IntroductionIn recent years, the field of medical malpractice has attracted growing attention, and despite the long history of research in this area, there are still unexplored aspects of this phenomenon. In this article, we aimed to explore the realm of medical malpractice, focusing on cases involving healthcare professionals in emergency services in Türkiye. It examines the surge in medical malpractice lawsuits, the consequences of such cases, and the prevalence of criminal liability faced by healthcare professionals. Material and methodA comprehensive analysis of healthcare-related cases from 2017 to 2022 was carried out using the electronic decision database known as "LEGALBANK". We scrutinized these cases from both medical and criminal law perspectives, aiming to shed light on the complex dynamics of medical malpractice in emergency services. ResultsThe findings reveal that professionals in emergency services are confronted with a notable number of criminal cases. Among these cases, doctors are the most frequently implicated, followed by nurses, midwives, ambulance drivers, and other healthcare professionals. Crimes attributed to these professionals vary but primarily include involuntary manslaughter, misuse of public duty, forgery of documents, and reckless injury. DiscussionIn Türkiye, there is a notable prevalence of examinations conducted in emergency services and criminal cases involving healthcare professionals in this field. This dual prominence underscores the unique significance of examining medical malpractice from both criminal law and medical perspectives within the Turkish context. This study categorizes the multifaceted challenges of medical malpractice as personal, system-related, and legal, offering valuable insights into the intricate landscape of this phenomenon in Türkiye's emergency services. ConclusionThis research contributes to a deeper understanding of medical malpractice, particularly its criminal dimensions in the Turkish context, and calls for improved healthcare, enhanced patient safety, and error prevention in emergency settings.