Caries Prevalence Rate Research Articles

An Instrumental Analysis of the Triad Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Screen Time, and Dental Caries in Adolescents

Background: Previous studies reported screen time in association with unhealthy dietary behaviors, such as excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages leading to dental caries. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between screen time on mobile devices and dental caries experience in adolescents, as well as whether sugar-sweetened beverages would mediate the association. Methods: We analyzed 24,374 junior and senior high school students of age 12 to 17 years from the 2021 “Surveillance for common diseases and health risk factors among students” Project in Jiangsu Province of China. Dental caries experience was determined by the designated dentists. Screen time and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were self-reported and treated as a priori risk. We employed an instrumental variable (IV) approach for the current cross-sectional setting. We used the lasso technique to shortlist covariates from a range of confounding factors. Binary logistic regression or ordered logistic regression was performed where appropriate to explore the associations of screen time on mobile devices with dental caries and sugar-sweetened beverages. Results: The prevalence rate of dental caries was 38.4% in the study population. In comparison with <2 h/d screen time on mobile devices, extended screen time (≥2 h/d) was associated with higher dental caries risk (coefficient: 1.27, 95%; confidence interval: 0.80–1.75). Mediation analysis suggested that sugar-sweetened beverage intake might be an independent risk factor for dental caries, instead of the mediator between screen time on mobile devices and dental caries. None of the interaction terms under investigation was statistically significant. Conclusions: Exposure to mobile device screens and sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with dental caries in adolescents. These findings highlighted the importance of increasing awareness of potential risks owing to mobile device usage and sugar-sweetened beverages and the necessity to develop appropriate intervention strategies for school-aged adolescents.

Cross-sectional survey and analysis of factors influencing the prevalence of dental caries among older individuals aged 65-74 in Guangdong Province in 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of oral diseases is subject to change over time. In 2021, Guangdong Province conducted its fourth survey assessing the oral health status of individuals aged 65–74.Materials and methodsEvaluation criteria and potential influencing factors were identified. A sample of residents aged 65–74 from 13 designated monitoring sites in Guangdong Province was randomly selected for the study. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the clinical correlation between influencing factors and evaluation criteria. Negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were utilized to examine the factors influencing caries prevalence. In contrast, logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors for caries occurrence. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of caries rate of crowns, roots, and teeth were 76.36%, 52.25%, and 79.2%, respectively. Individuals with periodontal pockets exhibited a significantly higher risk of root caries. The presence of dental calculus significantly exacerbated the occurrence of crown, root, and dental caries, and increased the risk of crown and dental caries. Consuming sweet foods once or more a week notably increased the average root decayed score (D of roots), the prevalence rate of root caries, and the D score of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth [DMFT] index in individuals already afflicted with this condition. Similarly, the consumption of sweetened drinks significantly elevated the risk of crown and root caries, exacerbating overall caries progression. Frequencies of manual toothbrush and toothpick cleaning showed a negative correlation with average tooth missing score (MT). In contrast, the frequency of manual/electric toothbrush and toothpick cleaning was negatively correlated with the DMFT index. Engaging in dental diagnosis and treatment behaviors significantly increased the number of filled crowns (F), MT, and DMFT scores while reducing the prevalence of dental caries.ConclusionsIn Guangdong Province, caries prevalence among older individuals aged 65–74 remains substantial. Relevant professionals and institutions must provide comprehensive guidance and assistance to the older population, emphasizing the importance of reducing the consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages, adopting correct tooth brushing techniques and frequency (at least twice daily), timely treatment of periodontal diseases, conducting regular epidemiological caries surveys, and addressing economic barriers to accessing caries diagnosis and treatment services.

The Effect of Dental Health Education through Leaflet Media on Student's Knowledge

Introduction: The children aged 6-14 years are an age group that is critical for the occurrence of dental caries and has special characteristics, namely the period of replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth. This group has a fairly high prevalence rate of dental caries, reaching 60-80%. In general development, dental caries looks very active at ages 4-8 years and ages 11-19 years. Based on the initial inspection at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya, there were 43 students with DMF-T index amount 4.5 in the high category. And the remaining data was obtained from 37 students, only 2 students were caries free. And it can be seen that the DMF-T index of 8.1 is a problem in this research, namely the high percentage of dental caries in students in 5th and 6th grade at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya in 2023. Purpose: This study purposes to analyze the relationship between knowledge on dental health education using leaflet media. Materials and Methods: The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The criteria for this research sample were students in 5th and 6th grade at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya. Data analysis using a simple linear regression statistical test with the aim of comparing the average results of the pre-test with the post-test in the intervention group, the decision to test the research hypothesis is based on the significant level < 0,05. Results: The characteristic of the respondents who were research subjects included age, gender, and number of students in each class. there is a variable influence of providing education through leaflet media on student's knowledge of dental and oral health Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya. The table also explains the magnitude of the correlation/relationship value (R), which is 0.208. From this output, a coefficient of determination (R square) of 0.043 is obtained, which means that the independent variable to the dependent variable is 4,3%. Conclusions: The effect of dental health education using leaflet media on dental and oral health knowledge among students at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School, Surabaya in 2023, this is based on a ρ value of 0.000<0.05, where H0 rejected and Ha accepted.

Effective prevention of secondary caries in children’s permanent teeth using oral hygiene products

Relevance. In Russia, caries prevalence rate in permanent teeth of 12- year-olds is 75, 6%, and in 15-year-olds, it is 87, 5%. Alongside with high prevalence of caries in permanent children’s teeth, the problem of secondary caries is very significant as well. Toothpastes containing fluoride use for caries prevention. Now, there are known toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite enriched with complex (PGC) with amino acid threonine. It is advisable to study this paste effect on secondary caries occurrence.Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examinations and treatment of 92 children, aged 7 to 15, aged (97 teeth) were carried out during one year. They were given dental treatment, including that of dentine caries, in permanent teeth (K02.1). Fillings marginal integrity was assessed using G. Ryge (1998) criterion and electrometry method. Carious process intensity in study groups was determined using indices DMFS and ICDAS-II (code I, code II).Results. In group using toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite enriched with complex (PGC) with amino acid threonine, frequency of unsatisfactory restorations was detected only in 6% of cases; in group using fluoride containing pastes – 12%. Electrical conductivity of hard tissues in these groups increased only by 9,6 % and 36% respectively. Frequency of restorations with secondary caries signs at the end of the study was 27% in group with no preventive measures, and according to electrometric method, electrical conductivity at the border of fillings with hard dental tissues increased by 130%. Reduction of caries growth in group using toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite was 78,6%, in group with fluoride containing toothpaste – 64,3%.Conclusion. Application of a toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite enriched with Polyol Germanium Complex with amino acid threonine increases efficiency of secondary caries prevention in children's permanent teeth.

Assessment of caries diagnostic threshold of DMFT, and ICDAS II in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars among students of College of Dentistry-Hawler Medical University.

Background: Dental caries is a common chronic infectious disease resulting from tooth-adherent cariogenic bacteria primarily S. Mutans, which metabolize sugars to produce acid, demineralizing the tooth structure over time. First permanent molars (FPMs) have a key role in establishing dental occlusion. They are very prone to caries because of their anatomical structure and early eruption. Hence, the estimation of dental caries in FPMs at individual and community levels could help understand the pattern and severity of dental caries. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the caries prevalence of FPMs amongst the students of collage of dentistry/HMU. The rate of decay between male and female, maxillary and mandibular FPM teeth. Method: This study was carried out among the students of Hawler medical university/college of dentistry. The total number of samples was (100) samples. The age of the students ranged from (18-24 years) of age. Clinical examinations were carried out under artificial light using dental mirrors and dental probe/explorers. Dental caries was diagnosed on teeth number (3, 14, 19, and 30), according to the criteria of DMFT index looking for missing, filling, decayed teeth. then ICDAS to further classify the amount of dental caries later the collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. Results: in this study the difference in decay between maxillary and mandibular teeth was significant with the P value being (0.27). Between genders the P value was (0.38) and between age groups was (0.30) their result being insignificant, according to chi-square test. Conclusion: this study indicates that; the rate of decay is more in mandibular FPMs in comparison to maxillary FPMs. While the difference between the male, female and different age group in caries prevalence are non-significant, hence, more education about the aforementioned problems is necessary. Keywords: Caries Diagnostic Threshold, Prevalence Rate.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Children's Dental Care Programs: A Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of children's dental care programs on children and adolescents to reduce oral health inequalities. It measured and assessed the improvement effects of children's dental care programs on the oral health of children and adolescents as part of the efforts to decrease oral health disparities in this age group. It included 406 individuals who participated in student and children's dental care program between 2013 and 2019 at screening facilities in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. A frequency analysis was conducted for demographic characteristics, and a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the prevalence of dental caries as the dependent variable. The data were analyzed using PASW Statistics with the statistical significance level set at α = 0.05. Regarding oral health status based on the frequency of participation in children's dental care program for children and adolescents, participants with seven or more sessions had lower prevalence rates of dental caries, malocclusion, and periodontal disease than those with only one session. Second, when comparing oral health status in children's dental care program between primary and adolescent age groups, individuals under continuous oral health care showed a decrease in permanent teeth affected by dental caries, dental caries prevalence, and malocclusion prevalence (excluding primary school age). Third, a binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant influences (p < 0.05) of the developmental stage and frequency of program participation on dental caries prevalence. Children's dental care programs are essential for alleviating oral health inequalities among children and adolescents and preventing oral diseases. Furthermore, the developmental stage of children and the frequency of program participation are crucial factors in preventing oral conditions, such as dental caries.

Contemporary Wayang Stories in Enhancing Cognitive and Skills of Children in Maintaining Dental and Oral Health

The prevalence of dental caries in children is still relatively high in Indonesia. One of the causes is neglect of oral and dental health maintenance. The school dental health business Program carried out to overcome this has not covered all elementary schools in Indonesia. Given the importance of maintaining children's dental and oral health, improving children's dental health promotion programs at school is necessary. Community service has been carried out at MI Al Khaeriyah, Jabungan Semarang city is a promotive program that aims to improve oral hygiene and children's knowledge in maintaining their dental health. Promotional efforts were carried out in packages consisting of fairy tales, interactive questions and answers, demonstrations, and mass brushing of teeth for 42 students in grades 1-6 elementary school. The results showed an increase in knowledge, both to 93% and followed by an increase in dental and oral hygiene criteria by 81%. Counseling in the form of fairy tales, interactive questions and answers, demonstrations, and mass tooth-brushes can motivate students to behave positively in maintaining healthy teeth every day. Promotive actions in children need to be increased and implemented on an ongoing basis to maintain positive behavior, reduce the prevalence rate of caries in the future, and support existing school dental health business programs.

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report.

Dental caries remains a prevalent disease worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have shown that it affects the oral health of the pediatric population, and the Galapagos population in Ecuador is no exception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its association, based on baseline information from the Galapagos Oral Health Study (ESSO-Gal), in children of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 804 children aged 2-11 years. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria, while the presence of dental biofilm was assessed using the Silness-Löe index. Descriptive statistics, including frequency analysis and measures of central tendency and dispersion, were performed. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify associations between variables. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program. The caries prevalence rates based on ICDAS II codes 1-6, 1-2, and 3-6 were 98.01%, 96.9%, and 85%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed among the different islands regarding the cutoff point for ICDAS II codes 3-6 (p ≤ 0.001). Participants aged 6-11 years had the highest caries prevalence. The results show a high prevalence of dental caries among children in the Galapagos Islands, which increases with age. Contrary to expectations, the study did not find a significant correlation between the severity of dental caries and the presence of dental biofilm.

Measurement and evaluation of maximum opening capacity and oral health conditions in individuals with cerebral palsy

Neuromuscular problems, inherent to cerebral palsy (CP), significantly affect the oral health of these individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between motor impairment conditions and oral health conditions and TMJ amplitude in individuals with CP. The methodology was based on an evaluative process with extra and intra-oral clinical examination carried out on individuals with CP, who were divided into two groups, according to the condition, according to the GMFCS classification. Given the results obtained, it can be concluded that in both groups analyzed, the Angle class II type of dental malocclusion and the parafunctional habit of tongue interposition had a higher prevalence. The average maximum mouth opening was 29.92 mm, with a slightly significant reduction for the group with greater and lesser neurological involvement. Both groups evaluated presented a moderate prevalence rate of dental caries, with no significant difference between them.

Prevalence of Caries with its Distribution by Age &amp; Gender in Institutional Clinical Patients

Introduction: Consequence of dental caries is loose of healthy tooth structure which impacts negatively on aesthetics, function, self-esteem and quality of life of the patients. Different age groups and populations exhibit distinct caries prevalence rates, observations of which could provide a useful descriptive measure of caries susceptibility in tooth surfaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry &amp; Endodontics of Dhaka Dental College &amp; Hospital, located in Mirpur-14 and Department of Conservative Dentistry &amp; Endodontics of Sapporo Dental College &amp; Hospital, located in Abdullahpur (North Dhaka City), Bangladesh, were examined between 2017 and 2019. The location of dental caries on the teeth surfaces was recorded as following surface: Occlusal , Mesio-occlusal, Disto-occlusal, Proximal and Cervical for statistical evaluation and comparison. Furthermore, the age and gender of the patients were recorded on the chart for each caries tooth. Result: Female had higher incidence 86 (57%) of caries than males 64 (43%). Caries distribution was common in the maxillary jaw (53.38%) than in the mandibular jaw (46.62%). Among our study patient occlusoal surface caries was most commonly observed (43.4%). Then, the proximal surface caries was seen in 28.3% cases. Overall 71.7% prevalence of caries was in occlusal and proximal area. Where, prevalence of proximal and cervical surface caries was higher in maxillary tooth (18.9% and 4.82%) than mandibular tooth (9.3% and 2.6%) respectively. Conclusion: Female are more prevalent to dental caries than male. Occlusoal surface caries is most commonly observed, then, the proximal surface caries are commonly seen. Occlusal surface caries is more common in mandibular tooth than maxillary. Where, proximal and cervical surface caries was higher in maxillary tooth. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.35(2): 78-82

Effect of dietary patterns on dental caries among 12–15 years-old adolescents: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundSeveral factors can influence the risk of dental caries, among which dietary factors have a significance impact on the occurrence of dental caries. The limitation of current studies is that they only focus on the influence of individual foods on the risk of dental caries. This study use cluster analysis to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and dental caries experience among adolescents aged 12–15.MethodsBased on data from the first oral epidemic survey in Shanxi Province, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 11,351 adolescents aged 12–15 in Shanxi Province through oral examination and questionnaires. The questionnaire included the intake frequency of seven types of food. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and dental caries experience.ResultsThe prevalence rate of caries was 44.57% and the mean DMFT score was 0.98 ± 1.49 in adolescents aged 12–15 in Shanxi Province. The caries rate was higher in females than males (X2 = 103.59, P < 0.001). Adolescents who grow up in one-child families have a lower caries risk than those who grow up in families with more than one child (OR:0.91; 95%CI:0.84–0.97). The dietary patterns of adolescents aged 12–15 can be divided into eight types, among which refreshments-rich diet (OR:1.47; 95%CI,1.22–1.77) can increase the risk of caries, while the coarse-grains-rich dietery pattern (OR:0.90; 95%CI, 0.79–0.97) has a lower caries risk.ConclusionsSocial determinants of health such as sex, family size and dietary patterns influence the risk of dental caries. Certain dietary patterns could increase or decrease the risk of caries. The government, school canteens and news media should take dietary pattern factors seriously.

The combined effect of pit and fissure sealant application and oral health education on oral health status of children aged 6–9 years: a 12-month follow-up study in Northeast China

BackgroundChildren aged 6–9 years are vulnerable to dental caries due to age-related limitations and a lack of adequate knowledge regarding oral health and hygiene practices. This study aimed to establish a cohort of children aged between 6 and 9 years and conducted a 12-month follow-up to examine the combined effect of pit and fissure sealant (PFS) application and oral health education on their oral health status.MethodsA cohort study with 12-month follow-up was conducted in Liaoning province, China. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling approach was employed in the study. The enrolled 6- to 9-year-old children were all from the selected primary schools, who had resided in the designated area for at least 6 months. Children who were unable to cooperate with the examiner or without informed consent from their guardians were excluded. Experienced dental professionals examined the oral health status of primary school children aged 6–9 years. All children and their guardians were mandated to complete a questionnaire (qualitative data) at the beginning of the study. In the experiment group, children underwent PFS application and chairside oral health education. Clinical examinations and questionnaire surveys were repeated at the 12-month follow-up. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were conducted to investigate the potential risk factors associated with dental caries prevalence (dependent variable). Independent variables were items from the questionnaire (such as living place, parents’ education level and children’ birth weight). The significant variables identified in the chi-square tests were subsequently included in the binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 4,085 children aged 6–9 years were included in the study, with 1805 participants assigned to the experiment group and 2280 to the control group. At baseline, the caries rates of the experimental and control group were 77.95% and 80.35%, respectively without any statistically significant differences. However, at the 12-month follow-up, the caries rate in the experimental group (83.65%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (86.62%) (P < 0.05). The results from the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with a college degree and children in the experimental group exhibited lower caries rates. Conversely, higher caries rates were associated with the consumption of sweet beverages and foods more than once a day and a lack of knowledge regarding the causes of caries (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn Liaoning, China, children aged 6 to 9 years exhibited a high prevalence of dental caries. Several factors, including the parent’s education level, the frequency of consuming sweet beverages and foods, and the children’s understanding of the cause of caries, significantly affected the caries prevalence rates. The implementation of PFS application and oral health education effectively reduce the caries rate among the surveyed children.

PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AND CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Actuality. The study of the prevalence of dental caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) in schoolage children living in different regions of Ukraine is necessary to identify risk factors for their simultaneous development and to develop regionally targeted sets of preventive measures.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in school-age children living in the cities of the central and northern regions.&#x0D; Materials and methods. 503 children aged 7 to 15 years old were examined, among them 150 children (29.2%) were examined in the city of Vinnytsia (central region), 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Chernihiv (northern region), and 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Kyiv (northern region) – 205 children (40.8%). We determined the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in children 7-8 years old, 12-13, and 15 years old, according to WHO recommendations.&#x0D; The results. The prevalence of dental caries in children 7-8 years old in Vinnytsia was 81.3±4.5%, in Chernihiv – 89.5%±4.9%, in Kyiv – 89.6±4.4%, in children 12-13 years old, according to the list of cities, – 68.0±5.4%, 80.8±7.7% and 89.7±3.1±%, in 15-year-old children living in Chernihiv, the prevalence of caries was 94.8±2.9%, in Kyiv – 86.7±4.2%. The prevalence of CCG in Vinnytsia among children aged 7-8 was equal to 18.7±4.5%, among children aged 12-13 – 36.0±5.5%, in Chernihiv – 31.6±7.5% and 40, 4±6.0%, in Kyiv – 22.9±6.1% and 43.3±5.0%, respectively. Among 15-year-old children in Chernihiv, the indicator was 51.7±6.1%, in Kyiv – 55.0±6.4%.&#x0D; Conclusion. Differences between the prevalence rates of dental caries and CCG in school-aged children, depending on the region, may be related to natural, geographical and environmental factors. Established correlations between disease prevalence indicators indicate their likely associated course and the need to develop complex preventive programs taking into account both monoand associated course, age characteristics and regional focus.

Stair poster media as an effort to improve the dental health behavior of elementary school children

The prevalence rate of dental caries has experienced an increasing trend from year to year, so that the condition of dental and oral health problems in Indonesia is still worrying, especially for elementary school children. The high number of dental health problems is caused by many factors, one of which is the low level of dental health maintenance behavior. Promotive and preventive measures are needed to prevent dental and oral health problems, namely by providing dental and oral health education. Poster media is a medium or prop/tool that can be used to convey messages from communicators to the audience. Staircase poster media is a development of general poster media, this media is designed for the sequence/stages of maintaining dental health which are attached to the school steps. Objective: This research is to analyze the effectiveness of stair poster media in improving the dental health behavior of elementary school children. Method: This research used a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The research sample was 125 people taken using purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given dental health education using posters, while the control group was given dental health education using filpchart. Data were tested using Wilcoxon test analysis, namely a pre-post design, while to compare the means of the treatment and control groups, the Mann Whitney test was used. Results: The results of the test of differences in knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth show that the p-value between the intervention group and the control group is 0.000 (p &lt;0.05), meaning that there is a difference between the values of knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth after dental health education with children's poster media. steps and dental health education with filpchart. Conclusion: dental health education using stair poster media is more effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth in elementary school children compared to dental health education using flipcharts Keywords: Stair poster, media, dental health, behavior

Oral Health of Rural Cameroonian Children: A Pilot Study in Bamendou.

Access to dental care in Cameroon is a public health issue, particularly for children living in rural areas. Given the lack of recent data, the investigation of children's oral health along with their oral hygiene behavior, needs in terms of care, and access to oral hygiene materials were investigated. This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in Bamendou, Western Region of Cameroon. The study population included 265 children aged 3-18 years who completed a questionnaire about their oral hygiene practices. A clinical examination assessed dental caries, calculus, gingivitis, and oral hygiene. The Chi-squared test was used to identify potential factors influencing caries prevalence rates (significance threshold: p < 0.05). Among the 265 children (females: 41.5%, mean age 9.3 years), caries prevalence (ICDAS ≥ 2) was 78.5% and significantly increased with age: 62.2% (3-6 years), 80.9% (7-11 years) and 84.1% (12-18 years, p = 0.01). Virtually no children (95.1%) had ever visited a dentist. While only 23.4% of children brushed their teeth at least twice a day, 14% worryingly reported the use of products other than toothpaste (ash, soap, salt, or bicarbonate) and 13.6% no brushing product. The present study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries in this population and inadequate toothbrushing habits, which highlights the need for preventive oral health education and intervention to address these issues.

The Relationship Between Formula Feeding Patterns and Early Childhood Caries In Preschool Children In Ketileng Village, Todanan Blora

Caries that affects children under 72 months of age is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The high caries prevalence rate which reaches 81.5% in children aged 3-4 years is still a problem for Indonesia. One of the reasons for the high incidence of caries in preschoolers is the inappropriate pattern of breastfeeding or formula feeding. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between patterns of formula feeding and ECC in preschool children in Ketileng Village, Todanan, Blora. This study used an analytic observational research design with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 69 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from the results of dental examinations using the PUFA index and a questionnaire filled out by parents/guardians of students. Data analysis used the chi square statistical test. The results of the study showed duration, duration, frequency of consumption of formula milk, use of bottles/pacifiers, addition of sweeteners to consumption of formula milk and history of breastfeeding up to 2 years of age, each of which showed a value of p 0.05, which means there is a relationship with ECC. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the pattern of formula feeding and the presence of ECC in preschool children in Ketileng Village, Todanan, Blora.

Dental morbidity in children aged 1 to 6 years living in Moscow taking into account age and gender

Objective. To study the structure of the dental status of children aged 1 to 6 years. To identify gender differences in the rates of dental morbidity in children of early and preschool age.&#x0D; Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional epidemiological study (cross-sectional studies) was conducted to study the dental morbidity of the Moscow child population aged 1 to 6 years. Clinical research methods were carried out to determine the dental status of the subjects. The received materials were processed statistically using the Statistica software. For statistical analysis of the prevalence of caries depending on age, the 2 criterion was used for contingency tables. To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of caries among boys and girls, Pearson’s 2 test was used with Yates’ correction for continuity. Categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies.&#x0D; Results. An analysis of the data obtained as a result of a cross-sectional epidemiological study (cross-sectional studies) of the children’s population of Moscow aged 1 to 6 years showed that the need for oral cavity sanation increases with age, the rate of previously sanitized children in different age periods are changing, there is a decrease in the rate of natural sanation. The prevalence of caries increases as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of the prevalence of caries on the age group was revealed (2=55.86, df=5, p&lt;0.001). The prevalence of caries increases as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of the prevalence of caries on the age group was revealed (2=55.86, df=5, p&lt;0.001). Absolute and relative (%) caries prevalence rates are higher in girls in all age groups and lower in boys. But statistically significant differences in the prevalence of caries in boys and girls were observed only in the age group of 1 year (2=13.45, df=1, p&lt;0.001) and 6 years (2=4.539, df=1, p&lt;0.05). In the age groups of 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, there was a similar prevalence of caries among boys and girls, no statistically significant differences were found, despite the fact that quantitative (absolute and relative indicators) indicated a higher prevalence in girls than in boys. Conclusions. The indicator of natural sanitation in children of early and preschool age decreases, the indicator of the need for sanitation of the oral cavity tends to increase with age, with a slight decrease by the age of 2 in girls; the indicator of previously sanitized children is variable in different age periods. The prevalence of caries in infants and preschool children increases as the child grows older and does not tend to decrease. A statistically significant dependence of the prevalence of caries on the age group was revealed. Absolute and relative (%) caries prevalence rates are higher in girls in all age groups and lower in boys. But statistically significant differences in the prevalence of caries in boys and girls were observed only in the age groups: 1 year and 6 years. The prevalence of caries in infants and preschool children increases as the child grows older and does not tend to decrease. A statistically significant dependence of the prevalence of caries on the age group was revealed. Absolute and relative (%) caries prevalence rates are higher in girls in all age groups and lower in boys. But statistically significant differences in the prevalence of caries in boys and girls were observed only in the age groups: 1 year and 6 years.

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

Diseases of the oral cavity organs and tissues are an urgent medical problem. The urgency of the problem has been exacerbated by the extreme conditions in Ukraine in recent years: the COVID-19 pandemic and the war. These factors lead to stress, changes in living standards and living conditions, which leads to exacerbation of chronic diseases, and also impede the receipt of full, qualified medical care.&#x0D; The Ministry of Health of Ukraine presents the regulatory framework "Rights and Obligations of Internally Displaced Persons", which guarantees medical examinations and treatment. According to the MoH order, the Poltava Regional Centre of Dentistry Dental Clinical Polyclinic has created conditions to provide dental care to IDPs at present.&#x0D; Ways of implementation:&#x0D; &#x0D; provision of dental care to patients by dentists of the polyclinic;&#x0D; providing emergency dental care around the clock;&#x0D; providing consultative and medical care by teachers of dental departments and doctors-interns.&#x0D; &#x0D; The study analysed the condition of the oral cavity organs (teeth, periodontium, oral mucosa) of internally displaced persons and identified possible ways to preserve and restore dental health through preventive work, therapeutic, surgical and orthopaedic care.&#x0D; The study analysed the work of dentists and teachers of dental departments in providing assistance to internally displaced persons over the 7 months of war in Ukraine. A total of 7388 people sought help. To assess the condition of the tissues and organs of the oral cavity, examinations were carried out using clinical, radiological and laboratory methods. If necessary, patients were consulted by related specialists.&#x0D; It was found that in all examined patients, the caries prevalence rate was 100%, and the CPV index was equivalent in patients of the main group (19±1.27) and the control group (18±2.45). The number of patients with pulpitis was 2268 (37%) (acute, chronic pulpitis and exacerbation of chronic pulpitis).&#x0D; Acute and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis was treated in 1852 patients (22.7%), periostitis in 855 (14%), and odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in 196 (3.2%).&#x0D; Out of the total number of patients, 263 (4.26%) sought treatment for exacerbation of gingivitis, 482 (7.82%) for exacerbation of periodontitis, and 698 (11.4%) for diseases of the oral mucosa.&#x0D; A high degree of reliability of exacerbation of periodontal and oral mucosa diseases was found in comparison with the control group.

Health status of children's first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020.

To investigate the eruption, caries, and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province. The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project. Among 486 865 children in Henan province, the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%, The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%, DMFT was 0.67±1.18, the ratio of caries fil-ling was 4.45%, and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%. From 2015 to 2020, the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6, 7, and 8 showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend was 385.793, 964.142, and 71.964, respectively, all P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT caries filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased (χ2trend/Ftrend was 1 115.87, 1 270.53, 1 215.02, 763.48, respectively, all P<0.05). The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties (75.41%) were higher than those in urban areas (71.90%) (χ2=756.44, P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT, filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas (34.23%, 0.76±1.24, 4.99%, and 3.75%, respectively) were higher than those in suburban areas (25.39%, 0.55±1.09, 3.50%, and 0.58%, respectively) (χ2 was 4 435.30, 3 922.56, 390.89, and 5 262.76, respectively, P<0.05). The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary (84.96%) was higher than mandible (82.88%) (χ2=1 565.70, P<0.05), and the dental caries risk of the mandible (26.07%) was higher than that of the upper (13.88%) (χ2=38 112.53, P<0.05). The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic. The eruption rate decreased, the incidence of caries increased, and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low. We should pay attention to children's eating habits and oral health, strengthen oral health education, and improve oral health awareness.

Association between dental caries and molar-incisor hypomineralisation in first permanent molars: A hierarchical model.

To assess whether the prevalence of dental caries is associated with the presence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in first permanent molars (FPMs). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 5368 FPMs from 1342 children aged 8-10 years from Florianopolis, Brazil. Dental caries was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and MIH was assessed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The sociodemographic data were obtained with a questionnaire sent to caregivers. A hierarchical repeated measures Poisson regression, considering dependency among observations, was performed, since the unit of analysis was the tooth. The presence of MIH was associated with a 6.15 times higher prevalence of dental caries in FPMs (PR: 6.15; 95%CI: 4.18-9.04). A monthly family income ≤2 minimum wages and the caries experience in the primary teeth were also significantly associated with greater prevalence rates of dental caries in FPMs. The presence of MIH showed a significant association with the prevalence of dental caries in FPMs. Thus, dentists should be alert to cases of MIH. Once the condition is detected, preventive measures should be taken to prevent enamel breakdown and the development of dental caries lesions.