Case Material Research Articles

A terrorist mindset: findings from an empirical enquiry into prosecutions, evidence, and mindset material

Abstract This paper explores the use of mindset material in terrorism cases. Mindset material is a broad category of evidence, including social media activity and internet search histories, relied on to infer or imply that the accused is affiliated or aligned with terrorists. Although mindset material plays a central role throughout the justice process in terrorism cases, no work to date has explored and discussed its use in depth. In this paper I draw on doctrinal and empirical findings, including interviews, to examine how and why it has come to play such a central role in terror cases. While mindset material is a well-intentioned tool used to selectively enforce broadly drafted and vaguely defined terrorism offences, it is also a blunt tool, and sees great emphasis placed on the accused's inferred status as terrorist (or not). In this paper I explore and problematise the use of mindset material and the inferences drawn from it, specifically in relation to to fantasists, the merely curious, and young autistic defendants. I posit that mindset material is symptomatic of a need to revisit the substantive law and to rethink the proper role of the criminal law in preventing terrorism.

Zirconia in fixed prosthodontics: a review ofthe literature.

The purpose of this narrative review is to organize information and knowledge about the properties of the clinical evidence of zirconia-applied dental restorations and to provide relevant information to establish application methods to obtain long-term clinical prognosis of zirconia-applied dental prostheses. From PubMed and manual searches, found "zirconia," "crown," "survival," and "success" keywords were searched. Case reports, case series, reviews, abstracts, in vitro studies, and observational studies were excluded. Additionally, implant superstructures not supported by the periodontal ligament and partially covered crowns were excluded. A total of 42 studies were identified. According to the studies in this review, the most common complication of porcelain-layered zirconia restorations is porcelain fracture, but the long-term prognosis is stable. However, complications of monolithic zirconia restorations include crown fractures and fractures of the abutment tooth and root, and long-term clinical evidence is not available yet. Additionally, bruxism can be a complication factor with both types of restorations, so it is important to carefully examine the oral habits, including bruxism, before treatment. Therefore, the success of zirconia-based restorations in clinical practice requires a careful approach in addition to accurate knowledge of the zirconia material and identification of applicable cases.

EVALUATION OF PROBLEMS ARISING IN EMERGENCY SERVICES FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICAL and CRIMINAL LAW: THE EXAMPLE OF “TÜRKİYE"

IntroductionIn recent years, the field of medical malpractice has attracted growing attention, and despite the long history of research in this area, there are still unexplored aspects of this phenomenon. In this article, we aimed to explore the realm of medical malpractice, focusing on cases involving healthcare professionals in emergency services in Türkiye. It examines the surge in medical malpractice lawsuits, the consequences of such cases, and the prevalence of criminal liability faced by healthcare professionals. Material and methodA comprehensive analysis of healthcare-related cases from 2017 to 2022 was carried out using the electronic decision database known as "LEGALBANK". We scrutinized these cases from both medical and criminal law perspectives, aiming to shed light on the complex dynamics of medical malpractice in emergency services. ResultsThe findings reveal that professionals in emergency services are confronted with a notable number of criminal cases. Among these cases, doctors are the most frequently implicated, followed by nurses, midwives, ambulance drivers, and other healthcare professionals. Crimes attributed to these professionals vary but primarily include involuntary manslaughter, misuse of public duty, forgery of documents, and reckless injury. DiscussionIn Türkiye, there is a notable prevalence of examinations conducted in emergency services and criminal cases involving healthcare professionals in this field. This dual prominence underscores the unique significance of examining medical malpractice from both criminal law and medical perspectives within the Turkish context. This study categorizes the multifaceted challenges of medical malpractice as personal, system-related, and legal, offering valuable insights into the intricate landscape of this phenomenon in Türkiye's emergency services. ConclusionThis research contributes to a deeper understanding of medical malpractice, particularly its criminal dimensions in the Turkish context, and calls for improved healthcare, enhanced patient safety, and error prevention in emergency settings.

Evaluation of localized mechanical properties of modified N50 welded joints at cryogenic temperature through a digital image correlation technique

The modified N50 austenitic stainless steel has been determined to be applied as the superconducting magnet supporting material of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), especially the jacket material of the CICCs of both the TF coils and the CS coils and the case material of the TF coils, which inevitably requires welding connection. The welding process generally results in welding defects as well as degradation of cryogenic mechanical properties of metallurgical inhomogeneous zones. However, limited research has been reported to demonstrate the distinct localized performance of these zones at cryogenic temperature. The present paper presents an approach to characterize localized mechanical properties of the modified N50 welds at both room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature (6 K). We identified the welding zone (WZ) through metallographic analysis and then the boundaries of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were recognized by hardness measurements at room temperature. Finally, the localized optical digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to obtain the localized yield strength Rp0.2 and percentage extension e of the WZ, the HAZ, and the base metal (BM) at both room and cryogenic temperature, of which the observed trend is verified through comparison with that of hardness measurements at room temperature. The technique proposed provides the localized measurement of cryogenic tensile properties of weld metals and also presents experimental data on different zones of the modified N50 welded joints as a jacket material for the next-generation fusion reactors.

Utopianism in state–society interaction: reflections on the transdisciplinary intervention ‘Places of Hope’

ABSTRACT Awareness is growing that current climate policy approaches for citizen and policymaker interaction are inadequate. ‘Public participation’ is often found to be hampered by narrow technical and functional terms under which engagement occurs. This paper explores an alternative, ‘utopian’ approach of state–society interaction, which seeks to engage both citizens and policymakers in an exploration of sustainable futures. We discuss a Dutch example of such an intervention: the exhibition ‘Places of Hope’, with which all three authors were closely involved. Places of Hope was designed to give participants ‘appetite for the future’. By iterating between utopian theory and our empirical case material, we explore three categories of ‘situations’ through which the utopian repertoire engaged the audience and mobilized alternative ways of futuring: (1) Reconnecting with the future as a collective object of care, (2) Experiencing the future as a space of possibility, (3) Sensing the emotive power and distinct temporalities of nature. We discuss how these dimensions illuminate both the promises and risks of utopian approaches to state–society interactions. The case also reveals that utopian experimentalism can surface and help navigate the contestations that are inherent to the politics of sustainable futures.

Measuring the purity of organic chemicals: general approaches and development of an appropriate procedure for research of pure organic chemicals

Pure materials are in demand in many sectors of the national economy, including the metrological service. High purity organic material is the ultimate source of metrological traceability in organic analysis to the basic units of the International System of Units (SI). This article presents the general approaches to determining the mass fraction of the main component in pure organic chemicals, which provide a traceable connection between the certified value of substance purity and the basic SI units - mass (kilogram) and amount of substance (mole), the features of using direct and indirect measurement approaches are considered, specific analytical methods that can be used for this purpose are discussed. Determining the purity of an organic material in most cases is not a plain analytical and metrological task. Solving this issue requires the relevant instrumental methods and appropriate measurement procedure, which is able to provide a comprehensive study of organic matter and guarantee the necessary accuracy of the certified value. Taking in consideration the vast diversity of organic chemicals, the determination of the purity of organic substances will never be a standardized procedure.

Facing death: Working with a couple facing multiple systems atrophy

The end of life raises anxieties in clients, their partners and carers, and their therapists; paranoid‐schizoid and depressive mechanisms are brought into play to manage these anxieties. Case material illustrates some of the threats facing couples where one has a terminal diagnosis. A psychodynamic counsellor or psychotherapist may be able to help carer partners to face, own, and tolerate their conflicts and dilemmas in such a way that the sense of support from a good object is strengthened. In this way, a carer partner can be helped to continue to care, both for their partner and themselves.

The tragedy of Molėtai jews and issues of fraudulent records filed at court

One of the largest sets of documents preserved at Lithuanian archives reflecting the history of our country during the first Soviet occupation (1940–1941) and after World War II is the Fund of Criminal Cases. The Fund was compiled by the Committee for State Security (KGB – Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) and at present is stored at Lithuanian Special Archives. In Soviet times, this collection of records was not accessible to both professional historians and the general public. The set contains numerous documents marked Top Secret. It has been always believed that forgery of such type documents is unlikely. Historians investigating the stalinist era of the history of the Soviet Union have no doubts regarding fraudulent lawsuits filed against ideological opponents or any people, by whom the regime was dissatisfied. Falsification used to be a tool to deal with an enemy. At first sight, many would think that such a case in Lithuania must be different, as the fight against Soviet authorities used to be real in our country (in particular, during post-war period); unlike the events that took place in the fourth decade of the 20th century in Russia, for example. This article contains material, proving that KGB was not interested in collecting evidence as accurate as possible. The persons invited by the KGB to present evidence did not provide exact data, while the KGB just wanted to send to prison unwanted persons for a longer time. The author has justified this fact on the basis of interrogation material of a platoon of Lithuanian rebels that was operating in 1941 in Utena county Molėtai town. The rebels contributed markedly to Jews killing by shooting to death. Moreover, the material examined by the author demonstrates systemic unruliness of that time courts, when the accused were not permitted to be provided with services of lawyers, their dissatisfaction with a trial could only be expressed through cassation complaints. All this encumbers the general assessment of such cases as well as recovery of historical facts, among them those related to the Holocaust. When examining the lawsuits filed by the KGB, the application of the comparative method should prevail in terms of number of cases being examined: material of several cases should be collated and only then conclusions drawn.

COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 transitions: case study on the Lao PDR

PurposeThe purpose of this review paper is to investigate the consequences of tourism development and economic growth within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, focusing specifically on Lao PDR post-pandemic. The adverse effect of COVID-19 on tourism and economic sectors has been pervasive across the ASEAN region, with varying degrees of impact. Some of these difficulties are set to continue, though there are positive signs of recovery and of the resilience of the tourism industry. Utilising case material from Lao PDR in Southeast Asia – an area frequently neglected in tourism studies – the paper sheds light on the post-pandemic landscape to address existing gaps in the current literature.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was taken in this review paper, utilising secondary data such as media reports, official reports from Tourism Laos and international governing bodies like United Nations and the World Bank to form a viewpoint discussion in the Lao PDR post-pandemic condition.FindingsThis paper reveals that contrary to a long period of recovery post-pandemic, there has been a degree of continuity from the pre-pandemic period. Considerable numbers of backpackers have returned to Vang Vieng, along with Vientiane and Luang Prabang. While the pre-pandemic emphasis on mass tourism persists, there is also an increased focus on regional and domestic markets. Laos, with its strategic location and cross-border connections, aims to take advantage of this shift.Originality/valueThe paper highlights a detailed exploration of the Lao tourism industry post-pandemic. It goes beyond the initial expectations in literature of a complete transformation post-pandemic, highlighting the continuity in visitor sources and traditional tourist attractions. It emphasises the Lao PDR strategic position for market reorientation, providing insight into the nation’s adaptive strategies and a nuanced perspective on the evolving landscape of Lao tourism.

Exploration of Strategies for Applying Life Based Teaching in High School Political Courses

Since the promulgation and implementation of the "General High School Ideological and Political Curriculum Standards" (2017 edition, revised in 2020) (hereinafter referred to as the "Curriculum Standards"), the combination of education and life has become one of the requirements of the curriculum standards. Life oriented teaching has been increasingly valued, promoting the concept of teaching from life to life, which is conducive to students mastering real ideological and political knowledge and establishing the concept of applying what they have learned. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to use life oriented teaching in high school politics classes. Exploring life oriented teaching strategies for high school political courses can start from four aspects: updating teachers' educational concepts, using life oriented case materials, creating activity-based classrooms with a life oriented atmosphere, and pursuing life oriented teaching evaluations. This will promote students' comprehensive development and individual socialization, and strengthen their correct understanding of the importance of high school political courses.

AI-Driven Model for Contract Law Cases

Abstract: The subjective nature of human analysis results in inconsistent decision-making, which seriously jeopardizes the accuracy and fairness of the verdicts in contract disputes. Legal practitioners confront the difficult task of organizing and evaluating numerous precedent/statutes case materials promptly as the amount of contracts keeps increasing. This time constraint not only makes it more difficult to resolve contract issues on time but also makes the legal system more complicated and unclear. There has never been a greater need for contract litigation to undergo an extensive change. The researcher proposed two complementary methods for retrieving legal documents: BM25 and an aggregated Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

Study of Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Time on Corrosion Behavior and Manufacturing Processes of Super Duplex Stainless SAF 2507 for Advanced Li-Ion Battery Cases.

Lithium-ion batteries are superior energy storage devices that are widely utilized in various fields, from electric cars to small portable electric devices. However, their susceptibility to thermal runaway necessitates improvements in battery case materials to improve their safety. This study used electrochemical analyses, including open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, and critical pitting temperature (CPT) analyses, to investigate the corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel (SAF 2507) applied to battery cases in relation to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) time. The microstructure during the manufacture, laser welding, and PWHT was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction, and the chemical composition was analyzed using dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron probe micro-analysis. The PWHT increased the volume fraction of austenite from 5% to 50% over 3 min at 1200 °C; this increased the OCP from -0.21 V to +0.03 V, and increased the CPT from 56 °C to 73 °C. The PWHT effectively improved the corrosion resistance, laying the groundwork for utilizing SAF 2507 in battery case materials. But the alloy segregation and heterogeneous grain morphology after PWHT needs improvement.

Ensuring Confidentiality and Privacy in Criminal Proceedings: A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan Experience

The paper examines the limitations of personal rights in criminal proceedings, as well as the risks associated with the lack of compliance with security measures due to the unlawful disclosure of preliminary investigation data. During the research, scientific methods such as analysis, comparison, and expert assessment were used. The study resulted in the identification of significant problems in the current criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the area of observing the personal rights of a person and citizen, as well as ensuring the confidentiality of criminal case materials. Among these are lack of differentiation of principles establishing inviolability in various spheres of life; lack of a clear mechanism and tools for ensuring confidentiality in criminal proceedings; the optional nature of Article 161 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which determines the inadmissibility of disclosing preliminary investigation materials, etc. In studying these problems, possible ways and means of solving them were developed, such as: introducing a special chapter in the Criminal Procedure Code regulating issues of ensuring confidentiality in criminal proceedings; giving an imperative nature to Article 161 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation; differentiation of the principles of criminal procedure in accordance with various spheres of life.

Implications of changing the base raw material – the case of license plate manufacturing

ABSTRACT License plates to uniquely identify vehicles mainly use aluminum as the base material. Currently, there is no distinction of different use cases of license plates, such as short-time usage for test drive and transportation purposes that do not need such long-lasting materials not only from cost but also from sustainability perspectives. This paper presents a methodology to select the best material for different use cases under the holistic consideration of specifically defined criteria as to material properties, sustainability aspects, and supply chain implications. We show that there are several candidate materials for different use cases that stick out by changing the importance of these numerous criteria. In addition, the paper delves deeper into the sustainability aspect by means of a comprehensive System Dynamics model. We show that a scenario in which the company picks up used license plates by relying on a logistics service provider to get them delivered to an external recycling service provider yields the best results.

Combustible cartridge case material characteristics evaluation

AbstractCombustible cartridge cases are parts of modular charges used in modern artillery systems. Some types of combustible cartridge case materials have exhibited problems during pyrostatic measurements caused by their difficult ignition. This article explores the possibility of testing the combustible cartridge case material mixed with a propellant of known ballistic properties and then separating the influence of that propellant using methods of mathematical analysis. The aim of this work is to create methodology for closed vessel tests of combustible cartridge case material. Outcome involves the characterization of combustible cartridge case material ballistic properties, including its burn rate parameters. Calculations described in this paper could potentially be modified to be applicable to other cases of mixture of two propellants.

DETERMINATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF A LETHAL BULLET INJURY TO THE HEAD DUE TO A PROJECTILE RICOCHET TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTALLY FIRED BULLETS

Gunshot wounds always occupy one of the leading places in the structure of violent mortality, however, there is not enough information in the specialised literature that highlights the distinct individual characteristics of projectiles (bullets) that were removed from a biological object and became the instrument of death, and when they ricochet (collide with an obstacle) after a series of experimental shots. Aim: To determine the possibility of causing a fatal bullet injury to the head after the ricochet of a projectile from the road surface, taking into account the analysis of the morphological characteristics of experimentally fired bullets. Material and methods. The archival material of the SSI "Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" ("Expert conclusion") was used. The objects of the study were: bones of the skull of the victim gr. K, gunshot wounds on the head (entrance, exit hole, wound channel), as well as bullets up to 9 mm cartridges of the "Makarov" pistol, namely 1) one bullet removed from the cranial cavity after an autopsy and 2) 6 bullets removed after an experimental series of shots into the road surface. Their characteristics were studied using standard methods generally accepted in forensic medicine and standard methods of variational statistics. Results. During arrest by a law enforcement officer, the man received a fatal gunshot wound to the head with a 9 mm bullet. There was an entrance hole in the occipital bone, a wound channel in the cranial cavity at an angle of approximately 130° to the midline of the body, and a depressed fracture of the frontal bone. A series of experimental shots with 9mm bullets revealed the remains (fragments) of the asphalt coating and their marked deformation, which was not the case with the bullet that caused the fatal wound. Ballistic analysis showed that the angle of movement of the bullet in the cranial cavity was 30°. Conclusion. According to the circumstances contained in the criminal case materials and established during the forensic examination, the bullet wound could not have been caused by the ricochet of the bullet from the asphalt pavement, since no remains (fragments) of the obstacle with which the bullet collided were found, and its deformation does not correspond to the results of the forensic shooting and ballistic examination.

Supporting Client Transitions Out of UK Football Academies

Release from professional football (soccer) academies in the UK can result in experiences of psychological distress for the transitioning individual (i.e., the player) and their support network (e.g., family members). Despite the commonality of such transitions and their potential negative effects, it is surprising that practice insights on supporting the transition out of professional football academies are sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to draw on case material to highlight approaches and challenges for sport psychologists supporting a range of clients during transitions out of an academy football club. In closing, we offer key recommendations for stakeholders and those delivering support in practice settings when seeking to support similar transitions.

The "Fact of the Matter": A Model for Working with Activated Internal Object Relations in Psychodynamic Couple Therapy.

Extensive clinical scholarship has described the application of object-relational principles, particularly the operation of projective identification, to psychodynamic psychotherapy with couples. The author explores the way in which a more complete depiction of projective processes, one that incorporates each partner's intrapersonal management of multiple internal object relations, interacting interpersonally in the couple therapy process, can explain the escalating cycles of conflict between couples that are elaborated in the family-systems literature, and be helpful in understanding the object-relational substrate of chronic conflict in couples more generally. A description of how to map each partner's internal object world through the identification of these cycles in the early couple therapy process is elaborated in a theoretical model and illustrated with case material.

Ag-Coated Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI2507 with or without Crystallization of Secondary Phase as Advanced Li-Ion Battery Case Material

Li-ion batteries used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles require high safety standards, necessitating the use of high-performance structural materials for battery casings. Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is a structural material suitable for portable electronic products owing to its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. SDSS AISI2507 was used to construct a Li-ion battery casing, a Ag coating was applied via physical vapor deposition (PVD) after the heat treatment of AISI2507 with or without a secondary phase, and the coating thickness was controlled by varying the PVD time. The thickness of the Ag coating layer increased proportionally with time, thereby enhancing the electrical conductivity. The structure and coating behavior were confirmed using FE-SEM, XRD, and GDS. The secondary phase was crystallized by the segregation of the alloy and formed a BCC structure. The FCC lattice structure exhibited excellent coating behavior on the austenite (FCC structure) of AISI2507. Conversely, the secondary phase exhibited low adhesion owing to differences in composition and crystal structure. However, the Ag coating layer on AISI2507 exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, outperforming conventional Ni-plated Li-ion battery casings comprising AISI304. However, the precipitation of the secondary phase must be controlled, as the formation of the secondary phase acts as a factor that decreases electrical conductivity from 58.8 to 53.6 (ICAS) %. The excellent performance of Ag-coated AISI2507 makes it suitable for the fabrication of enhanced Li-ion battery casings.

Normative Examination of The Considerations of Pre-Trial Judge on Distortion of The Value of The Instruments of Evidence (Case Study of Pretrial Decission Number 5/Pid. Pre/2018/PN BTM At the Batam District Court)

<p>The formal administrative examination in pretrial is a mandate from PERMA Number 4 of 2016 which also contains a prohibition so that judges do not intervene the case material, but currently there is a pretrial decission No. 5/Pid. Pre/2018/PN BTM which cancels the determination of the suspect with the consideration that the evidence for the determination of the suspect has been distorted by the investigation period which is considered too long, from this decission it is necessary to analyze the construction flow of the judge's legal considerations and normative juridical examination as well as the legal consequences of the decission against the investigator. This research used descriptive analytical method using a normative approach (legal research) to obtain secondary data and an empirical approach (juridical sociological) to obtain primary data through observation (observation). The results of the study showed that pretrial judges form a new legal method regarding the distorted value of evidence based on the period of investigation in which this consideration was no longer on the assessment of formal aspects, from this decission Investigators if they want to re-determine someone as a suspect must use two different pieces of new evidence. For this reason, the Supreme Court is expected to establish special rules regarding mechanisms and clear boundaries for pretrial judges in establishing the rule of law, besides that a clear definition of deviant and/or fundamentally deviant decissions is needed and the annulling mechanism to anticipate legal smuggling.</p>