Cases Of Acute Toxoplasmosis Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ АКТИВНОСТИ ТОКСОПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ИНВАЗИИ У ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО И СТАРЧЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА

Introduction. Persons of the older age group, due to weakened immunity, are at risk for toxoplasmosis: with age, the level of seropositivity and the risk of reactivation of infection in people with chronic infection increases. But in clinical and epidemiological terms, this group has not been sufficiently studied. Purpose of the study. Determination of the level of seropositivity and the degree of activity of toxoplasma invasion in persons of the older age category without pathology, as well as in combination with psychoneurological symptoms or transplantation of solid organs. Materials and methods. The ELISA method was used to determine various classes of antibodies to T. gondii in the blood sera of 614 people aged 60 to 93 years (conditionally healthy individuals, patients with neuropsychiatric pathology, with cognitive decline, after organ transplantation). Results. IgG antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 51,5 % of the examined people. There was a trend of increasing infection from the age of 60-64 years to 75-79 years. Very few cases of acute toxoplasmosis have been identified; more significant was the detection of IgA antibodies, a reactivation marker, in 10,1 % of the examined antibodies. The largest number of individuals with IgA was observed in patients after transplantation, with neuropsychiatric pathology and cognitive decline. Discussion. Since toxoplasmosis is a latent infection of the brain and its association with a number of mental and neurodegenerative diseases has been proven, the high T. gondii infection in elderly people and the presence of reactivation markers in them suggests systematic monitoring of invasion, especially when combined with CNS pathology and reduced immunity. People aged "60+" with a certain clinical history are at risk in the presence of a parasite in the body. Conclusion. Finding an association between toxoplasmosis and psychiatric disorders in immunocompetent individuals is the basis for further monitoring of such associations with a view to their prevention and treatment. Key words: toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, psycho-neurological diseases, elderly people, detection of antibodies.

Acute toxoplasmosis mimicking metastatic lymphadenopathy of sarcoma

Abstract Introduction: Clear cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with the potential to metastasize to lymph nodes. We report herein a case of acute toxoplasmosis that mimicked metastatic lymphadenopathy from treated clear cell sarcoma on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts. Acute acquired toxoplasmosis clinically manifests as lymphadenopathy predominantly involving the cervical nodes. Patient concerns: A 45-year-old woman underwent resection of subcutaneous clear cell sarcoma of the right knee. PET/CT performed four years after surgery revealed multiple sites of lymphadenopathy with avid FDG uptake in the right neck, left axilla, left pulmonary hilum, and right inguinal regions. The patient was afebrile and asymptomatic. Metastases were suspected and excisional biopsy of a left axillary node was performed. Diagnoses: Histopathological examination revealed reactive lymphadenitis, suggesting toxoplasmic infection without evidence of malignancy. Serum levels of toxoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies were high. Serum IgG antibodies were significantly elevated in six weeks from the PET/CT examination. The patient had a cat at home, which could have represented the source of infection. Interventions: The patient was carefully monitored using regular imaging examinations. Outcomes: FDG accumulations resolved spontaneously on follow-up examination one year later. Conclusion: We report a case in which toxoplasmic lymphadenitis mimicked malignant lymphadenopathy. Lymphadenopathy at a distant site from the primary malignancy with FDG avidity may be due to infectious or inflammatory conditions, creating false-positive results.

Serological Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis and Related Risk Factors Among HIV+/AIDS Patients in Northern Iran.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause severe sequelae and even death in immunodeficient patients. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV+/AIDS patients of the study area. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 121 registered HIV+/AIDS patients of behavioral diseases consultation center (BDCC) in Guilan province, north of Iran. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were measured by ELISA technique in the serum samples. IgG avidity was measured for IgG- plus IgM-positive cases. Also, the relationship between T. gondii infection and related demographic and clinical characteristics were investigated. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 60.3 and 4.9% of patients, respectively. One case of acute toxoplasmosis (0.83%) was detected using an IgG avidity test. A significant correlation was observed between toxoplasmosis with age and marital status in these patients. The mean CD4+count of HIV+/AIDS patients was 549 ± 27cells/µl. Viral load in 69.7% of the HIV patients was less than1000copies/ml. None of the T. gondii IgM-positive HIV patients received anti-Toxoplasma prophylaxis. This finding highlights the importance of T. gondii infection surveillance in HIV patients. Regarding the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the study population, educational efforts are recommended to prevent reactivation or acquiring primary infection and developing severe cases of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised HIV+/AIDS patients.

EP22.21: Magnetic resonance in fetal cerebral lesions

To report the outcome in a series of cases of fetal cerebral lesions where FMRI changed the perinatal management. Retrospective study that covered a period of 4 years, from 2012 to 2016. During this period of time we detected 9 cases with fetal cerebral lesions which underwent Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI). We found four cases of fetal cerebral hemorrhage, one of them within a fetal intracranial tumour, two cases of thrombosis of the torcular Herofili, one case of Galeno AV malformation, one case of acute toxoplasmosis and one with ventriculomegaly. Gradient-echo T2-weighted images (T2*) and T1 images where accurate in the detection of chronic hemorrhagic lesions. We demonstrate the value of FMRI of a highly targeted examination in a very selected population of fetuses.

Parasitic diseases of the heart II: Toxoplasmosis and other protozoan and helminthic diseases

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplusma gondii is an apicomplexan obligate intracellular parasite with worldwide distribution, capable of causing several syndromes. It is one of the most common protozoan infections of man, In the United States the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in adults varies from 20% to 70% depending on geographic area. Although most cases of acute toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic, a small number of acute infections result in clinically evident disseminated disease involving multiple organs (1). If a pregnant women is infected for the first time with T. gondii during her pregnancy, her child may acquire congenital toxoplasmosis (2). Iatrogenie immunosuppression associated with chemotherapy and transplantation has resulted in reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis with the development of clinical disease (3). With the advent of the HIV epidemic, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of patients with Toxoplasma encephalitis that may also be associated with dissemination to other organs (4,s). T. gondii has three morphologic forms: tachyzoite, bradyzoite (tissue cyst), and the oocyst. The definitive hosts for T. go&i are members of the cat family (6). Gametogony occurs only in the small intestines of cats resulting in the production of infectious oocysts. Humans and other animals become infected by ingesting oocysts contaminating food or

19S and 7S anti-toxoplasma antibodies in diagnosis of acute congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis.

SummaryAn attempt was made to determine if macroglobulin (19S) anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are produced during the acute stage of infection and, if so, if their demonstration is of diagnostic significance. Sera were obtained from established cases of acute congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis and separated by gradient ultracentrifugation or gel filtration. Serologic examination of the fractions obtained by these methods revealed that 19S anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are formed in both acute congenital and acquired infection with Toxoplasma. Only 7S antibodies were demonstrated in infants born of mothers with chronic toxoplasmosis and in adults with longstanding infection with this organism. The demonstration of such macroglobulin antibodies in suspect cases of acute toxoplasmosis appears to be a useful adjunct to the presently available serologic tests.ADDENDUM. Since submitting this manuscript, sera have been obtained from 5 additional cases of acute congenital toxoplasmosis; 19S as well as 7S antibodies w...