Carrier Of Properties Research Articles

Impedance spectroscopy – comparison of dielectric models with a real RC circuit

When studying heterogeneous systems, it is necessary to know properties of all present phases and also structure and behaviour of their mutual interfaces. A discrete model respects atomic structure of bodies (atomic in the sense of particles as carriers of homogeneous properties). It replaces individual atoms with mass points called particles whilst each one of them is a carrier of properties (attributes). The goal of the mathematical formulation of a discrete model is assigning values to particles’ properties. These are displays from a set of particles into a set of attribute values. In general, each one of these displays is a time function. In the paper, we compare a parallel RC circuit with a model outcome. Real electrotechnical components were used: a resistor and a capacitor, which are commonly available in electrical component shops. The accuracy of the value of electrical capacity is below 20 %, the accuracy of the value of electrical resistance is below 5%. The guide value was determined using the Tesla BM595 bridge RLCG meter. R = 9.58 MΩ, C = 10.25 pF – measured at frequency of 1000 Hz. An electrically conductive parallel connection of the resistor and the capacitor was inserted between electrodes and a conductive contact was made.

MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS

Modern models and approaches to managing the development of a territory based on indicators of convenience and comfort of living of residents are considered. Modern approaches to the definition of the concept of quality of life are also listed and analyzed. The analysis of the approaches existing in the modern literature and practice of the activities of executive authorities to solving practical problems of managing subordinate territories revealed some of their fundamental shortcomings, and led to the need to develop a fundamentally different approach to solving issues of managing the development of the territory in question. The proposed object-functional approach is based on the formation of a continuous function (surface) of the density of properties over the territory considered for management purposes, where the carriers of properties (positive, negative or neutral) are the infrastructure objects of the managed territory themselves. The model is formed on the basis of the normal distribution of a two-dimensional random variable on the plane (Gauss' law). At the same time, there are all possibilities for analyzing the optimality of the territorial distribution of the objects under consideration, based on the functional purpose and the overall goal of increasing the efficiency of the development process of the socio-economic system of a municipality or region. In other words, there is a real possibility of modeling the process of long-term territorial planning when solving the tasks of managing the development of a territory in order to improve the quality and comfort of life of the population.

The Binding Problem for Strong Experiential Monism

In this article, I explicate a new problem for a variant of panpsychism, strong experiential monism, that is the view that all being is experiential. I contrast the view with weak experiential monism, a softer variant that allows for non-experiential bare particulars to act as the carriers of properties. I argue that strong experiential monism can’t explain what works as the ontological commonality between the referents of one experience of something and another experience of that same thing; in other words, in virtue of what are those experiences about the same thing at all. If they aren’t about the same ontological existent at all, the apparent mutual coherence between these experiences (as manifest in our ability to discuss about them in a seemingly coherent way, for example) requires explanation. I argue that strong experiential monism necessitates a more or less brute kind of parallelism between the experiences to explain their mutual coherence. Alternatively, the strong experiential monist must either retreat to weak experiential monism and non-experiential bare particulars or to a more robust kind of property dualism or dual-aspect monism.

Species as a system within a system

The article presents the results of an analytical review of general laws of nature development and their relationships with the laws of biological evolution in terms of general theory of systems and their synergetic manifestation at different levels of organization. The basis of such analysis is the interpretation of the species as a system, as a structure with self-organizing and complicating abilities, as well as a unit of evolutionary diversity and taxonomy. At the same time, as a system, the species occupies an appropriate position in system subordination, in the hierarchy of biological evolution, and in systems of taxonomic division and phylogeny. Its synergistic connections in the system characterize its complexity, functionality, self-organization, and alternative development, which is manifested through saltation, relative balance and constant absorption of energy to organize chaos as a source of order. These characteristics accompany the non-integrated development of biological systems as open and unbalanced by intraspecific polymorphism. Analytical delineation of the species as a system within a system involves defining it as a structure, an element, and a carrier of properties and functions at different organizational (ontogenetic, biocoenotic, and evolutionary) levels of biological systems.

‘Nothing is the same as something else’: significant properties and notions of identity and originality

What does it mean to claim that one record, one archival object, is identical to another? Questions of identity (or ‘sameness’) often arise in the fields of digital preservation, imaging, transcription and editing. Experts in these fields sometimes assert that success in their mission depends on the ability to define the ‘significant’ or ‘essential’ properties of records and that, if these can be protected, the identity of records will be preserved across episodes of migration or conversion. However, the determination of ‘significant properties’ is no less problematical than the debate about notions of ‘value’ in appraisal theory, not least because different user communities will bring different perceptions of what constitutes significance. The sameness of discrete entities, the concept of significance and the methods by which sameness or significance might be assessed are all open to dispute; opinions will inevitably depend on the contexts in which judgements are made. Originality is also a frequently contested notion, especially in the digital world, but must not be dismissed as meaningless. The copies that emerge from acts of migration, conversion or transcription are neither incontrovertibly identical to their originals nor carriers of properties that are objectively significant.

Systems view, emergence and complexity

PurposeTo describe a view of parts of the world as assemblies with emergent properties constructed from related properties or objects, and the modelling of production of emergent properties arising by chance or design.Design/methodology/approachOne and two place sentences of a homogeneous language are combined in a static state to show a variety of possibilities of new structures. Combinations of such sentences in a dynamic state derived from narratives that show how static states are produced.FindingsUsing Cartesian products and network theory the kind and number of new structures can be calculated. Semantic diagrams exhibit the propagation of dynamic states leading to the use of predicate logic statements as carriers of properties of objects with uncertainties.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach is based on linguistic analysis being able to encapsulate linguistic complexities, expressions of feelings, emotions, etc. in homogeneous language. Interpretation of semantics is restricted to human mind. Research may lead to a science and design of complex systems.Practical implicationsThe method embedded in the approach can be developed into a design aid for managers subject to its passing the test of debate and development of software.Originality/valueThe research has led to a more rigorous approach to the analysis and design of scenarios including those with human activities.

The ability of an electric current to carry information for crystal growth patterns

When a current from a 1.5- dry cell is passed successively through two vessels containing 0.15 M sodium chloride solution the crystal pattern of the salt dried from the second vessel in the series is of the usual cubic symmetry. When the first vessel contains salt solution to which albumen has been added the crystal pattern in the second vessel changes to a more ornate form of a type found when albumen is present in the solution. Reasons are discussed for viewing the current as a carrier of properties of the protein solution able to induce some of those properties in pure salt solution.