Case Of Cyclopia Research Articles

The importance of wild pollinators for indigenous crop pollination: The case of Cyclopia (honeybush)

Pollination is an important ecosystem service. Animal-mediated pollination (mostly insects) increases the production of 35% of global crops. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are considered important crop pollinators globally, but are under pressure and therefore the value of wild pollinators for crop production is receiving more attention. The importance of pollinators (including non-Apis) has been extensively studied in the agricultural sector of South Africa, however little research is available on the pollination of indigenous crops. With the considerable value of the indigenous honeybush (Cyclopia Vent.) in the tea industry, it is important to determine the pollinators since Cyclopia is widespread across the fynbos biome and the pollinators are largely unknown. Here we ask whether carpenter bees (xylocopid bees) are the only pollinators of commercially important Cyclopia species, or if honey bees contribute to pollination. Floral observations and camera trapping confirmed that six species of xylocopid bees were the only pollinators of four commercially important Cyclopia species. Honey bees were observed to be ineffective pollinators of Cyclopia owing to their inability to trip Cyclopia flowers and gain access to the floral reproductive parts. Similarly, an additional seven species including Diptera, Apidae and Lema sp. were unable to gain access to Cyclopia flowers, although were observed visiting. Nectar measurements revealed the highest nectar volume in C. genistoides, while C. intermedia had the highest nectar sugar concentration (above 35% for all species). The value of native non-Apis insects for crop pollination in a changing world is highlighted in Cyclopia, an indigenous legume gaining traction in the global tea market and therefore in cultivation.

An osteological assessment of cyclopia by micro-CT scanning.

Imaging modalities such as micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction are providing a mechanism for detailed analysis of skeletal components not only of normal specimens but also through revisitation of the abnormal. The aim of this study was to analyse the craniofacial skeleton of five human fetuses with cyclopia by means of micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction. The study consisted of five cyclopean individuals from the paediatric collection of the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand. The specimens ranged in age from 22 to 42weeks of gestation. The osteological features of each bone of the skull were analysed with the aid of micro-CT scanning and analysis using VG studiomax software. A detailed analysis of all the bones of the skull revealed that the upper two-thirds of the viscerocranium and the anterior region of the basicranium were the most affected regions of the cyclopean fetuses. The ethmoid, nasal, inferior concha and the lacrimal bones were absent in all the cases of cyclopia. Major abnormalities were found in the premaxillary region which affected the development of the anterior dentition. This study supports the suggestion that the malformations of the visceral bones are secondary to defective development of the presphenoid and mesethmoid cartilages. The ethmoidal bones are important midline struts during normal development and their absence in cyclopia leads to non-laterality of facial features.

Cyclopia: a rare form of facial expression in a reference health center in Bamako about a case

Cyclopia also called "cyclopia" is a rare genetic malformation. It is the most severe form of alobaric holoprosencephaly. It is a rare form of hypotelorism characterized by the fusion of the two orbits and the presence of a single eye in the middle of the forehead hence its name. This malformation is associated with other facial malformations. Cyclopia is related to the absence of development of the frontal bud returning within the scope of ectroprosopia. ormation, face. We report a case of cyclopia in a newborn female born from a pregnancy estimated at term. The delivery was dystocic and the mother did not attend any prenatal consultations. The interrogation does not find any bond of consanguinity of the parents of the newborn. Absence of malformation in the siblings which is composed of four hildrens. At birth, the newborn weighed 4600 grams with a height of 58 cm. The examination of the newborn revealed a malformation of the face with a large single eye in the middle of the forehead and a total absence of the nose and orbits evoking the diagnosis of a cyclopia. The newborn died about ten minutes after his birth. He stayed alive just a few minutes No further exploration for etiological purposes could be carried out because of the parents' refusal.

Cyclopia: isolated and with agnathia–otocephaly complex

Cyclopia is a rare form of lethal holoprosencephaly (HPE) due to incomplete cleavage of prosencephalon during embryogenesis, leading to failure of the orbits of the eye to divide into two...

Clinical epidemiologic study of holoprosencephaly in South America

ECLAMC: Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations examined 4,157,224 births (1967-2000), detecting 370 newborns with suspected holoprosencephaly (HPE): 182 (49.2%) had only craniofacial defects; 99 (26.8%) had defects in other systems; (15.1%) had chromosomal anomalies; 5 (1.4%) had recognized syndromes; and 28 (7.6%) had isolated median cleft lip. The latter group was excluded from subsequent analyses because of epidemiological differences from the other groups. The birth prevalence rate (BPR) of isolated HPE was homogeneous among the 11 sampled countries, increasing from 0.5/10,000 births to 1/10,000 births between 1967 and 2000, suggesting improved ascertainment, mainly after 1996. Microtia, cleft lip/palate, and microstomia were preferentially associated with HPE, but cleft palate only was not. Maternal diabetes was more prevalent in HPE than in controls when adding the isolated and associated groups (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 0.9-16.2). Maternal flu was more prevalent in isolated HPE (OR: 3.6; 0.9-16.6) and in isolated plus associated HPE (OR: 2.8; 1.0-7.9) than in controls. A second series of better documented HPE cases, 179 in number (2.2/10,000), ascertained from 827,968 births occurring from 2000 to 2003, was used for phenotypic definition of cerebral and facial anomalies. In 83 of 174 HPE cases with specified cerebral defects, 40% were alobar, 43% were semilobar, and 17% were lobar. All cases of cyclopia, ethmocephaly, and cebocephaly were of the alobar or semilobar types. Female excess occurred in the total sample, but not within the subgroups themselves because of their small sample sizes. Neither alobar HPE nor cyclopia was associated with female predilection. Among the 174 HPE cases, 39% had neither oral clefting nor a severe dysmorphic face. Of facial phenotypes, 26% had cyclopia, ethmocephaly, or cebocephaly; 25% had premaxillary agenesis; and 10% had cleft lip and palate or cleft palate only. Cyclopia was not associated with oral clefts; 6 of 8 cases of ethmocephaly had cleft palate; 6 of 20 cases of cebocephaly had oral clefts; 4 of 20 cases had premaxillary agenesis; and 2 of 20 cases had cleft palate.

Case of cyclopia with an unbalanced karyotype attributable to a balanced 3/7 translocation.

This report presents a case of cyclopia attributable to an unbalanced karyotype in a family with a balanced, reciprocal 3/7 translocation. This case was the fifth recorded in three generations of this family. From this report it is possible that the simultaneous action of partial trisomy 3p and partial monosomy 7q may be one cause of holoprosencephaly.

Scalation and Skull Morphology of a Cyclopian Natrix maura

The first case of cyclopia in a snake is described. Despite the grossly changed morphology, most bony elements in the skull, and the head scales, can be identified, and there is a correlation between scalation and bone position. Malformation is not restricted to elements of common ontogenetic origin but is mainly positional. Alcian blue did not stain the cartilage; the tissue could be abnormal. The ventral union of the eyes most probably started in a very early ontogenetic stage, where it hindered forward growth of the trabeculae cranii, which in turn led to fusion in the nasal region. Cyclopia is an anomaly characterized by the presence of a single median eye situ- ated under the nose. It represents one stage in a hypothetical continuum of malfor- mation, starting with the normal condi- tion, through a stage in which the eyes tend to meet under the nose, to a fusion of the eyes in cyclopia perfecta and ending in a complete absence of the eyes. In cy- clopia as presented here the nose is still present and such a condition often leads to proboscis formation. An excellent dis- cussion of the subject (in man) and an an- atomical subdivision of abnormality com- plexes including cyclopian stages is found in DeMyer (in Bergsma, 1975). Cyclopia in reptiles is seldom mentioned (Bellairs, 1965) and apparently has not been reported in snakes, except perhaps by Lau- noy (1902). Launoy's description of a cy- clopian viper is ambiguous. Probably the bourgeon ovoide represents the eye, covered by skin (recouvert par le tegu- ment sans solution de continuite) and the eperon of 4 mm length, situated above the eye, is the proboscis-like nose. Launoy did not describe scalation of the head. The pathological condition described by Be- nick (1933) in Natrix natrix is not a true cy- clopia because the specimen had two eyes, separate though touching medio-frontally. It is another type of malformation (the complex of arhinencephaly) which in- volves the shortening of the upper jaw and

A case of cyclopia in the chick embryo

A case of cyclopia in the chick embryo

Cyclopia with trisomy D

A case of cyclopia with trisomy D is reported. The mother was treated with chorionic gonadotropin in the first trimester of pregnancy. Microcephaly and omphalocele were diagnosed by ultrasound. Fetal activity was recorded pre- and postglucose administration.

Congenital malformations in the sheep: cyclocephalus

A case of cyclopia in the sheep is described with anatomic malformations associated. We suggest the possible causes of the congenital defects.

Cyclopia associated with triploidy and hydatidiform mole: a case report.

A live 22-week-old cyclops fetus with a 69 XYY chromosome pattern and partial hydatidiform mole of the placenta is reported. Although cyclopia and chromosomal triploidy have certain features in common they appear to be two quite distinct entities. As no other 69 XYY fetus has survived to 22 weeks gestation and no other case of cyclopia has been reported with a triploid set of chromosomes, the assumption that the two conditions occurred coincidently in this fetus will have to await the accumulation of additional case reports.

A case of cyclopia with D trisomy

A case of cyclopia with D trisomy

A case of cyclopia

Trisomy D was found in an infant with the typical cerebral malformations of cyclopia and, in addition, multiple extracerebral congenital defects. The mother of this infant had received medroxyprogesterone by injection for three years prior to conception. It is most probable that the association of these events is coincidental. However, this case is being reported in view of the paucity of information concerning term pregnancies from women who conceived shortly after discontinuing oral or injectable contraceptives. The role of chromosomal abnormalities in the etiology of cyclopia and other holoprosencephalies is also discussed.

Three Cases of Cyclopia

Three Cases of Cyclopia

A case of cyclopia

A case of cyclopia

Cyclops synotus (合耳症を伴なった単眼体) を示す牛胎子1例の剖検所見

Cyclops synotus (合耳症を伴なった単眼体) を示す牛胎子1例の剖検所見

Two cases of cyclopia among three hundred early human embryos

Two cases of cyclopia among three hundred early human embryos

A Case of Cyclopia in the Foal

A Case of Cyclopia in the Foal

A case of cyclopia in homo

A case of cyclopia in homo