight, no matter how small.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in moyamoya disease: a first case report

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in moyamoya disease are usually the result of cerebrovascular involvement of the visual pathways. We report a case of ischemic optic neuropathy due to ocular hypoperfusion as a result of moyamoya disease, despite a prior internal to external carotid artery bypass with normal hemisphere perfusion. The blood supply of the optic nerve, a proposed pathogenesis of an anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and complications of the ocular ischemic syndrome are discussed.

Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated With Rickettsia Conorii Infection

A 43-year-old man with fever, headache, and skin rash developed unilateral acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The indirect immunofluorescence test was positive for Rickettsia conorii. Although retinal lesions have been described in Rickettsia conorii infection, this is the first reported case of ischemic optic neuropathy. This infection should be considered in a patient with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with high fever or skin rash who inhabits or travels from an endemic area.

Ischemic optic neuropathy after hemorrhage from a cornual ectopic gestation

A case of ischemic optic neuropathy resulting from uterine hemorrhage is reported in which a 37-year-old white woman, gravida 1, para 0, was diagnosed at 8 weeks' gestation with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. After diagnostic laparoscopy the patient underwent a minilaparotomy, cornual wedge resection, and right salpingectomy with a total estimated blood loss of 3000 ml. Her postoperative course was uneventful until postoperative day 4, when the patient complained of vision loss for the last 1 to 2 days, total body edema, and headache. Ophthalmologic examination revealed findings consistent with ischemic optic neuropathy. Multiple studies of the cerebrospinal fluid were negative, as were computed tomography studies and magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Ischemic optic neuropathy, whose pathogenesis is still unclear, is a rare complication of massive hemorrhage and may cause permanent vision loss.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1550-2.)

Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with migraine.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a well-recognized clinical syndrome that has been described in patients after an episode of migraine with visual aura (classic migraine) and, less commonly, after an episode of visual aura without headache (acephalgic migraine). Little emphasis, however, has been placed on migraine-associated retrobulbar or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. We report two cases of visual loss presumed to be due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy that occurred in the setting of otherwise typical migraine episodes. We review the English language literature on ischemic optic neuropathy associated with migraine. Although most cases of ischemic optic neuropathy associated with migraine are of the anterior variety, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with acute loss of vision and evidence for a retrobulbar optic neuropathy, during or after an attack of migraine headache or following an otherwise typical episode of visual aura without headache (acephalgic migraine).

Postoperative Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Postoperative Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation

The visual, refractive, and surgical results with 190 consecutive secondary implantations of an anterior chamber intraocular lens were studied. Best-corrected postoperative visual acuity was either better than or within 1 Snellen line of best-corrected preoperative vision in 87% of the cases. Vision worsened by more than two Snellen lines in ten cases (5%), which included three cases of retinal detachment and one case of ischemic optic neuropathy; however, in only one case (0.5%) did we feel that the visual decrease was directly attributable to the secondary implantation procedure. We believe that secondary intraocular lens implantation can improve functional visual acuity in aphakic patients, especially those unable to tolerate aphakic correction with contact lenses or spectacles.